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LEVEL TWO BIOLOGY: CELLULAR BIOLOGY •Cell structure •Cell processes •Transport •Enzymes Cell Structure: I can describe the difference between unicellular and multicellular organisms. I can describe the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. I can show that I understand how the cells of different organisms differ by describing animal, plant and bacteria cells. I can give the main function, size and location of all the major organelles in animal, plant and bacteria cells including: flagella mitochondria cilia ribosomes cytoplasm nucleus chloroplast nucleolus lysosomes endoplasmic reticulum vesicles golgi apparatus vacuoles cell wall cytoskeleton cell membrane I can show that I understand the functions of the above organelles by discussing why organelles may vary in size and number depending on the location in the organism. © Copyright StudyTime 2015 I can state which organelles in a cell complete the processes of: photosynthesis, respiration, endocytosis, exocytosis, DNA replication and cell division. I can discuss the structure of mitochondria, chloroplasts, endoplasmic reticulum and cell membranes and link the structure to the processes they carry out. Cell Processes: I can briefly describe the processes of: respiration, photosynthesis, endocytosis, exocytosis, DNA replication and cell division. I can link the above cell processes together by discussing how one process allows another process to occur. I can discuss why cells have evolved to carry out these processes by explaining the products of each process and why they are necessary or advantageous. I can show that I understand that respiration and photosynthesis are chemical reactions by giving the chemical and word equations for these processes. I can show that I understand the cell cycle by explaining the importance of DNA replication and mitosis in the cell cycle. I can show that I understand the difference between mitosis and meiosis by describing the steps and products of each process and where they occur in the body. I can describe the difference between sexual and asexual reproduction by using terms including ‘mitosis’, ‘meiosis’, ‘fusion’, ‘genetically identical’ and ‘unique’. © Copyright StudyTime 2015 Transport: I can show that I understand active and passive transport by describing the difference between the two processes. I understand what a concentration gradient is and can link the build-up of a concentration gradient to active transport. I can show that I understand osmosis and diffusion by describing the difference between the two processes. I understand what a semi-permeable membrane is and can describe why semi-permeable membranes are important in osmosis and diffusion by linking these processes to passive transport. I can describe the role of ATP in transport mechanisms. I can show that I understand the role of vesicles, exocytosis and endocytosis in transport mechanisms by describing how they allow transport. I can show that I understand the roles of different transport mechanisms by discussing where in an organism osmosis, diffusion and active transport may occur and why. Enzymes: I can give a definition of an enzyme by describing its role as a biological catalyst. I can show that I understand the importance of enzymes by giving examples of their roles in cellular processes such as DNA replication and cell division. I can show that I understand the terms ‘active site’ and ‘substrate’ by using these terms to discuss the lock and key and induced fit mechanisms of enzyme reactions. © Copyright StudyTime 2015 I can show that I understand the advantages of the lock and key and induced fit mechanisms by giving reasons for why each mechanism is used in different parts of an organism. I can show that I understand the term ‘rate of collision’ by describing why the rate of collision is important in biological reactions. I can explain why the following factors would affect collision rate: temperature pH substrate concentration I can show that I understand co-enzymes and enzyme poisons by defining each and explaining how they affect collision rate. © Copyright StudyTime 2015
