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QUALITY AND TECHNOLOGY
quality of the
HARMONIC PROBLEMS
POLYLUX has developed a series of electromagnetic filters for the
elimination of harmonics named ‘Compensators’. These equipments
are based on the cancellation and compensation of magnetic fluxes
The main advantage of the Compensator is the absence of electronic
components and capacitors. The Compensators are therefore
maintenance free, have an extremely long lifetime compared with
other types of filters and are compatible with any electrical installation
HARMONIC PROBLEMS IN OFFICE BUILDINGS
Computer equipment in office buildings generate elevated
levels of harmonics which cause important problems in the
electrical installation
3rd, 5th, 7th, 9th
3rd, 5th, 7th, 9th
L1
L2
L3
N
3rd, 9th
UPS
Distribution
panel
Computer equipment
The triplen harmonics (3rd,
9th...) are especially harmful as
these
sum
in
the
neutral
conductor and generate a high
neutral current causing serious
failures and damages in the
installation
Phase current
Neutral current
HARMONIC PROBLEMS IN OFFICE BUILDINGS
UPS
3rd, 5th, 7th, 9th
Distribution
panel
3rd, 5th, 7th, 9th
Computer equipment
L1
L2
L3
3rd, 9th
N
Why such a high
neutral current?
Phase Currents
L1
L2
L3
H3 L1
H3 L2
H3 L3
Neutral Current
The neutral current is the sum of all phase
currents L1+L2+L3
There is a 120º phase shift between
fundamental currents, the sum in the neutral is
therefore practically zero in a balanced system
There is no phase shift between the 3rd
harmonic currents therefore in the neutral you
get the sum of all 3rd harmonic currents
L1+L2+L3
H3 L1+L2+L3
Neutral current can be higher than the phase current.
For example, having fundamental 100A and 3rd
harmonic 60A in each phase, you will have 180A 3rd
harmonic in the neutral
HARMONIC PROBLEMS IN OFFICE BUILDINGS
PROBLEMS
CAUSES
•Malfunctioning and failure in computer
equipment
•Low quality electrical energy. Elevated
harmonic voltage distortion
•Overheating of neutral conductors
•Elevated neutral – earth voltage
•Low efficiency and overheating of UPS,
transformers and cables of the
installation
•High harmonic distortion in the current
•Tripping of protections without
apparent reason
•Interferences in communication
networks
•Incremented power consumption
•Excessive levels of 3rd and 9th harmonics
in the neutral conductor
•Elevated true RMS current in the phases
•Low power factor due to harmonics
•Elevated losses in the electrical
installation
HARMONIC
HARMONICPROBLEMS
PROBLEMSININ
OFFICE
OFFICE
BUILDINGS
BUILINGS
COMPENSATOR C10D + C20D
Elimination of the
3rd, 9th, 15th
The C20D Compensator provides a very good cost-filtering relation. It
gives a strong reduction of the triplen harmonics and eliminates the harmonic
overload in the neutral conductor and the high neutral – earth voltage
Distribution
panel
5th, 7th
3rd, 5th, 7th, 9th, 15th
L1
L2
L3
UPS
Phase current
Impedance
Adapter C10D
Neutral current
3rd, 9th, 15th
N
Compensator
C20D
Computer equipment
The C20D Compensator
has to be installed with
the C10D Impedance
Adapter to obtain the
most optimised filtering
HARMONIC PROBLEMS IN OFFICE BUILDINGS
COMPENSATOR C10D + C20D
Elimination of the
3rd, 9th, 15th
harmonic
FILTERING RESULTS:
Reduction of the neutral current and
neutral – earth voltage up to
75%
Reduction of phase currents up to
15%
Reduction of voltage and current
distortion up to
45%
Obtain power factor up to
0,80
HARMONIC
HARMONICPROBLEMS
PROBLEMSININ
OFFICE
OFFICE
BUILDINGS
BUILINGS
COMPENSATOR C10D+C20D AND C22D+C10D
L1
Elimination of harmonic
3, 5, 7, 9, 15, 17, 19
Impedance
Compensator
3rd, 5th, 7th, 9th, 15th
Adapter C10D
C22D
-5th, -7th
The C22D Compensator offers
elevated filtering of the 3rd, 5th, 7th,
9th, 15th, 17th, 19th harmonics,
solving all problems caused by
harmonics. The C22D+C10D is used
in combination with the C20D +
C10D, each of these supplies 50% of
the load to be filtered
UPS
Distribution
panel
L2
L3
N
3rd, 5th, 7th, 9th, 15th
5th, 7th
Impedance
Adapter C10D
Computer equip.
50% load
The C20D and C22D have
to be installed with C10D
Impedance Adapters for
optimised filtering
Phase current
Neutral current
Compensator
C20D
Computer equip.
50% load
HARMONIC PROBLEMS IN OFFICE BUILDINGS
COMPENSATOR C10D+C20D AND C22D
Elimination
of harmonic
3, 5, 7, 9, 15, 17, 19
FILTERING RESULTS:
Reduction of the neutral current and
neutral – earth voltage up to
80%
Reduction of phase currents up to
40%
Reduction of voltage and current
distortion up to
75%
Obtain power factor up to
0,95
HARMONIC PROBLEMS IN OFFICE BUILDINGS
COMPENSATOR C25D
Elimination of the
3rd, 9th, 15th
The C25D Compensator is totally eliminating the triplen harmonics
(3rd, 9th, 15th), avoiding any type of overload in the neutral as well as a harmonic
high neutral-earth voltage produced by harmonics
Distribution
panel
5th, 7th
3rd, 5th, 7th, 9th, 15th
L1
L2
L3
N
UPS
Compensator
C25D
Computer equipment
Phase current
Neutral current
Thanks to its galvanic isolation, the C25D
Compensator represents the ideal solution in
case of a high level of 3rd harmonic voltage.
Additional advantages are: reduction of the
electromagnetic disturbances coming from the
supply network, optional voltage adaptation and
the possibility to use independent earths as the
neutral is isolated from the mains
HARMONIC PROBLEMS IN OFFICE BUILDINGS
COMPENSATOR C25D
Elimination of the
3rd, 9th, 15th
harmonic
FILTERING RESULTS:
Reduction of the neutral current and
neutral – earth voltage up to
90%
Reduction of phase currents up to
15%
Reduction of current distortion up to
45%
Reduction of voltage distortion up to
40%
Obtain power factor up to
0,80
HARMONIC PROBLEMS IN OFFICE BUILDINGS
COMPENSATOR C25D + C25D-180º
5th, 7th, 17th, 19th
The C25D Compensator is
available in two versions offering
different phase shifts (0º and
180º) for the 5th and 7th
harmonic. By combining both
versions, elimination of the 3rd,
5th, 7th, 9th, 15th 17th and 19th
is obtained
Elimination of
harmonic
3, 5, 7, 9, 15, 17, 19
Distribution
Compensator panel
UPS
L1
C25D
L2
L3
Computer equipment
50% load
Distribution
panel
-5th, -7th, -17th, -19th
N
Phase current
3rd, 5th, 7th, 9th, 15th, 17th, 19th
Neutral current
3rd, 5th, 7th, 9th, 15th, 17th, 19th
Compensator
C25D-180º
Distribution
panel
Computer equipment
50% load
HARMONIC PROBLEMS IN OFFICE BUILDINGS
COMPENSATOR C25D + C25D-180º
Elimination of
harmonic
3, 5, 7, 9, 15, 17, 19
FILTERING RESULTS:
Reduction of the neutral current and
neutral – earth voltage up to
90%
Reduction of phase currents up to
45%
Reduction of voltage and current
distortion up to
85%
Obtain power factor up to
0,96
HARMONIC
HARMONICPROBLEMS
PROBLEMSININ
OFFICE
OFFICE
BUILDINGS
BUILINGS
COMPENSATOR C30D
The C30D Compensator achieves the
highest filtering level. It eliminates the
3rd, 5th, 7th, 9th, 15th, 17th and 19th
harmonic
and
provides
additional
advantages
like:
reduction
of
electromagnetic disturbances, optional
voltage adaptation and the use of
independent earths
Elimination of harmonic
3, 5, 7, 9, 15, 17, 19
3rd, 5th, 7th, 9th, 15th, 17th, 19th
Distribution
panel
UPS
L1
L2
Compensator
C30D
L3
N
Computer equipment
50% load
3rd, 5th, 7th, 9th, 15th, 17th, 19th
Distribution
panel
Phase current
Neutral current
Computer equipment
50% load
HARMONIC PROBLEMS IN OFFICE BUILDINGS
COMPENSATOR C30D
Elimination of harmonic
3, 5, 7, 9, 15, 17, 19
FILTERING RESULTS:
Reduction of the neutral current and
neutral – earth voltage up to
90%
Reduction of phase currents up to
45%
Reduction of voltage and current
distortion up to
85%
Obtain power factor up to
0,96
HARMONIC PROBLEMS IN INDUSTRY
Frequency converters and variable speed drives which are
usual in today’s industrial installations generate harmonic
currents that reduce the quality of the electrical energy
5th, 7th, 11th, 13th
5th, 7th, 11th, 13th
Frequency converter
5th, 7th, 11th, 13th
Frequency converter
Motor
Motor
Transformer
Capacitor
bank
Motor
PLC
Computer
The frequency converters generate
mainly 5th and 7th harmonic
currents as well as voltage notches
and transients (spikes).
Voltage
Current
HARMONIC PROBLEMS IN INDUSTRY
PROBLEMS
CAUSES
•Malfunctioning and failure in electronic
equipment
•Low quality electrical energy. Elevated
harmonic voltage distortion
•Overheating and failure in
transformers and cables
•Notches and transients in the voltage
caused by power converters
•Overload and failure in capacitor banks
•Elevated harmonic distortion in the
current
•Low efficiency of transformers and
cables
•Tripping of protections without
apparent reason
•Overload and failure in motors
•Interferences in communication
networks
•Resonance in capacitor banks
•Elevated true RMS current in the phases
•Low power factor due to harmonics
HARMONIC PROBLEMS IN INDUSTRY
RTL LINE INDUCTORS
Reduction of harmonic
The RTL line inductors provide the most optimised cost- 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19
filtering relation of all harmonic filtering solutions available in
the market. It features a very significant filtering of the whole
harmonic spectrum
5th, 7th, 11th, 13th
5th, 7th, 11th, 13th
RTL line
inductor
5th, 7th, 11th, 13th
Frequency
converter
Motor
Transformer
RTL line
inductor
Capacitor
bank
Frequency
converter
Motor
Motor
PLC
Computer
Additionally it eliminates the notches and
transients generated by the power
converters avoiding mal-functioning and
failure in electronic devices
Voltage
Current
HARMONIC PROBLEMS IN INDUSTRY
LINE INDUCTOR RTL
Reduction of harmonic
5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19
FILTERING RESULTS:
Reduction of phase currents up to
30%
Reduction of voltage and current
distortion up to
60%
Obtain power factor up to
0,93
HARMONIC PROBLEMS IN INDUSTRY
COMPENSATOR C10F
Compensator
C10F
5th, 7th, 17th, 19th
PLC
50% load
Capacitor
bank
50% load
5th, 7th, 17th, 19th
-(5th, 7th, 17th, 19th)
Transformer
a
is
of
is
5th, 7th, 17th, 19th
The C10F Compensator is used in case
high filtering level is requested. The C10F
installed in such a way that it supplies 50%
the load to be filtered while the other 50%
supplied directly
Elimination of harmonic
5, 7, 17, 19
Computer
Voltage
Current
For optimised filtering and elimination of
voltage notches, RTL line inductors should be
installed as well, especially for power
converters above 5 kW
HARMONIC PROBLEMS IN INDUSTRY
COMPENSATOR C10F
Elimination of harmonic
5, 7, 17, 19
FILTERING RESULTS:
C10F
C10F + RTL
Reduction of phase currents up to
20%
35%
Reduction of voltage and current
distortion up to
60%
85%
Obtain power factor up to
0,95
0,98
HARMONIC PROBLEMS IN INDUSTRY
COMPENSATOR C20F
5th, 7th, 17th, 19th
50% load
The C20F Compensator achieves the highest
protection level for industrial installations, featuring
a high filtering level and galvanic isolation of the
load. The C20F has two outputs, each supplying
50% of the load
Elimination of harmonic
5, 7, 17, 19
Compensator
C20F
5th, 7th, 17th, 19th
PLC
50% load
Transformer Capacitor
bank
Computer
Voltage
Current
For optimised filtering and elimination of
voltage notches, RTL line inductors should be
installed as well, especially for power
converters above 5 kW
HARMONIC PROBLEMS IN INDUSTRY
COMPENSATOR C20F
Elimination of harmonic
5, 7, 17, 19
FILTERING RESULTS:
C20F
C20F + RTL
Reduction of phase currents up to
20%
35%
Reduction of voltage and current
distortion up to
60%
85%
Obtain power factor up to
0,95
0,98
HARMONIC FILTERING
COMPENSATORS
The Advantages
•High level of harmonic filtering
•Economic
•No electronics or capacitors, therefore
maintenance free and an extremely long
lifetime
•No generation of high frequency distortions
•Easy selection, no exhaustive study of the
installation is necessary
HARMONIC FILTERING
QUICK SELECTION GUIDE
Installation
Harmonics
Galvanic
isolation?
3rd
9th
15th
YES
3rd
5th
7th
9th
YES
…
…
5th
7th
17th
…
NO
NO
Compensators
election
Combination
with RTLX
C25D-0
C25D-180
NO
C10D + C20D
C25D-0+C25D-180
C30D
C10D+C20D
+
C10D+C22D
YES
C20F
NO
C10F
YES
Note: For filtering of the 5th and 7th harmonics, the load should be divided in two groups (see application guides)