Download This page is about word formation patterns and prefixes

YAŞAR UNIVERSITY SoFL
2014-15 / TRACK 3
SPEAK OUT / UPPER-INTERMEDIATE
WORD FORMATION / UNITS 1 – 10
This page is about word formation patterns and prefixes and suffixes. Read this page
and do the exercises.
Sentence Patterns
Dogs sleep.
S (subject) V (verb)
Dogs eat cats.
S (subject) V (verb) O (Object)
Subjects and objects are nouns (N). You can have a/the/my/etc. and adjectives (adj)
with subjects and objects. After a/the/my/etc. there is always a noun.
a. The hungry dog eats my cats.
S (the adj N) V O (my N).
b. Hungry babies cry.
S (adj N) V.
c. Men watch scary films.
S (N) V O (adj N).
Verbs are after subjects. In SVO sentences, verbs are always after the helping verbs
don’t, didn’t, be going to, likely to and used to, and the modal verbs will, might, could,
must, have to, should, would, can.
a. I don’t know the answer.
S V (don’t V) O (the N)
b. You should do your homework.
S V (should V) O (your N)
c. I will sing “I will always love you”.
S V (will V) O (N)
After “copular verbs” (CV) such as Be, Look, Feel, Taste, Smell, Sound, you should
use an adjective if there is not a noun:
a. That sounds good.
S CV ADJ.
b. The food tastes disgusting.
S (the N) CV ADJ.
c. He looks happy.
S CV ADJ.
Adverbs (adv) can come after the SVO, before the sentence and can come between the
subject and the verb.
YAŞAR UNIVERSITY SoFL
2014-15 / TRACK 3
SPEAK OUT / UPPER-INTERMEDIATE
WORD FORMATION / UNITS 1 – 10
a. The dog ate the delicious food slowly.
S (the N) V O (the adj N) adv.
b. Unfortunately, everybody hated the food.
Adv, S V O (the N).
c. I carefully listened to my teacher.
S adv V O (to my N)
Prepositions are always followed by noun phrases.
a. The keys are on the table.
S V PR O (the N)
b. She is good at singing.
S V ADJ PR O (N)
c. Because of her holiday, Tugba was tanned.
ADV PR N, S CV ADJ
When by and that start dependent clauses, they are preceded by adjectives.
a. Impressed by his car, she agreed to go on a date.
ADJ BY N, S V O
b. Sure that he was the one, she accepted.
ADJ THAT S V O, S V.
Final Information - Prefixes and Suffixes
-er – Person Noun
At the end of a verb, -er often means a person noun. For example, attacker, organiser,
promoter. Look at your exercises / word formation list, find other –er person nouns.
un- and in- Negative Adjective
At the beginning of an adjective or adverb, un- and in- have negative meanings. For
example, inescapable, uncommunicative, unreliable. Look at your exercises / word
formation list, find other un- and in- negative adjectives.
-ly Adverb Ending
At the end of an adjective, -ly makes the word an adverb. For example,
communicatively, argumentatively, reliably. Look at your exercises / word formation
list and find other –ly adverbs.
-ment, –tion and –ence Noun Ending
YAŞAR UNIVERSITY SoFL
2014-15 / TRACK 3
SPEAK OUT / UPPER-INTERMEDIATE
WORD FORMATION / UNITS 1 – 10
At the end of a verb, -ment, –tion and –ence / -ance make the verb a noun. For
example, inheritance, communication, argument. Look at your exercises / word
formation list and find other –ment and –tion nouns.
-able / -ible Adjective Ending
At the end of a verb, -able / -ible make the verb an adjective. This adjective is about
ability, something you can do. For example, He is reliable means you can rely on
him. Look at your exercises / word formation list and find other –able / -ible
adjectives.
dis- Negative Verb
At the beginning of a verb, the prefix dis- has a negative meaning. For example,
discourage is the negative form of encourage. This prefix also applies to the adjective
form. Look at your exercises / word formation list and find other –dis verbs.
-ive Adjective Ending
At the end of a verb, the suffix –ive makes the word an adjective. For example,
impressive. Look at your exercises / word formation list and find other –ive
adjectives.
Unit 1
1. It is very ____________ (verb / noun / adjective /
adverb) when you cannot find an answer to a question.
2. There is a feeling of ____________ (verb / noun /
adjective / adverb) in the air. People want something to
change.
3. Can you please help the ____________ (verb / noun /
adjective / adverb) woman who is standing over there?
She’s been waiting for an hour for someone to assist her.
4. Laziness and inattentiveness are two qualities which
____________ (verb / noun / adjective / adverb) me.
5. ____________ (verb / noun / adjective / adverb), the
shop had closed before Nuray had the chance to buy the
dress.
6. ____________ (verb / noun / adjective / adverb) is a
difficult thing for people to live with.
7. It is horrible when you ____________ (verb / noun /
adjective / adverb) your parents.
8. The film was very ____________ (verb / noun / adjective
/ adverb). I had expected it to be better.
Roots
FRUSTRATE
DISAPPOINT
YAŞAR UNIVERSITY SoFL
2014-15 / TRACK 3
SPEAK OUT / UPPER-INTERMEDIATE
WORD FORMATION / UNITS 1 – 10
9. After the exam, Meral was very ____________ (verb /
noun / adjective / adverb) because she couldn’t
concentrate.
10. Fast food doesn’t ____________ (verb / noun / adjective
/ adverb) me. I always feel hungry after I’ve eaten it.
11. It was very ____________ (verb / noun / adjective /
adverb) when my daughter passed all of her exams and
went to university. I was really happy for her.
12. I don’t get any ____________ (verb / noun / adjective /
adverb) from my job. It’s really boring.
13. If you are a waiter, it is really important to have
____________ (verb / noun / adjective / adverb)
customers so that you will earn more money.
14. The job of parents is to ____________ (verb / noun /
adjective / adverb) their children.
15. I nearly died of ____________ (verb / noun / adjective /
adverb) when I fell off my chair in the classroom.
16. Baki gets ____________ (verb / noun / adjective /
adverb) easily. He is always going red.
17. ____________ (verb / noun / adjective / adverb) for
Basak, there was a hole in her skirt when she went up on
stage to collect her award.
18. Velittin survived the ____________ (verb / noun /
adjective / adverb) situation of getting locked in the
toilets.
19. Berktug’s knowledge of his subject is ____________ (verb
/ noun / adjective / adverb). He knows everything
about sport!
20. I wanted to ____________ (verb / noun / adjective /
adverb) my girlfriend’s mother, so I bought her flowers
when I first met her.
21. At a job interview, it is important to make a good
____________ (verb / noun / adjective / adverb) if you
want to get the job.
22. Dilan was ____________ (verb / noun / adjective /
adverb) by the art exhibition in Istanbul.
Unit 2
23. Gozde is the police’s main ____________ (verb / noun /
adjective / adverb). She is the person that they think
most likely committed the crime.
24. Jamie was arrested in Glasgow because he was acting
____________ (verb / noun / adjective / adverb) outside
of a shop.
SATISFY
EMBARRASS
IMPRESS
SUSPECT
YAŞAR UNIVERSITY SoFL
2014-15 / TRACK 3
SPEAK OUT / UPPER-INTERMEDIATE
WORD FORMATION / UNITS 1 – 10
25. The police ____________ (verb / noun / adjective /
adverb) everybody until they know that they are
innocent.
26. I have a ____________ (verb / noun / adjective / adverb)
that Isinsu ate my cake.
27. Walking up and down outside of a bank for 30 minutes
is very ____________ (verb / noun / adjective / adverb)
behaviour.
28. Kaan is not very interesting but he is ____________ (verb
/ noun / adjective / adverb). He never hurts anybody.
29. I don’t want to cause ____________ (verb / noun /
adjective / adverb), but I think your skirt is horrible.
30. Melis got drunk last night and acted very ____________
(verb / noun / adjective / adverb) towards her friends
in the bar. They are angry with her today.
31. You shouldn’t have been so ____________ (verb / noun /
adjective / adverb) last night! You hurt many people.
32. Often people who ____________ (verb / noun / adjective
/ adverb) other people, do not realise what they have
done.
33. Metin can’t stand Necla because he thinks she always
talks ____________ (verb / noun / adjective / adverb)
about subjects she knows nothing about.
34. There is no ____________ (verb / noun / adjective /
adverb) for being late to class. The classes have always
started at the same time and always will.
35. I tried to quickly ____________ (verb / noun / adjective
/ adverb) my opinion with different reasons because I
didn’t want to offend my boss.
36. My teacher shouted at me ____________ (verb / noun /
adjective / adverb). I hadn’t done anything wrong.
37. Your opinion is ____________ (verb / noun / adjective /
adverb). There is no research that supports your view.
38. Izel is ____________ (verb / noun / adjective / adverb)
worried about her job. The company has lost a lot of
money and is firing many people.
39. If an employer wants to fire an employee, he must give
____________ (verb / noun / adjective / adverb)
reasons.
Unit 3
40. Lola had her baby taken away from her because of
____________ (verb / noun / adjective / adverb).
OFFEND
JUSTIFY
NEGLECT
YAŞAR UNIVERSITY SoFL
2014-15 / TRACK 3
SPEAK OUT / UPPER-INTERMEDIATE
WORD FORMATION / UNITS 1 – 10
41. Onur was not ____________ (verb / noun / adjective /
adverb). He had thought about everything.
42. Ozan wants to buy the very ____________ (verb / noun /
adjective / adverb) house at the end of his street because
he thinks it will be cheap.
43. Many people ____________ (verb / noun / adjective /
adverb) to take care of their diet properly and become
obese.
Unit 4
44. What is the ____________ (verb / noun / adjective /
adverb) behind Ozgun’s work?
45. I find people who overcome obstacles ____________
(verb / noun / adjective / adverb).
46. If I can ____________ (verb / noun / adjective / adverb)
one person to improve their life, I will be happy.
47. ____________ (verb / noun / adjective / adverb) by
nature, Sezgi painted many pictures of mountains and
oceans.
48. After her operation, Seyma was ____________ (verb /
noun / adjective / adverb). She looked like a different
person.
49. I don’t want to wear a lot of make-up at my wedding
because I want my husband to ____________ (verb /
noun / adjective / adverb) me when he sees me.
50. Kubra was ____________ (verb / noun / adjective /
adverb) sunburnt. She was extremely red and her skin
was peeling.
51. Tunay is such a bad cook that his food is always burnt
beyond ____________ (verb / noun / adjective /
adverb). You always have to guess what you are eating.
52. It is ____________ (verb / noun / adjective / adverb)
that Tansu worked hard for the exam. Her writing has
improved a lot.
Unit 5
53. An unhappy couple fights ____________ (verb / noun /
adjective / adverb) and gains nothing from their
arguments.
54. Earthquakes can be very ____________ (verb / noun /
adjective / adverb).
55. It was very upsetting to see the ____________ (verb /
noun / adjective / adverb) of their house after the fire.
INSPIRE
RECOGNISE
DESTROY
YAŞAR UNIVERSITY SoFL
2014-15 / TRACK 3
SPEAK OUT / UPPER-INTERMEDIATE
WORD FORMATION / UNITS 1 – 10
56. I don’t want to ____________ (verb / noun / adjective /
adverb) all of your dreams and hopes but that is a
terrible idea.
57. My favourite ____________ (verb / noun / adjective /
adverb) of all time is James Dyson, because his vacuum
cleaners do not lose suction.
58. Companies in the UK would not support James Dyson’s
____________ (verb / noun / adjective / adverb) at first
because they thought nobody would buy it.
59. Yesim is not very ____________ (verb / noun / adjective
/ adverb) and always has the same idea.
60. Every year, people ____________ (verb / noun /
adjective / adverb) many things that are never used by
other people.
Unit 6
61. Bahadir was really happy with his birthday present and
thanked his mother ____________ (verb / noun /
adjective / adverb).
62. Sometimes it can be difficult to buy presents for little
children because when they don’t like something, they
are very ____________ (verb / noun / adjective /
adverb) and rude.
63. Sude is always ____________ (verb / noun / adjective /
adverb) of help with her homework because sometimes
she has problems understanding the exercises.
64. If you would like to show your ____________ (verb /
noun / adjective / adverb) for these sentences, please
bring some chocolate to 201.
65. My mother-in-law likes to clean my house and whilst I
____________ (verb / noun / adjective / adverb) her
effort, I would prefer her not to interfere with my
personal space.
66. When my teacher says bad things about my work, I find
it very ____________ (verb / noun / adjective / adverb)
and I don’t want to do any extra work.
67. Ceren thanked Sila for her ____________ (verb / noun /
adjective / adverb) over the years.
68. I hate it when my parents ____________ (verb / noun /
adjective / adverb) me and say that my ideas are bad. I
want them to motivate me.
69. It’s fun to ____________ (verb / noun / adjective /
adverb) birds to copy humans and learn how to speak.
INVENT
APPRECIATE
ENCOURAGE
YAŞAR UNIVERSITY SoFL
2014-15 / TRACK 3
SPEAK OUT / UPPER-INTERMEDIATE
WORD FORMATION / UNITS 1 – 10
70. “Come on, come on, you can do it!” shouted Simge
____________ (verb / noun / adjective / adverb).
71. When I played the piano on the stage for the first time, it
was ____________ (verb / noun / adjective / adverb) to
see the friendly faces of my classmates in the audience. I
felt much more relaxed.
72. Jerfi hates it when people give him ____________ (verb /
noun / adjective / adverb) when he hasn’t asked for it.
He wishes people would leave him alone.
73. It is ____________ (verb / noun / adjective / adverb) to
go swimming in the winter. You might catch
pneumonia.
74. I normally ____________ (verb / noun / adjective /
adverb) against studying the hour before the exam
because it can confuse you.
75. At university, my careers ____________ (verb / noun /
adjective / adverb) told me to pursue a career in nursing.
76. It’s ____________ (verb / noun / adjective / adverb) to
put on suncream when you are at the beach so you do
not get sunburnt.
77. It is impossible for a child to ____________ (verb / noun
/ adjective / adverb) without toys and stimulus.
78. Gonenc has a ____________ (verb / noun / adjective /
adverb) appreciation of art. He is starting to like going
to art galleries.
79. In order to succeed, companies have to aim for
____________ (verb / noun / adjective / adverb) in all of
their departments.
80. In IVF treatment, doctors put the ____________ (verb /
noun / adjective / adverb) foetuses into the mother’s
womb. They do not use the foetuses which haven’t
grown.
81. Renc has an ____________ (verb / noun / adjective /
adverb) sense of smell. He can’t even smell it when
something is burning.
Unit 7
82. Umit accepts everything that everybody says
____________ (verb / noun / adjective / adverb). He
never questions anything.
83. Damla’s restaurant had to close down after the
____________ (verb / noun / adjective / adverb) wrote
damaging things about it in the newspaper.
ADVISE
DEVELOP
CRITICISE
YAŞAR UNIVERSITY SoFL
2014-15 / TRACK 3
SPEAK OUT / UPPER-INTERMEDIATE
WORD FORMATION / UNITS 1 – 10
84. You shouldn’t ____________ (verb / noun / adjective /
adverb) people if you don’t have a constructive comment
for them.
85. Alican is a very ____________ (verb / noun / adjective /
adverb) boss. He never says anything good about my
work and always finds mistakes.
86. Batuhan cannot take ____________ (verb / noun /
adjective / adverb) from anybody. He always gets really
angry and claims that he is the best.
87. After the flood, the building engineer ____________ (verb
/ noun / adjective / adverb) surveyed the house and
said that it would cost 100,000 TL to repair the damage.
88. Because teachers tell students what to think throughout
high school, they start university with very ____________
(verb / noun / adjective / adverb) minds.
Unit 8
89. Many artists ____________ (verb / noun / adjective /
COLLABORATE
adverb) on projects together.
90. Cem always wants to work ____________ (verb / noun /
adjective / adverb) in class because he is lazy and does
not want to do a lot of work.
91. This is a/an ____________ (verb / noun / adjective /
adverb) piece of work. We did it together.
92. It’s a great honour to work in ____________ (verb / noun
/ adjective / adverb) with people who are the top of
their fields.
93. This is a/an ____________ (verb / noun / adjective /
adverb) piece of work. I did it myself.
94. Many people are ____________ (verb / noun / adjective
ASSERT
/ adverb) when they meet new people because they are
shy. They never push or shout so that people see them.
95. It’s a good quality to be ____________ (verb / noun /
adjective / adverb) because it allows you to get things
done more efficiently. However, you have to be careful
not to be rude.
96. At the start of a year, students try to ____________ (verb
/ noun / adjective / adverb) themselves and become the
most popular student in the class.
97. “I’ll do that!” Dilara said ____________ (verb / noun /
adjective / adverb).
98. I dislike the ____________ (verb / noun / adjective /
adverb) that learning English is easy.
Unit 9
YAŞAR UNIVERSITY SoFL
2014-15 / TRACK 3
SPEAK OUT / UPPER-INTERMEDIATE
WORD FORMATION / UNITS 1 – 10
99. The telephone box in Dr. Who is ____________ (verb /
noun / adjective / adverb) big. It looks very small on
the outside, but is huge on the inside.
100.
“I’m tired of your lying and ____________ (verb /
noun / adjective / adverb). I want a divorce.” said Cenk
tearfully to his wife.
101.
Professional conmen ____________ (verb / noun /
adjective / adverb) people in order to earn money.
102.
The weather can often be ____________ (verb /
noun / adjective / adverb). Sometimes it looks really
hot, but it is in fact cold.
103.
“Don’t look at me so ____________ (verb / noun /
adjective / adverb)! I didn’t take it,” asserted Orcun.
104.
With an ____________ (verb / noun / adjective /
adverb) look, she walked out of the room.
105.
The English ____________ (verb / noun /
adjective / adverb) the Scottish of only eating fried food.
106.
Ecem was upset by the ____________ (verb / noun
/ adjective / adverb) that she had cheated.
107.
“I’m happy to look after your children for the
weekend,” said Rojin. “To be honest, I’d be grateful for
the ____________ (verb / noun / adjective / adverb).”
108.
“Don’t ____________ (verb / noun / adjective /
adverb) the other students!” said the teacher to the class.
109.
Your success is the most important thing, so don’t
allow yourself to be ____________ (verb / noun /
adjective / adverb) by others who are not as
hardworking as you.
110.
He ____________ (verb / noun / adjective /
adverb) adjusted his glasses whilst talking to the pretty
customer.
Unit 10
111.
Melis tried to prove her innocence to the judge,
but the judge remained ____________ (verb / noun /
adjective / adverb) and sentenced her to ten years in
prison.
112.
The actress on stage portrayed her character very
____________ (verb / noun / adjective / adverb). I
really believed in her acting.
113.
If you want more money, you will have to
____________ (verb / noun / adjective / adverb) me that
you deserve it.
DECEIVE
ACCUSE
DISTRACT
CONVINCE
YAŞAR UNIVERSITY SoFL
2014-15 / TRACK 3
SPEAK OUT / UPPER-INTERMEDIATE
WORD FORMATION / UNITS 1 – 10
114.
Halil said that he was a good businessman but his
attempt at doing the accounts was ____________ (verb /
noun / adjective / adverb) and I don’t think he is a good
businessman.
115.
“Ummmm…..Yes….I like…..your dress,” she said
____________ (verb / noun / adjective / adverb).
116.
In real life, Ceylan was an unskilled waitress.
However, she was so ____________ (verb / noun /
adjective / adverb) as a doctor, that many people paid
her lots of money to cure them.
117.
____________ (verb / noun / adjective / adverb)
by their ID cards that the girls were 18, the doorman let
the girls into the club.
118.
Baby animals start life looking really cute in order
to ____________ (verb / noun / adjective / adverb) other
animals into caring for them.
119.
Ece realised that her boyfriend was a huge
____________ (verb / noun / adjective / adverb) and
decided to break up with him.
120.
____________ (verb / noun / adjective / adverb)
people often get what they want all the time.
121.
____________ (verb / noun / adjective / adverb)
of the spine and the neck can be extremely dangerous.
MANIPULATE