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QUALITY AND TECHNOLOGY quality of the HARMONIC PROBLEMS POLYLUX has developed a series of electromagnetic filters for the elimination of harmonics named ‘Compensators’. These equipments are based on the cancellation and compensation of magnetic fluxes The main advantage of the Compensator is the absence of electronic components and capacitors. The Compensators are therefore maintenance free, have an extremely long lifetime compared with other types of filters and are compatible with any electrical installation HARMONIC PROBLEMS IN OFFICE BUILDINGS Computer equipment in office buildings generate elevated levels of harmonics which cause important problems in the electrical installation 3rd, 5th, 7th, 9th 3rd, 5th, 7th, 9th L1 L2 L3 N 3rd, 9th UPS Distribution panel Computer equipment The triplen harmonics (3rd, 9th...) are especially harmful as these sum in the neutral conductor and generate a high neutral current causing serious failures and damages in the installation Phase current Neutral current HARMONIC PROBLEMS IN OFFICE BUILDINGS UPS 3rd, 5th, 7th, 9th Distribution panel 3rd, 5th, 7th, 9th Computer equipment L1 L2 L3 3rd, 9th N Why such a high neutral current? Phase Currents L1 L2 L3 H3 L1 H3 L2 H3 L3 Neutral Current The neutral current is the sum of all phase currents L1+L2+L3 There is a 120º phase shift between fundamental currents, the sum in the neutral is therefore practically zero in a balanced system There is no phase shift between the 3rd harmonic currents therefore in the neutral you get the sum of all 3rd harmonic currents L1+L2+L3 H3 L1+L2+L3 Neutral current can be higher than the phase current. For example, having fundamental 100A and 3rd harmonic 60A in each phase, you will have 180A 3rd harmonic in the neutral HARMONIC PROBLEMS IN OFFICE BUILDINGS PROBLEMS CAUSES •Malfunctioning and failure in computer equipment •Low quality electrical energy. Elevated harmonic voltage distortion •Overheating of neutral conductors •Elevated neutral – earth voltage •Low efficiency and overheating of UPS, transformers and cables of the installation •High harmonic distortion in the current •Tripping of protections without apparent reason •Interferences in communication networks •Incremented power consumption •Excessive levels of 3rd and 9th harmonics in the neutral conductor •Elevated true RMS current in the phases •Low power factor due to harmonics •Elevated losses in the electrical installation HARMONIC HARMONICPROBLEMS PROBLEMSININ OFFICE OFFICE BUILDINGS BUILINGS COMPENSATOR C10D + C20D Elimination of the 3rd, 9th, 15th The C20D Compensator provides a very good cost-filtering relation. It gives a strong reduction of the triplen harmonics and eliminates the harmonic overload in the neutral conductor and the high neutral – earth voltage Distribution panel 5th, 7th 3rd, 5th, 7th, 9th, 15th L1 L2 L3 UPS Phase current Impedance Adapter C10D Neutral current 3rd, 9th, 15th N Compensator C20D Computer equipment The C20D Compensator has to be installed with the C10D Impedance Adapter to obtain the most optimised filtering HARMONIC PROBLEMS IN OFFICE BUILDINGS COMPENSATOR C10D + C20D Elimination of the 3rd, 9th, 15th harmonic FILTERING RESULTS: Reduction of the neutral current and neutral – earth voltage up to 75% Reduction of phase currents up to 15% Reduction of voltage and current distortion up to 45% Obtain power factor up to 0,80 HARMONIC HARMONICPROBLEMS PROBLEMSININ OFFICE OFFICE BUILDINGS BUILINGS COMPENSATOR C10D+C20D AND C22D+C10D L1 Elimination of harmonic 3, 5, 7, 9, 15, 17, 19 Impedance Compensator 3rd, 5th, 7th, 9th, 15th Adapter C10D C22D -5th, -7th The C22D Compensator offers elevated filtering of the 3rd, 5th, 7th, 9th, 15th, 17th, 19th harmonics, solving all problems caused by harmonics. The C22D+C10D is used in combination with the C20D + C10D, each of these supplies 50% of the load to be filtered UPS Distribution panel L2 L3 N 3rd, 5th, 7th, 9th, 15th 5th, 7th Impedance Adapter C10D Computer equip. 50% load The C20D and C22D have to be installed with C10D Impedance Adapters for optimised filtering Phase current Neutral current Compensator C20D Computer equip. 50% load HARMONIC PROBLEMS IN OFFICE BUILDINGS COMPENSATOR C10D+C20D AND C22D Elimination of harmonic 3, 5, 7, 9, 15, 17, 19 FILTERING RESULTS: Reduction of the neutral current and neutral – earth voltage up to 80% Reduction of phase currents up to 40% Reduction of voltage and current distortion up to 75% Obtain power factor up to 0,95 HARMONIC PROBLEMS IN OFFICE BUILDINGS COMPENSATOR C25D Elimination of the 3rd, 9th, 15th The C25D Compensator is totally eliminating the triplen harmonics (3rd, 9th, 15th), avoiding any type of overload in the neutral as well as a harmonic high neutral-earth voltage produced by harmonics Distribution panel 5th, 7th 3rd, 5th, 7th, 9th, 15th L1 L2 L3 N UPS Compensator C25D Computer equipment Phase current Neutral current Thanks to its galvanic isolation, the C25D Compensator represents the ideal solution in case of a high level of 3rd harmonic voltage. Additional advantages are: reduction of the electromagnetic disturbances coming from the supply network, optional voltage adaptation and the possibility to use independent earths as the neutral is isolated from the mains HARMONIC PROBLEMS IN OFFICE BUILDINGS COMPENSATOR C25D Elimination of the 3rd, 9th, 15th harmonic FILTERING RESULTS: Reduction of the neutral current and neutral – earth voltage up to 90% Reduction of phase currents up to 15% Reduction of current distortion up to 45% Reduction of voltage distortion up to 40% Obtain power factor up to 0,80 HARMONIC PROBLEMS IN OFFICE BUILDINGS COMPENSATOR C25D + C25D-180º 5th, 7th, 17th, 19th The C25D Compensator is available in two versions offering different phase shifts (0º and 180º) for the 5th and 7th harmonic. By combining both versions, elimination of the 3rd, 5th, 7th, 9th, 15th 17th and 19th is obtained Elimination of harmonic 3, 5, 7, 9, 15, 17, 19 Distribution Compensator panel UPS L1 C25D L2 L3 Computer equipment 50% load Distribution panel -5th, -7th, -17th, -19th N Phase current 3rd, 5th, 7th, 9th, 15th, 17th, 19th Neutral current 3rd, 5th, 7th, 9th, 15th, 17th, 19th Compensator C25D-180º Distribution panel Computer equipment 50% load HARMONIC PROBLEMS IN OFFICE BUILDINGS COMPENSATOR C25D + C25D-180º Elimination of harmonic 3, 5, 7, 9, 15, 17, 19 FILTERING RESULTS: Reduction of the neutral current and neutral – earth voltage up to 90% Reduction of phase currents up to 45% Reduction of voltage and current distortion up to 85% Obtain power factor up to 0,96 HARMONIC HARMONICPROBLEMS PROBLEMSININ OFFICE OFFICE BUILDINGS BUILINGS COMPENSATOR C30D The C30D Compensator achieves the highest filtering level. It eliminates the 3rd, 5th, 7th, 9th, 15th, 17th and 19th harmonic and provides additional advantages like: reduction of electromagnetic disturbances, optional voltage adaptation and the use of independent earths Elimination of harmonic 3, 5, 7, 9, 15, 17, 19 3rd, 5th, 7th, 9th, 15th, 17th, 19th Distribution panel UPS L1 L2 Compensator C30D L3 N Computer equipment 50% load 3rd, 5th, 7th, 9th, 15th, 17th, 19th Distribution panel Phase current Neutral current Computer equipment 50% load HARMONIC PROBLEMS IN OFFICE BUILDINGS COMPENSATOR C30D Elimination of harmonic 3, 5, 7, 9, 15, 17, 19 FILTERING RESULTS: Reduction of the neutral current and neutral – earth voltage up to 90% Reduction of phase currents up to 45% Reduction of voltage and current distortion up to 85% Obtain power factor up to 0,96 HARMONIC PROBLEMS IN INDUSTRY Frequency converters and variable speed drives which are usual in today’s industrial installations generate harmonic currents that reduce the quality of the electrical energy 5th, 7th, 11th, 13th 5th, 7th, 11th, 13th Frequency converter 5th, 7th, 11th, 13th Frequency converter Motor Motor Transformer Capacitor bank Motor PLC Computer The frequency converters generate mainly 5th and 7th harmonic currents as well as voltage notches and transients (spikes). Voltage Current HARMONIC PROBLEMS IN INDUSTRY PROBLEMS CAUSES •Malfunctioning and failure in electronic equipment •Low quality electrical energy. Elevated harmonic voltage distortion •Overheating and failure in transformers and cables •Notches and transients in the voltage caused by power converters •Overload and failure in capacitor banks •Elevated harmonic distortion in the current •Low efficiency of transformers and cables •Tripping of protections without apparent reason •Overload and failure in motors •Interferences in communication networks •Resonance in capacitor banks •Elevated true RMS current in the phases •Low power factor due to harmonics HARMONIC PROBLEMS IN INDUSTRY RTL LINE INDUCTORS Reduction of harmonic The RTL line inductors provide the most optimised cost- 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19 filtering relation of all harmonic filtering solutions available in the market. It features a very significant filtering of the whole harmonic spectrum 5th, 7th, 11th, 13th 5th, 7th, 11th, 13th RTL line inductor 5th, 7th, 11th, 13th Frequency converter Motor Transformer RTL line inductor Capacitor bank Frequency converter Motor Motor PLC Computer Additionally it eliminates the notches and transients generated by the power converters avoiding mal-functioning and failure in electronic devices Voltage Current HARMONIC PROBLEMS IN INDUSTRY LINE INDUCTOR RTL Reduction of harmonic 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19 FILTERING RESULTS: Reduction of phase currents up to 30% Reduction of voltage and current distortion up to 60% Obtain power factor up to 0,93 HARMONIC PROBLEMS IN INDUSTRY COMPENSATOR C10F Compensator C10F 5th, 7th, 17th, 19th PLC 50% load Capacitor bank 50% load 5th, 7th, 17th, 19th -(5th, 7th, 17th, 19th) Transformer a is of is 5th, 7th, 17th, 19th The C10F Compensator is used in case high filtering level is requested. The C10F installed in such a way that it supplies 50% the load to be filtered while the other 50% supplied directly Elimination of harmonic 5, 7, 17, 19 Computer Voltage Current For optimised filtering and elimination of voltage notches, RTL line inductors should be installed as well, especially for power converters above 5 kW HARMONIC PROBLEMS IN INDUSTRY COMPENSATOR C10F Elimination of harmonic 5, 7, 17, 19 FILTERING RESULTS: C10F C10F + RTL Reduction of phase currents up to 20% 35% Reduction of voltage and current distortion up to 60% 85% Obtain power factor up to 0,95 0,98 HARMONIC PROBLEMS IN INDUSTRY COMPENSATOR C20F 5th, 7th, 17th, 19th 50% load The C20F Compensator achieves the highest protection level for industrial installations, featuring a high filtering level and galvanic isolation of the load. The C20F has two outputs, each supplying 50% of the load Elimination of harmonic 5, 7, 17, 19 Compensator C20F 5th, 7th, 17th, 19th PLC 50% load Transformer Capacitor bank Computer Voltage Current For optimised filtering and elimination of voltage notches, RTL line inductors should be installed as well, especially for power converters above 5 kW HARMONIC PROBLEMS IN INDUSTRY COMPENSATOR C20F Elimination of harmonic 5, 7, 17, 19 FILTERING RESULTS: C20F C20F + RTL Reduction of phase currents up to 20% 35% Reduction of voltage and current distortion up to 60% 85% Obtain power factor up to 0,95 0,98 HARMONIC FILTERING COMPENSATORS The Advantages •High level of harmonic filtering •Economic •No electronics or capacitors, therefore maintenance free and an extremely long lifetime •No generation of high frequency distortions •Easy selection, no exhaustive study of the installation is necessary HARMONIC FILTERING QUICK SELECTION GUIDE Installation Harmonics Galvanic isolation? 3rd 9th 15th YES 3rd 5th 7th 9th YES … … 5th 7th 17th … NO NO Compensators election Combination with RTLX C25D-0 C25D-180 NO C10D + C20D C25D-0+C25D-180 C30D C10D+C20D + C10D+C22D YES C20F NO C10F YES Note: For filtering of the 5th and 7th harmonics, the load should be divided in two groups (see application guides)