Download Group Action of Muscles

GROUP ACTION OF MUSCLES
Origin and Insertion Review
 Name the origin and insertion below…
 The point where the bone attaches to the
more stationary of the bones is known as
the ????
What about the insertion?
 I hoped you thought about the fact that the
insertion is the muscle attachment on the
bone that the muscle pulls
 Take another look…
The head of the biceps brachii originates from the coracoid
process of the scapula. When you contract your biceps,
you pull your forearm towards your shoulder, you are
pulling towards the origin. The insertion is on the radial
tuberosity (radius).
You already have this in your notes and your colouring.
This is review. Why are you copying this????
Muscle Contractions
Methods of Developing
Muscular Fitness
 1. Force against stationary object-Hands to
head..follow these steps…
 2. Muscle is moving while contractingComplete these range of motion exercises…
 3. Cybex trainer whereby resistance is
adjusted to force. The muscle shortens and
increases in tension while working at a
constant speed against variable resistance.
Did you correctly identify
them all?
 1. Isometric
 2.Isotonic (concentric and eccentric)
 3. Isokinetic
 What about an arm wrestler? Let’s do it!
What type of contraction?
How would one train for
this?
What we know and what we
need to know…
 Bones and joints enable movement
 They can not, however move the body by
themselves
 Movement is achieved as a result of over 600
muscles interacting with the skeleton
 Muscles produce movement by pulling bones in
different directions, depending on the type of
joint
 In a single action at one joint, muscles may
function as protagonists, antagonists, fixators
and synergists
Protagonist-Agonist
 Muscles which contract to produce a desired
movement a.k.a. the ‘prime mover’
 E.g. triceps is the protagonist in elbow
extension
Antagonist
 A muscle that relaxes in opposition to the
prime mover (opposes the movement)
 E.g. biceps-must relax to allow elbow
extension
The prime mover and the antagonist must work
together to produce the required movement.
Muscles that are prime movers for one
movement act as antagonists for the
opposite movement
Your turn….
 Take out your origin, insertion and function
charts
Fixators
 A muscle which contracts to fix the bone of
origin of another muscle or muscles in order
that its bone of insertion will move.
 If fixation is not effective the bone of origin
will move towards the bone of insertion
instead of vice-versa.
 E.g. Rhomboids fix the scapula during
movements involving adduction of the
humerus by teres major (which is often
confused as one of the rotator cuff muscles)
Rhomboids position the
scapula…
Synergist Muscles
 A muscle which contracts to eliminate an
unwanted secondary action of a muscle and so
ensure more effective application of its primary
action
 They assist prime movers and antagonists in
producing particular joint movements
 Biceps and brachioradialis. The bicep is the prime
mover in elbow joint movement and the
brachioradialis acts as a synergistic muscle to
stabilize the joint, thus aiding in the motion
 Biceps and brachioradialis. The bicep is the
prime mover in elbow joint movement and
the brachioradialis acts as a synergistic
muscle to stabilize the joint, thus aiding in the
motion
What it looks like together
with a simple bicep curl…
 Agonist - Prime mover muscle: Biceps
Antagonist - Opposing muscle group:
Triceps.
Synergist - Helping muscle group(assists):
Brachioradialis.
Fixators - Prevents unnecessary movement:
Abs and Back and Shoulders and wrists.
Your turn…
Movement
Neck Flexion
Neck Extension
Shoulder Flexion
Shoulder Extension
Shoulder Abduction
Shoulder Adduction
Hip Extension
Hip Flexion
Trunk Flexion
Trunk Extension
Knee Extension
Knee Flexion
Dorsi Flexion
Agonist
Antagonist
Your turn…
Movement
Agonist
Antagonist
Neck Flexion
Sternocleidomastoid
Semispinalis
Neck Extension
semispinalis
sternocleidomastoid
Shoulder Flexion
Pec major
Lat dorsi
Shoulder Extension
Lat dorsi
Pec major
Shoulder Abduction
deltoid
Lat dorsi
Shoulder Adduction
Lat dorsi
deltoid
Hip Extension
Gluteus max
iliopsoas
Hip Flexion
iliopsoas
Gluteus max
Trunk Flexion
Rectus abdominis
Erector spinae
Trunk Extension
Erector spinae
Rectus abdominis
Knee Extension
quads
hams
Knee Flexion
hams
quads
Dorsi Flexion
Tibialis anterior
gastrocnemius
Plantar Flexion
gastrocnemius
Tibialis anterior
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Homework Questions:
1. Name all the S.I.T.S muscles and functions
2. Name the hamstring group and all functions
3. Name all the quads and list all the functions
4. Name all the adductor muscles and the functions
5. List the muscles that make up the erector spinae group. List
O,I and F
6. List all the muscles of the abdomen and thoracic cage. List
functions of all.
7. What is the difference between atrophy and hyperthrophy?
8.Using page 66 list the effects of resistance training and at least
2 adaptations for each.
9.Name all the hip flexors and extensors. Make note of the O and
I.