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All about Nouns! Noun- a person, place, thing. You can also have an abstract noun, which is something you can’t hear, touch, smell, taste, or see. Examples: girl, store, tree, bravery Common Core Study Guide 3rd grade Language Arts Have you heard about verbs?? Pronoun- takes the place of a specific noun Verb- an action word Examples: he, she, it, they, them Examples: jump, talk, listen, walk Proper noun- a specific person, place, or thing Verbs have tenses too! That is when the verb is happening. Let’s take a look! Examples: Wal-Mart, Florida, Sally, Jandy’s Fro Yo Plural Nouns- more than one person, place, or thing. Most of the time we just add –s or –es, but there are some exceptions! If it is an irregular plural noun, it may change altogether or stay the same. Present tense- These verbs are happening right now! You can often show a present tense verb by adding –s or adding is or are and a verb ending in -ing Examples: he runs, she is reading, they are learning Irregular plural nouns: men, geese, deer, mice Past tense- These verbs have already happened! Most verbs can be shown in the past tense by adding –ed. Of course, there are those irregular verbs that change altogether or not at all! Possessive Nouns- these nouns show ownership! Examples: He jumped, she listened, they learned You show this by adding an apostrophe –s to singular nouns, and plural nouns get an apostrophe Irregular examples: He wrote (past tense for write), she ran (past tense for run), they read (read stays the same) Examples: boxes, girls, stores, fairies after the –s Examples for singular possessive: girl’s house, dog’s food, teacher’s classroom Examples for plural possessive: 2 girls’ table, 3 dogs’ toy, 7 players’ ball Future tense: These verbs haven’t happened yet! They will happen! Add the word “will” or “going to” to show this tense. Examples: he will run, I will study, she is going to jog Adjectives: Making the world more colorful since the dawn of time! Adverbs are wonderfully wonderful! Adjective: a word that describes a noun Adverb- a word that describes an adjective or verb. Sometimes these words end in –ly, but not always. They can tell where and when too. Examples: red book, nice girl, windy day Examples: The class quietly lined up. He quickly finished his test. The egg was under the bush. Comparative adjectives compare 2 things. Often end in -er There are also adjectives that compare! Examples: That girl is nicer than that boy. He is taller than his dad. Superlative adjectives compare 3 or more things. Often end in – est. Examples: That was the hardest test I’ve ever taken! She is the prettiest girl in the world. He is the nicest teacher in the school. Conjunctions: Awesome Connectors Conjunctions connect independent clauses or phrases. There are two types we learn about in 3rd grade. Coordinating Conjunctions: These words combine sentences or words that are equally important. The acronym FANBOYS can be used to remember the 7 coordinating conjunctions. They are for, and, nor, but, or, yet, and so. Examples: He is going to the movies and to the mall. The teacher told the students to study for their test so that they would make a good great. The sun was shining, but his mother still said he had to stay inside. Subordinating Conjunctions: These words join words, but also show a relationship between the words. Common subordinating conjunctions include because, before, after, as, although, if, while, unless, since, though Examples: He could not play outside because it was raining. You need to do your homework before you watch TV. She is going run on the treadmill after she does her stretches. Comma Use Use commas between a city and state in an address Example: Nancy Drew 124 Clue Street Rome, Georgia 30165 Use commas when you are using quotation marks to show dialogue Example: “I need to borrow your scissors,” said Natalie. Subject verb agreement You must make sure that your subjects and verbs agree. If you have a singular subject, your present tense verb will often end with an –s. If you have a plural subject, your present tense verb will not have an –s. Examples: Susan jogs home every day. They like ice cream. Prefixes and Suffixes Pronoun-antecedent agreement When you replace nouns with pronouns, you need to make sure that they agree. Example: Susan and Mike rode home with their grandmother. You can replace Susan and Mike with the pronoun they. They rode home with their grandmother. Remember, a root or base word is the original word you start with. You can add a prefix at the beginning of a root word to change its meaning. The examples below show the prefix in bold, the root word underlined. Examples: unreal, pretest, reheat A suffix can be added at the end of a root word to change its meaning. The examples below show the root word underlined, and the suffix in bold. Examples: sickness, delightful, painter