Download Chapter 5, Lesson 1 Features of Earth

Chapter 5
Changes Over Time
Earth’s surface includes features
such as bodies of water and
landforms.
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hydrosphere - the part of earth that
contains water
latitude - shows location north or
south of the equator
longitude - shows location west or
east of the prime meridian
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elevation - the height above or below
sea level
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crust - Earth’s solid, rocky surface
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mantle - the layer beneath the crust
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lithosphere - made up of the crust and
the rigid part of the mantle
core - the central part of the Earth
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Water covers about 75% of Earth’s
surface.
Water can be found in many different
forms:
 as a solid (snow & ice)
 as a liquid (oceans, lakes, & rivers)
 as water vapor or water droplets
(clouds, mist, rain, & dew)
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Water exists as salt water or fresh
water.
95% of water is salt water.
 Made up of sodium chloride &
magnesium chloride
Salinity describes how much salt is
dissolved in water.
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Most fresh water is in the form of
ice.
Glaciers are large sheets of slow
moving ice.
 Valley glaciers form at high
elevations, such as mountains.
 Continental glaciers cover large
parts of the polar regions.
Summarize
Where is water found in Earth’s
hydrosphere?
Water is found in oceans, rivers, lakes,
glaciers, and the atmosphere.
Critical Thinking
Why is water on Earth’s surface
found sometimes as a solid and
sometimes as a liquid?
Temperature differences due to
elevation and latitude determine
water’s state.
Mountain ranges, plains, & plateaus
are examples of landforms.
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Some landforms can be classified by
their height above or below sea
level.
Low regions include plains and
basins.
 Plains are large, flat areas of land.
 Basins are regions where rivers in
the surrounding area flow.
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High regions
 Plateaus are large areas of flat, raised
land above sea level.
Plateaus may wear away to form
smaller structures such as buttes and
mesas.
 Mountains are masses of rock that rise
more than 610 meters above the
surrounding land.
Groups of mountains in long, narrow
belts are called mountain ranges.
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A relief map shows regions of
different heights in different colors.
The Continental Divide is a ridge
running from Mexico to Canada.
 West of the ridge, water runs
towards the Pacific Ocean.
 East of the ridge, water runs
towards the Atlantic Ocean or the
Gulf of Mexico.
Summarize
Write a short summary of the major
land forms found in the United
States.
The United States contains: plains,
basins, plateaus, mountains, mountain
ranges, deserts, and the Continental
Divide.
Critical Thinking
How could people know whether
they were on a plain or on a plateau
without being told?
A person could dig and search for
clues about water levels.
Height above sea level is the major
distinction between plains and
plateaus.
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We use lines of latitude & longitude.
 Latitude shows locations north or
south of the equator.
 Longitude shows location east or
west of the prime meridian.
 The prime meridian passes
through Greenwich, England.
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Latitude above the equator is north.
Latitude below the equator is south.
Longitude to the right of the prime
meridian is east.
Longitude to the left of the prime
meridian is west.
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Topographical maps show elevation.
 Contour lines connect places on a
map that have the same elevation
 Elevation is used to reference
places on the Earth.
 Altitude is for elevation in the air.
Summarize
Summarize how you would find the
location of a city on a globe.
You would find the latitude and
longitude lines closest to the city.
The point where they crossed would
be near the city’s location.
Critical Thinking
Which kind of map would you prefer
to bring on a camping trip:
a globe or a topographical map? Why?
A topographical map because it has
elevation data and is easier to carry than
a globe.
Also, the globe would not provide
enough detail about local areas.
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Hydrosphere is the part of Earth that
contains water.
Atmosphere is the layer of gasses
that surround Earth.
The Earth is made up of layers.
 Evidence is provided by
earthquakes and volcanoes.
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Crust – Earth’s solid, rocky surface
 Contains continents and ocean
floor
Mantle – Layer beneath the crust
 Upper part of mantle is solid and
rigid
 Lower part is very hot and flows
like plastic putty
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Lithosphere – Crust and upper part
of mantle
Core – Central part of Earth
 Outer core is the molten, or fluid,
part of the core
 Inner core is solid
Core is very dense and under
high pressure
Summarize
Write a brief summary of the different
layers that make up Earth’s interior.
The crust is the outermost, rocky layer;
the mantle is the layer beneath the crust;
the outer core is the molten part of the core;
the inner core is the solid part of the core.
The lithosphere is made up of the crust and
the uppermost part of the mantle.
Critical Thinking
What conditions might make travel
to the center of earth very difficult?
High pressure, high temperature, no
light, no food, no air