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7th grade midterm study guide 2016
Hi, 7th grade! Your science midterm will have questions from chapter 1, the first two sections of chapter 2, and the first
two sections of chapter 3 in your Inside Earth textbook. Makes sure you can define the words in bold, understand the
figures, and summarize each section. The midterm will also ask you about the scientific method, scientific measurement,
scientific naming, the organism classification system (Remember King Philip came over from Germany swimming), and
food webs.) I have written some questions below to help you study.
If you have any questions or difficulties, please see me at lunch or after school or email me (ccing your parents) or ask
your parents to call me. You have learned a lot so far this year, and I am sure you will all do very well!
Completion
Complete each statement.
1. When continental plates pull apart at a divergent boundary on land, a(n) ____________________ forms.
2. The part of the mantle called the ____________________ is made of soft rock that bends like plastic.
3. In the asthenosphere, heat is transferred as soft rock flows slowly in cycles known as
_________________________.
4. Scientists known as ____________________ study the forces that shape Earth’s surface.
5. When you touch a hot plate, the transfer of heat from the plate to your hand is called
____________________.
6. The theory of _________________________ was that all the continents once were joined as a single
supercontinent and have since drifted apart.
7. To support his theory, Alfred Wegener provided evidence from ____________________, traces of ancient
organisms preserved in rock.
8. The energy from the sun that warms your face is transferred by a process called ____________________.
9. The process of _________________________ continually adds new crust to the ocean floor along both sides
of the mid-ocean ridge.
10. Two of Earth’s plates slip past each other, moving in opposite directions, along a ____________________
boundary.
11. Oceanic crust is made up mostly of an igneous rock called ____________________.
12. The longest mountain chain on Earth is the _________________________, most of which lies under the
ocean.
13. Subduction occurs where the oceanic crust bends down toward the mantle at a
_________________________.
14. The lithosphere is broken into sections called ____________________, which float on top of the
asthenosphere.
15. The formation of volcanoes and mountain ranges can be explained by the theory of
_________________________.
16. A continental plate collides with an oceanic plate at a(n) ____________________ boundary.
17. An ocean plate plunges beneath a trench and back into the mantle in a process known as
____________________.
18. Wegener believed that the continents had once been joined in one landmass called ____________________.
19. Scientists think that the ____________________, made of solid iron and nickel, spins to produce Earth’s
magnetic field.
20. Geologists learn about Earth’s interior by studying _________________________, which move through
Earth.
21. A change in the volume or shape of Earth’s crust is called ____________________.
22. The stress force that causes a mass of rock to pull or twist in opposite directions is called
____________________.
Short Answer
23. What is shearing?
24. What is compression force?
25.
After Christmas: How does a fault block mountain form?
26. After Christmas: What happens when friction between the opposite sides of a fault is high?
27. Forces that shape Earth’s surface by building up mountains and landmasses are called constructive or
destructive?
28. How do geologists observe Earth’s interior? Can they see it directly? How do they figure out the parts of the
earth?
29. What is the correct order (starting from the surface) of Earth’s layers?
30. Describe the Earth’s inner core.
31. What is radiation?
32. Heat transfer through fluid is called __________ currents
33. According to Wegener’s hypothesis of continental drift, how were the landmasses originally shaped?
34. What is Pangaea?
35. What technology did scientists use in the mid-1900s to map the mid-ocean ridge? What technology do they
use now in addition to that one?
36. What kind of rocks did scientists in a submersible see when they observed the mid-ocean ridge that helped
them realize that new material is being formed in the ocean?
37. What is subduction?
38. Old oceanic crust has become cooler with time. Does it become more dense or less dense? Does it sink or
rise?
39. How do convection currents cause the plates to move?
40. What are transform boundaries?
41. How does a rift valley form? What is happening to the plates?
42. What does “geo” mean?
43. Is the mantel molten metal or hot rock?
44. Which part of the earth spins to create the magnetic field around the earth?
45. What part of the Earth do the convection currents flow in?
46. What landform often forms by a collision between two pieces of continental lithosphere at a converging
boundary?
47. Where is the largest chain of mountains in the world?
48. What is a convergent boundary? What are the plates doing?
Use the diagram to answer each question.
49. Earth’s solid inner core spins inside the hot, molten metal of which layer?
50. The asthenosphere is part of which layer of Earth?
51. Pressure increases with depth toward the center of Earth. In which layer would you expect pressure to be the
greatest?
52. According to the theory of plate tectonics, on which layer of Earth do plates float?
53. Which layer of Earth is made up partly of crust and partly of mantle material?
54. Overall, which layer of Earth appears to be the thickest?
Use the diagram to answer each question.
55. Which type of plate boundary occurs at X?
56. What feature occurs at Y, and how does it form?
57. What is happening at Z?
58. Identify the three plates in the diagram and name the materials that make up each plate.
59. Which type of plate boundary occurs at Y?
60. What feature occurs at X and how does it form?
61. How fast do earth plates move? What part of the human body grows as fast as they move?
62. Could scientist discover the parts of the inside of the earth by finding them? Why or why not?
63. How did the earth form? What crashed together? What force brought them together?
64. Why is the inner core hot?
65. Which is more dense the crust or the mantle? What floats on what?
66. Which has more granite: The oceanic crust or the continental crust?
67. What is the formula for density?
68. Does heated gas take up more or less volume than cold gas?
69. Draw a convention cell. Why does magma rise when it is nearer to the core? Why does it fall as it spends
more time away from the core?
70. Can the same plate have both ocean crust and continental crust on it? (Remember the egg you drew on and
cracked.)
71. What is the ring of fire? Find it on the map in your book?
72. What is pahoehoe? It’s not santa!
73. Which US state is growing in landmass? How?
74. What is the difference between active, dormant, and extinct volcanoes?
75. What provides the force that pushes magma to the surface of the earth in a volcano?
76. What is lava called before it reaches earth’s surface?
77. Draw diverging plates.
78. Draw a diagram of subduction.
79. What happens to a crust after it is subducted?
80. What is silica made out of?
81. Compare and contrast obsidian rock and pumice? Howa do they look? How were they formed?
82. Does all lava move quickly? What makes some lava move quickly?
83. What happened at Pompeii? What is Mont Vesuvius?
84. What god are volcanos named after?
85. Why does the iron in some rocks face in different directions?
86. Give 3 pieces of evidence for sea floor spreading
87. Does everything with mass have gravity? Why doesn’t your pencil fly into your hand?
Use the diagram to answer each question.
88. Describe the rock layers shown in Diagram A and any forces acting on the rock.
89. In diagram B, which type of fault will form if the stress force continues? Explain.
90. What caused the rock layers to take on the shape shown in diagram C?
91. Contrast the plate movements that cause the stresses in diagrams B and C.
92. Will a normal fault result from the stresses being applied to the rock unit in diagram D? Explain.
93. Compare diagram B to diagram A. How is it different?
94. What are the two types of seismic waves?
95. What is the difference between P waves and S waves? How are they shaped? Which can move through fluid?
Which is faster?
96. What is an epicenter?
97. If a P wave and S wave arrive at the same spot near the same time is the earthquake far away or close?
98. Are earthquakes always big or do little earthquakes happen often?
99. Which US state is most at risk for big earthquakes? Why?
100. What techniques do engineers us to make buildings that stay safe during earthquakes>
Essay
101. Were Africa and South America ever joined? Cite evidence from a landform and fossil to support your
answer.
102 Compare and contrast the outer core and the inner core.
103. Compare and contrast what occurs when two oceanic plates collide, when two continental plates collide, and
when an oceanic and a continental plate collide.
104. List the levels of classification for organisms. (Think of King Phillip.)
105. In the classification of organisms, what kingdom does Harombe, the guerrilla, belong to, what kingdom do
roses belong to, what kingdom do you belong to?
106. What two levels of classification are used in scientific nomenclature (naming)
107. The owl that expelled the pellet you dissected is a Tyto alba. What is his genius? What is his
species?
108. What is in the owl’s food web?
109.What does the owl eat? What eats owls?
110. Put the steps of the scientific method in order: analyze the data, make a hypothesis, design an experiment,
gather background information, draw a conclusion, improve the experiment or suggest another (optional)
111. What is a hypothesis?
112. Which is better: a large sample size or small sample size?
113. Give an example of a virtue scientists need and explain why they need it.
114. I want to test fertilizer. I put one kind next to my oak tree in the sun and one kind next to my weeping willow
in the shade. My oak tree grows taller! That fertilizer is better! What is the mistake in my experimental
design?
115. List the metric prefixes in order. How many centimeters are in 10 kilometers?
116. What is the metric unit for length?
117. What is the metric unit for mass?
118. What is the metric unit for liquid volume?
7th grade midterm study guide 2016
Answer Section
COMPLETION
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
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21.
22.
rift valley
asthenosphere
convection currents
geologists
conduction
continental drift
fossils
radiation
sea-floor spreading
transform
basalt
mid-ocean ridge
deep-ocean trench
plates
plate tectonics
convergent
subduction
Pangaea
inner core
seismic waves
deformation
shearing
SHORT ANSWER
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
shearing.
compression
fault-blocr hak mountain.
The fault locks, and stress builds up until an earthquake occurs.
constructive forces.
by recording and studying seismic waves
crust, mantle, outer core, inner core
a dense ball of solid metal.
radiation.
convection currents.
the continents were once joined together in a single landmass.
the name of the supercontinent that existed millions of years ago
sonar
rocks formed by the eruption of molten material from Earth’s mantle
subduction.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
cool.
convection currents in the asthenosphere.
transform boundary.
diverge.
geologists.
earth
a layer of hot rock.
inner core.
asthenosphere.
mountain range.
the longest chain of mountains in the world.
convergent boundary.
the outer core
the mantle
the inner core
the asthenosphere
the lithosphere
the mantle
divergent
At Y, a deep-ocean trench is forming. Two plates of different densities are colliding. The oceanic crust is
denser and plunges beneath the continental crust, forming a trench.
The edge of plate B is plunging beneath plate C and melting in the mantle.
Plates A and B are made of oceanic crust and lithosphere. Plate C is made of continental crust and lithosphere.
convergent
At X, the mid-ocean ridge occurs along a boundary between two oceanic plates. The plates are moving
apart, causing molten material to repeatedly rise from the mantle, erupt, and harden as solid rock along the
center of the ridge.
about as fast as fingernails grow
No, too hot and too much pressure
Astroids. Gravity
see video and book
mantle
continental
D+M/V
more
Heat makes it less dense so it rises. Cold makes it more dense so it falls
Yes!
see book
see book
hawii. Volcanoes are adding to it
bk
Gasses disolved in magma
Magma
see book
book
book
Silicon and o
81.
82.
83.
84.
85.
86.
87.
88.
89.
90.
91.
92.
93.
94.
95.
96.
Book
book
volcano
Vulcan
The poles switched
bk
yes
Diagram A shows a section of rock that contains three different layers. All layers are parallel and are equal in
thickness. There are no forces being exerted on the rock layers.
A reverse fault will form. Compression will squeeze the rock until a fault occurs in which the rock forming
the hanging wall slides up and over the footwall.
tension
The compression in diagram B occurs when one plate pushes against another. The tension in diagram C
occurs when two plates move apart.
No, because the stresses being applied will not push the rock unit up or down but sideways. A strike-slip fault
rather than a normal fault will result.
Diagram B shows how compression affects rock layers, causing the layers to bulge in the center and occupy a
smaller horizontal area.
P and S
book
Book
ESSAY
97. Rock from a mountain range in Africa matches up with similar rock in South America, suggesting that the
two were once joined. A type of fossil plant has been found on both continents. The seedlike structures of this
plant could not have traveled the great distances now separating the continents. Therefore, it seems likely that
the two landmasses once were joined together.
98. According to the theory of continental drift, the continents once were joined together in a single landmass.
The continents have since moved slowly over Earth’s surface to their present positions. On a map, the
outlines of some present-day continents look as if the continents could fit together like pieces of a jigsaw
puzzle.
99. The outer core is hot, molten iron and nickel under extreme pressure. The outer core surrounds the inner core,
which occupies the center of Earth. The inner core is also iron and nickel and is also extremely hot. But
pressure within the inner core is so great that it remains a solid. The inner core spins inside the liquid outer
core. Scientists hypothesize that this movement causes Earth’s magnetic field.
100. When two oceanic plates collide, one bends and slides under the other, forming a trench. When two
continental plates collide, they squeeze the crust upward into mountain ranges. When an oceanic and a
continental plate collide, the oceanic plate slides beneath the continental plate. The oceanic plate begins to
melt as it sinks back into the mantle. This melting forms magma, which then may erupt through the
continental plate as volcanoes.