Download EMC Directive 2004/108/EC

EMC Directive
2004/108/EC
Steve Ferguson
Washington Laboratories (301) 417-0220 web: www.wll.com
7560 Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD 20879
EUROPEAN REQUIREMENTS
EMC
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EMC – Electromagnetic Compatibility
• The ability to operate in the intended
environment without performance
degradation
• The ability to operate in the intended
environment without interfering with
operation of other equipment/systems
Terms & Definitions
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European Directive
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Legal Document adopted by EC Council of Ministers
Must be adopted into National Law by each EC member state
Does not call out technical standards; refers to private
standards-making bodies to draw up product standards
European Norm (EN)
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Harmonized Standard: Common Standard used for
determining conformity
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Committee process
ENs based on existing standards (CISPR, IEC)
Must be adopted into National Standards by each EC
Member state
CENELEC (Comite Europeen de Normalisation Electrotechnique)
• European Committee for Electrotechnical
Standardization: responsible for generating European
Norms
CE: Communaute Europeenne
Terms & Definitions
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Competent Body
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Review Technical Construction Files and generate
Certificates of Conformity
Must demonstrate competence in the area of the
Directive
Approved by member state National Authority
Conformity Assessment Bodies (CAB) in US
Notified Body
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“Notified” means that the organization has been
“officially announced” to the EC and other states by
National Authority
New approach directives
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Objective: Elimination of Technical Barriers
New Approach calls out Essential Requirements
Technical Details Left to Committees
• Harmonization of European Norms (Standards)
• CENELEC
Conformity to European Norms demonstrates compliance
Products meeting essential requirements eligible for CE
Marking
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The EMC Directive
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89/336/EEC: The EMC Directive
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Adopted 1989 by Council of the European
Communities
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Original Implementation 1 January 1992
Amended by 92/31/EEC
Affects all products to be placed on the Market
Calls out essential “protection requirements” which
include emissions as well as susceptibility
Does not call out specifications or standards
“New Approach Directive”
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Essential Protection Requirements
Allows Self-Certification
”CE” Marking certifying product’s conformance
European directives
Directive
Mandatory Date:
Low Voltage (73/23/EEC) Amended by 93/68/EEC
Simple Pressure Vessels (87/404/EEC) Amended by 90/488/EEC
Toy Safety (88/378/EEC) Amended by 93/68/EEC
Construction Products (89/106/EEC) Amended by 93/68/EEC
EMC (89/336/EEC) Amended by 93/68/EEC Repeal 7/20/2007
1/1/97
7/1/92
1/1/97
1/1/97
1/1/96
EMC (2004/108/EC)
7/20/09
Machinery (89/392/EEC) Amended by 93/68/EEC
Personal Protective Equipment (89/686/EEC)
Non-Automatic Weighing Instruments (90/384/EEC) Amended by 93/68/EEC
Gas Appliances (90/396/EEC) Amended by 93/68/EEC
Telecommunications Terminal Equipment (91/263/EEC)
Amended by 93/68/EEC
Hot Water Boilers (92/42/EEC) Amended by 93/68/EEC
Medical Devices (93/42/EEC)
Satellite Earth Station Equipment (93/97/EEC)
Explosive Atmospheres (94/9/EEC)
Recreational Craft (94/25/EEC)
Radio and Telecommunications Terminal Equipment Directive
1/1/97
6/13/98
NONE
6/30/03
6/15/98
4/1/01
1/1/95
6/30/95
1/11/02
1/1/95
1/1/96
2004/108/EC Background
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Review of 89/336/EEC as part of the SLIM (Simpler
Legislation for the Internal Market) established a
need to complete, reinforce, and clarify the directive
• Member states adopt and publish laws to comply with
directive by 20 January 2007
• Apply laws adopted by 20 July 2007
• Repeal 89/336/EEC by 20 July 2007
• Not impede market for product complying with
89/336/EEC placed on the market prior to 20 July
2009
2004/108/EC Directive - Changes
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Clarification of scope and definitions
Simplification of compliance methods – DoC
Elimination of mandatory NB/CB examinations
Modified DoC supporting location of responsible
parties by enforcement
• Requirement for unique product identification
• Clear treatment of fixed installations and their
compliance obligations
Equipment exclusions
From draft Guide for the EMC Directive 2004/108/EC dated 25 09 2006
Flowchart 1 - notes
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1. Equipment without electrical or electronic parts is except
2. Excluded equipment
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3. Equipment covered by other specific community directives
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Motor vehicles (2004/104/EC)
Medical devices (various directives)
Marine equipment (6/98/EC)
Agricultural and forestry tractors (75/332/EEC)
Two or three wheeled motor vehicles (97/24/EC)
Measuring instruments (immunity excluded see 2004/22/EC)
Non-automatic weighing instruments (immunity excluded see 90/334/EEC)
4. Inherently benign equipment
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R&TTE (covered by 1999/5/EC)
Aeronautical parts, products and appliances
Radio equipment used by radio amateurs
Incapable of generating or contributing to emissions
Operate without degradation in the presence of EMI normally present
5. Apparatus or fixed installation classification (to flowchart 4)
Scope for apparatus
From draft Guide for the EMC Directive 2004/108/EC dated 25 09 2006
Clarification of scope
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Applicability
• Equipment (apparatus & fixed installation)
• Apparatus - Any finished appliance or combination
thereof made commercially available as a single
functional unit
• Component or sub-assemblies intended for incorporation
into an apparatus by the end user
• Mobile installation defined by a combination of apparatus
intended to be moved and operated in a range of
locations
• Fixed installation - A particular combination of
several type of apparatus which are assembled,
installed and intended to be used permanently at a
predefined location
Applicable provisions
From draft Guide for the EMC Directive 2004/108/EC dated 25 09 2006
Essential requirements – Article 5
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Apparatus
• Electromagnetic disturbances generated do not
exceed level to interfere with operation of radio,
telecommunications or other equipment
• Has a level of immunity to electromagnetic
disturbances expected in it’s intended
environment
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Fixed installations
• Use good engineering practices with a view to
meeting apparatus requirements. Document
those practices with the documentation on file as
long as installation is in operation.
Conformity assessment – article 7
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Annex II
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Perform electromagnetic assessment
Evaluate all configurations
Prepare technical documentation
Hold technical documentation 10-years after last manufacture
Attest to compliance by issuing DOC
Hold DOC 10-years after last manufacture
If manufacturer is not established within the Community,
documentation will be held by person placing on the Community
market
• Manufacture according to technical documentation
• Prepare technical documentation & DOC per Annex IV
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Annex III (Typically used where harmonized standards are not
completely satisfied – e.g., in situ testing)
• Present technical documentation to Notified Body
• Notified Body issues compliance statement
• Include Notified Body statement in the technical documentation
Other markings – article 9
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Identify type, batch, serial number or any other
information to allow for identification of the apparatus
• Name and address of manufacturer and authorized
representative placing apparatus on market
• Specific precautions associated with assembly,
installation, maintained or used for EMC protection
(e.g., installation instructions, shielded cable use,
etc.)
• Restrictions for residential use appearing on the
apparatus and packaging
• Information required to enable the apparatus to be
used for intended purpose contained in the
accompanying instructions
CE Marking
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Implementation of the CE Marking:
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Must be affixed to:
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Product
Packaging
Instructions for use, OR
Guarantee certificate
Can be used with other marks
providing they do not reduce the
visibility and legibility of the mark
The marking may include:
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The identification of a notified body
involved in assessment
Product Identification
• Each apparatus to be identified in terms of type,
batch, serial number or other information allowing
identification
• Each apparatus shall be accompanied with
Community contact information
• Information must be provided on specific
precautions for EMC protection (e.g., installation
instructions, shielded cable use, etc.)
• Use restrictions for items where residential
compliance is not ensured
• Information on use for intended purpose included
with the apparatus
Installations
From draft Guide for the EMC Directive 2004/108/EC dated 25 09 2006
Fixed Installations
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Special section – Article 13
• Applies to a given fixed installation with the
apparatus not commercially available
• CE marking and mandatory pre-testing not
required
• Installation requires application of “good”
engineering practices with documentation of EMC
precautions incorporated
• If EMC problems are indicated, authorities may
request evidence of compliance
• If non-compliance is established, appropriate
measures to attain compliance may be imposed
Conformity assessment
From draft Guide for the EMC Directive 2004/108/EC dated 25 09 2006
Conformity Assessment
• Manufacturer performs an electromagnetic
compatibility assessment applying all relevant
harmonized standards published in OJ
• Manufacturer prepares technical documentation
providing evidence of compliance – retains at least
10-years after date of last manufacture
• Manufacturer prepares a Declaration of
Conformity (DoC)
• The “CE” mark may be placed on the equipment
Non-harmonized/Incomplete
Application of Standards
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If harmonized standards are not
followed or partially followed:
• Technical documentation is more complex
to justify the DoC describing the steps
taken to meet the essential requirements
• Review by a Notified Body to obtain an
opinion on conformity
• NB opinion adds weight in case of a dispute but
does not solely authenticate the DoC
Technical documentation – Annex IV
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The technical documentation must enable the
conformity with the essential requirements to be
assessed. It must cover the design and manufacture
in particular. Must contain
• General description of the apparatus
• Evidence of compliance to the standards
• In the case where the harmonized standards are not used
completely, a description of steps taken to assure
compliance with the essential requirements including the
EMC assessment, design calculations, examinations
accomplished, test reports, etc.
• Statement from notified body when used
DOC – Annex IV
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The EC declaration of conformity must
contain:
• A reference to the applicable directive
• Identification to the apparatus
• Name and address of manufacturer and
authorized Community representative if applicable
• Dated reference to the specifications to which
conformity is declared
• Date of the declaration
• Identity and signature of person empowered to
bind the company
EMC Test Standards
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Product specific test standards establish requirements and
typically point to test method standards. Normally include:
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Radiated Emissions – CISPR 11 or CISPR 22
Conducted Emissions – CISPR 11 or CISPR 22
Harmonic Emissions – EN 61000-3-2
Flicker – EN 61000-3-3
Electrostatic Discharge – EN 61000-4-2
Radiated Immunity – EN 61000-4-3
Electrically Fast Transient Immunity – EN 61000-4-4
Surge Immunity – EN 61000-4-5
Conducted Immunity – EN 61000-4-6
Magnetic Immunity * - EN 61000-4-8
Voltage dips/interrupts – EN61000-4-11
EMC Design: 10-steps
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1. Establish a 0V return
2. Tend to the cables
3. Power distribution
4. Component layout
5. Signal distribution
6. Filtering
7. Filter installation
8. Sealing the enclosure
9. Deal with analog circuits
10. Switch mode power supplies