Download Which of the following is an environmental factor that affects natural

Which of the following is an environmental
factor that affects natural selection?
1. selective breeding
by humans
2. random events
3. classification of
organisms
4. available food
sources
58%
21%
13%
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..
8%
How do scientists explain the biodiversity found on
the planet today? Numerous species have been
created by
1. individual organisms
finding new ways to live.
2. adaptations of populations
to differing environments.
3. a series of mutations
leading to a known
outcome.
4. an asteroid hitting Earth
carrying organisms from
another planet.
63%
17%
8%
hi
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..
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.
...
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ua
l
vid
in
di
13%
When does natural selection occur
most rapidly in nature?
52%
28%
ut
at
em
th
he
n
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ch
th
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w
...
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. ..
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ge
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n
8%
i..
.
d.
..
12%
w
1. when genetic diversity
is at its lowest rate
2. when the species are
most closely related to
one another.
3. when changes to the
environment occur.
4. when the mutation
rates slows or nearly
stops.
How would a cooling climate affect
species in an ecosystem?
50%
30%
20%
.
in
di
vid
ua
l
ev
sn
cie
sp
e
sw
cie
sp
e
sm
i..
...
ou
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e.
..
sb
ua
l
vid
er
...
0%
in
di
1. individuals better able to
survive the cold would
become more numerous.
2. species would increase in
number to offset the
numbers killed by the cold.
3. species never before seen
would suddenly appear in
the ecosystem.
4. individuals might die off
but a species cannot
disappear.
Which of the following is the BEST example of a specific
adaptation for attracting mates within an animal population?
1. tough pads on the bottom
of wolf’s feet
2. similar coloration of male
and female red-tailed
hawks
3. larger body size and antler
development in bull elk
4. poor sense of smell in male
elephant seals
50%
41%
se
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ila
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si.
..
...
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o
pa
to
ug
h
of
.. .
5%
ra
. ..
5%
A rainforest has thousands of species of beetles. A
desert has a few hundred species of beetles. What
does the rainforest have more of?
Large predators
Biodiversity
Selective breeding
Sustainability
48%
26%
17%
y
ilit
in
ab
Su
st
a
Se
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rs
it y
Bi
od
i
or
...
pr
ed
at
ge
e.
..
9%
La
r
1.
2.
3.
4.
In a changing environment, which species will
have the best chance for survival?
64%
24%
12%
t..
.
th
e
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ew
it h
t..
.
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ew
it h
t..
.
it h
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on
th
e
on
ew
it h
t..
.
0%
th
e
1. the one with the
largest population
2. the one with the
smallest body size
3. the one with the
most genetic
variation
4. the one with the
smartest individuals
In his famous voyage on the Beagle, Darwin saw several species
of finch on the Galapagos Island that were not on the mainland.
What did he conclude?
14%
..
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.
Th
e
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l
ap
ag
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v
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..
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..
id
.. .
9%
os
.
4.
23%
ap
ag
3.
55%
Ga
l
2.
The Galapagos Islands had
sheltered the finches from the
harsh conditions found on the
mainland.
The species on the mainland
that had originally come to the
island were now extinct.
Islands provided much better
living conditions for finches so
many types came to them.
The Galapagos finches had
adapted to conditions on the
island to form new species
Th
e
1.
Which of the following would provide
geographic isolation for a squirrel population?
57%
i..
.
Di
ffe
r
en
tm
at
...
ca
A
13%
de
ep
e
ny
on
ff
oo
d
La
c
ko
of
t
th
13%
d.
..
re
e.
..
17%
Gr
ow
1. Growth of trees due
to excessive rain.
2. Lack of food due to
a harsh summer.
3. A canyon deepening
and widening.
4. Different mating
habits in squirrel
populations.
What happens when speciation has
occurred?
1. population balance is
achieved and change is no
longer occurring.
2. two groups in a species can
no longer interbreed
3. populations move away
from one another
4. species begin to pass on
acquired traits and change
behavior
48%
29%
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...
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.
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at
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..
10%
...
14%
Two populations of a species live in different locations for a long
time. When individuals from each population are re-introduced,
they no longer interbreed to form fertile young. Why?
38% 38%
25%
ap
...
..
r.
ad
lo
Th
ey
ha
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io
ra
Be
ha
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us
tk
no
w
. ..
sd
o.
..
0%
Th
ey
1. They must know each
other first.
2. The species do not
have similar genes any
more.
3. Behavioral or genetic
changes have occurred.
4. They have adapted
different ways of
rearing offspring.
Which is an example of organisms in
which speciation has occurred?
1. donkey/horse
2. bulldog/poodle
3. gray mouse/white
mouse
4. large cat/small cat
59%
36%
5%
t/
sm
al
...
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/p
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do
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ey
/
...
0%
Which of the following is an example
of selective breeding?
58%
32%
a.
..
...
ne
rr
er
in
t
ad
og
ow
w
ol
d
ac
br
e
ed
er
su
se
ou
...
el
kr
e
5%
t..
.
5%
am
al
1. a male elk rounds up a
herd of female elk
2. breeders use the same
male with desirable
qualities to breed many
females.
3. a cold winter reduces the
elk population to just a few
very strong individuals.
4. a dog owner raises several
litters of puppies with
mixed breeding.
How has corn changed from a small ear with a few
kernels into the large-eared multiple kernel form it has
today?
67%
21%
a.
..
nt
sh
pl
a
n
al
an
im
co
r
st
ha
te
ec
t..
na
t
ur
a
ls
el
av
e
sh
er
4%
.. .
.
s..
.
8%
fa
rm
1. farmers have selectively
bred corn for large ears
with many kernels
2. natural selection has
allowed the most hardy
corn plants to survive.
3. animals that eat corn have
scattered the corn seeds to
many new places.
4. corn plants have diverse
gene pools that contain
many variations.
What is the main difference between natural selection
and selective breeding? In selective breeding
1. humans allow nature to
control the reproduction of
species.
2. the strongest will survive
and have more offspring.
3. the organisms with the
most genetic variation will
reproduce.
4. humans choose plants or
animals for reproduction.
68%
21%
11%
...
se
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..
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..
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m
an
sa
ism
s.
..
0%
What do geologic and fossil records, DNA relationships,
structural similarities, homologous structures and
vestigial structures all provide?
1. evidence for
biological evolution
2. interesting
questions for study
3. proof that whales
once lived on land
4. data that shows
genetic diversity
74%
21%
ha
t
at
da
t
pr
o
of
th
a
tw
sh
ow
ha
. ..
...
0%
u.
..
gq
re
sti
n
in
te
ev
id
en
ce
fo
rb
. ..
5%
What do fossils of giant ferns in Canada
provide evidence for? North America
1. Was covered by
water
2. Was covered by ice
3. Had a colder climate
4. Had a tropical
climate
0%
ca
l
.. .
.. .
0%
at
Ha
d
Ha
d
ac
ol
ro
pi
de
rc
d
re
co
ve
W
as
W
as
co
ve
re
d
by
.. .
0%
by
.. .
0%
10
Countdown
What does the similarity of these structures
indicate about these organisms? They
1. Have a common
ancestor
2. All grow at different
rates
3. Evolved slowly
4. Do the same thing
...
th
e
D
o
th
e
sa
m
sl
lv
ed
Ev
o
w
gr
o
A
ll
0%
ow
i..
.
at
d
on
m
m
co
a
H
av
e
10
0%
ly
0%
..
.
0%
Countdown
What does the bones similarity at “A”
suggest? They are (a is at the joints)
1. Vestigial structures
2. Variable structures
3. Homologous
structures
4. Fossil structures
st
ru
c
tu
...
0%
Countdown
Fo
ss
il
st
r.
..
ol
H
om
10
0%
og
ou
s
st
ru
c
Va
r
ia
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ia
ls
tr
tig
Ve
s
0%
...
u.
..
0%
What would an analysis of the DNA
from these organisms would reveal?
1. Their DNA is
identical
2. that there are more
differences than
similarities.
3. many similarities.
4. the same number of
chromosomes.
be
...
nu
m
ila
e
m
sa
th
e
m
an
y
si
m
re
tt
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th
a
0%
ri
e.
..
ar
is
N
A
rD
Th
ei
10
0%
t.
..
0%
i. .
.
0%
Countdown
Which two species are most closely
related?
A and B
B and C
A and C
All are equally
related
.
l..
Countdown
Al
l
ar
e
A
eq
ua
l
an
d
C
d
an
B
an
d
0%
10
0%
C
0%
B
0%
A
1.
2.
3.
4.
What events may have triggered the
split of species A?
lo
in
a
ch
an
ge
ge
ch
an
10
th
...
...
0%
of
ca
n
a
si
gn
ifi
ca
n
ifi
si
gn
a
0%
t.
..
0%
t.
..
0%
a
1. a significant change in
the DNA of species A
2. a significant change in
the DNA of species B
and C
3. a change of location of
the population of B
4. a change in the diet of
the animals in species
A
Countdown
Genetic diversity is often provided by
which processes?
0%
.. .
po
pu
l
at
io
n
de
nd
om
ss
ifi
cla
ya
ca
t io
r. .
.
an
d
n
tio
ut
a
m
0%
n.
..
0%
n.
..
0%
di
ch
ot
1. mutation and
recombination
2. classification and
adaptation
3. dichotomy and
theory
4. population density
and size
10
Countdown
Which species have the greatest
possibility of rapid evolution?
iv
sl
sp
ec
ie
iv
sl
in
g.
..
0%
in
g.
..
0%
sp
ec
ie
it h
sp
e
cie
sw
it h
sw
cie
0%
l..
.
h.
..
0%
sp
e
1. species with high
genetic variability
2. species with low
genetic variability
3. species living in
areas of high
diversity
4. species living in
areas of low
diversity
10
Countdown
Occasionally a mutation produces a fish with a new
characteristic. What determines whether this fish will
be the beginning of a new species?
0%
m
.. .
m
fis
h
Th
e
tio
m
ut
a
Th
e
Th
e
fis
h
m
n
...
ns
tio
ut
a
m
0%
us
t.
..
0%
us
t.
..
0%
Th
e
1. The mutations must make
the fish very different from
other fish.
2. The fish must be able to
live in the usual
environment for that fish.
3. The mutation must provide
some type of an advantage
to the fish.
4. The fish must dominate the
other fish and reduce their
ability to reproduce.
10
Countdown
How does recombination affect
the genes passed to an offspring?
1. the genes are new and
different.
2. the genes are in
different combinations.
3. the genes are the same
4. The genes from the
mother mix with the
genes from the father
ar
e
fr
om
...
...
0%
es
ge
n
Th
e
th
e
ge
ne
s
ar
e
th
e
ge
ne
s
ar
e
s
ne
ge
th
e
10
0%
...
0%
...
0%
Countdown
How does recombination affect
evolution?
t.
..
10
it
in
cr
ea
se
s
in
cr
it
es
gi
v
it
0%
ea
se
s
e.
..
in
cr
fo
r
s
lo
w
al
0%
t.
..
0%
...
0%
it
1. it allows for
increased genetic
variation
2. it gives increases
the mutation rate.
3. it increases the
amount of asexual
reproduction
4. it increases the risk
of genetic disease
Countdown
The theory of evolution has advanced for over
100 years to its current rate of acceptance by
scientists. What has allowed this to happen?
c..
.
.. .
ha
s
en
ce
ev
id
n
ut
io
ev
ol
th
e
co
nt
r
cie
ov
e
ha
s
rs
...
nt
is t
s..
.
25% 25% 25% 25%
no
ns
1. non-scientists now
understand the theory.
2. the controversy
surround evolution has
disappeared.
3. evolution has been
proven beyond a
shadow of a doubt.
4. evidence has continued
to be collected
supporting the theory
10
Countdown
When will the theory of evolution
change?
ist
. ..
nt
w
ne
10
w
he
n
he
n
w
im
an
he
n
w
0%
sc
ie
po
ev
id
i..
.
ub
l
ep
th
he
n
0%
e.
..
0%
rt.
..
0%
w
1. when the public
votes to remove it
from schools
2. when an important
scientists decides it
is wrong
3. when new evidence
shows it is incorrect
4. when scientists get
tired of defending it.
Countdown
Why is evolution taught in science
classes?
0%
sc
ie
at
is
it
nt
ist
s
y.
..
be
l. .
.
0%
he
or
cu
rr.
.
it
is
th
e
de
v
as
w
0%
.
el
op
...
0%
10
it
1. it was developed to explain
the reasons life has
developed its current
forms.
2. it is the current scientific
theory that explains
change in organisms over
time.
3. it is a theory that some
evidence supports and
some evidence disproves.
4. scientists believe it.
Countdown
Which of the following is an
observation of the pictures?
...
im
an
is
m
b
e
th
e
o
o
ne
s
rg
an
o
o
tw
e
th
0%
s
i..
.
rg
an
s
is
m
rg
an
o
e
th
10
0%
..
.
0%
..
.
0%
th
1. the organisms have
similar body
structures
2. the two organisms
are related
3. the organisms can
both fly
4. the bones animals
had feathers
Countdown
Which of the following is an inference
based on the pictures?
0%
a.
..
ds
bi
r
od
er
n
m
fe
or
ga
n
is
m
et
of
e
s
...
th
e
ch
ae
op
te
ar
th
e
10
0%
a.
..
0%
...
0%
th
e
1. the archaeopteryx lived
millions of years before
the bird
2. the organisms have
similar body structures
3. the feet of each animal
have three toes
4. modern birds are
descendents of
archaeopteryx
Countdown
What observations did Darwin make after
observing the finches of the Galapagos Islands?
0%
e.
..
0%
ch
es
f in
th
e
yw
er
oo
ea
w
ll
ke
...
...
0%
ll l
ya
th
e
th
e
yh
ad
di
ffe
...
0%
th
e
1. they had different shaped
beaks that matched their
food sources
2. they all looked very much
like each other
3. they were all descended
from the original pair of
finches from the mainland.
4. the finches were content to
live on the islands
10
Countdown
What inference did Darwin make concerning the
finches of the Galapagos Islands?
0%
0%
0%
bo
d.
..
av
e
bi
rd
sh
as
th
e
yc
nt
ol
o
ty
p
ni
. ..
e.
..
0%
di
ffe
re
4.
...
3.
of
fs
pr
in
g
2.
the offspring of finches do not
resemble their parents and can
look quite different.
different types of finches came
from the mainland at different
times
as they colonized the islands
they adapted and evolved
different beak styles.
birds have body plans that
cannot be easily changed by the
environment.
th
e
1.
10
Countdown
What characteristic separates the Kingdom
Fungi from the Kingdom Plantae?
0%
a.
..
ls
el
nt
sc
Pl
a
re
nt
sa
Pl
a
nt
sc
m
el
ls
ul
e.
..
gr
re
nt
sa
Pl
a
0%
c. .
.
0%
...
0%
Pl
a
1. Plants are green and make
their own food, Fungi do
not.
2. Plants are multicellular,
Fungi are single-celled and
require sunlight.
3. Plants cells contain a
nucleus, Fungi do not.
4. Plants cells are visible
through a microscope,
Fungi are not.
10
Countdown
Would a mountain lion be considered more closely
related to a house cat or a wolf?
t,
t. .
.
ca
ou
se
ah
ou
se
he
f,
t
ol
aw
0%
t,
t. .
.
0%
ca
ya
yb
. ..
he
f,
t
ol
aw
0%
...
0%
ah
1. a wolf, they both live
outdoors in the wild
2. a wolf, they are both
large carnivores
3. a house cat, they are
both easy to
domesticate
4. a house cat, their body
structures are very
similar
10
Countdown
What characteristic classifies a grashopper in a
different category from a horse?
1. type of cells
2. place they live
3. ability to sense the
environment
4. presence of a
backbone
a.
..
of
pr
e
se
n
ce
to
ty
ab
ili
th
ce
pl
a
0%
se
iv.
..
ey
l
ce
of
ty
pe
0%
n.
..
0%
lls
0%
10
Countdown
If you found 5 unidentified invertebrate animals in a wetlands
ecosystem near your house, which of the following
characteristics would be MOST helpful and scientifically accurate
to include in a dichotomous key for these animals?
1. color of the animals
2. number and kind of
legs
3. size of the animals
4. specific location
they were found
t. .
.
0%
oc
a
cl
sp
ec
ifi
an
th
e
of
siz
e
an
d
ki
a.
..
nu
m
be
r
he
of
t
or
co
l
0%
...
0%
n.
..
0%
10
Countdown
Organisms that are the most alike in body structure,
reproductive processes and feeding patterns are most
likely to share what other relationship?
o.
..
ty
t
vo
l
ab
th
e
ila
im
ili
re
ab
on
om
m
ac
0%
...
0%
ili
or
fo
u.
..
e
hr
e
at
0%
...
0%
as
1. a three or four
chambered heart
2. a common ability to
live in water
3. a similar
evolutionary past
4. the ability to make
their own food
10
Countdown
Linneas recognized two kingdoms of living things, plants and
animals. Why do today’s classification systems now include six
kingdoms?
...
0%
nt
ist
s
to
d
kn
o.
..
Sc
ie
or
g
Ne
w
0%
nt
ist
s
an
ism
s.
no
. ..
id
ne
as
d
Lin
0%
..
0%
Sc
ie
1. Linneas did not study living
things carefully enough.
2. New organisms have
evolved on Earth.
3. Scientists know more
about living things today
than Linneas did.
4. Scientists today have come
to the final answer on the
number of kingdoms.
10
Countdown
Why did Linneas not identify the
Kingdoms Monera and Protista?
0%
M
on
e
ra
an
d
om
Pr
o
...
s..
.
0%
in
gd
ek
Th
es
He
d
id
no
th
no
tf
id
0%
av
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d
1. He did not feel they were
important enough for a
kingdom.
2. He did not have a
microscope to see that
they existed.
3. These kingdoms have
characteristics of non-living
things.
4. Monera and Protista have
reproduced rapidly and are
more numerous now.
10
Countdown
What must happened for this system of classification to
be accepted by the scientific community?
In 1990, Carl Woese put forth a classification scheme that
greatly overhauled previous classification schemes. The threedomain system he proposed is based on molecular biology
studies, and resulted in the placement of organisms into three
domains.
* Bacteria
* Archaea
* Eukarya
0%
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Fu
1. Further research
and scientific
debate
2. Woese must win the
Nobel Prize.
3. Scientists must vote
on it at an
important meeting.
4. More people have
to understand it.
Countdown
The Woese classification scheme is based on genetic similarity
between the rRNA in the cells of the organisms. How could the
study of rRNA establish a relationship between organisms? It
would
In 1990, Carl Woese put forth a classification scheme that greatly
1. discover the origin of living
overhauled previous classification schemes. The three-domain
system he proposed is based on molecular biology studies, and
resulted in the placement of organisms into three domains.
things.
2. show that rRNA is more
* Bacteria
important in heredity than
* Archaea
* Eukarya
DNA.
3. indicate that everything
scientists have done so far
is not correct.
4. show how alike organisms
are at the cellular level
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..
0%
Countdown