Download Exercise 1: Earth`s Moon

PHYS1014 Physical Science
Summer 2013
Professor Kenny L. Tapp
Exercise 1: Earth’s Moon
Complete and submit this packet, securely stapled, at the beginning of Exam 1.
PART I --- Online Video Lecture from Prof. Tapp
a. Apollo Moon Missions from ___________ to ___________.
i. _____ missions landed on the moon and brought back ________ kg of lunar
samples.
b. Lunar Phases
i. Moon rotates once every _______ days.
ii. Compared to Earth’s 23.5 degrees, the Moon tilts at _____ degrees.
iii. The _______________ phase occurs when the Moon is opposite the Sun and
fully illuminated.
iv. Synodic month represents the __________________________ and takes
_____________ days to complete.
v. Sidereal month represents the __________________________ and takes
_____________ days to complete.
vi. The Moon’s orbit around Earth is inclined _____ degrees to Earth’s orbital
plane around the Sun.
vii. Moon revolves around Earth once every _________ days.
c. Solar eclipse: when the Moon is in a line with the _______ and Earth.
1. Only occurs during the ________-Moon phase.
2. _________ is the partial stage of an eclipse.
3. _________ is the totality stage of an eclipse.
ii. Lunar eclipse: when the Moon is in the shadow of the ________.
1. Only occurs during the ________-Moon phase.
2. Usually occurs _____ times per year.
d. Moon Specifications
i. _____ width of Earth; _____ gravity of Earth
ii. No atmosphere
iii. Distance from Earth to Moon is approximately ______________ km.
iv. Much less dense than Earth because it has much less _________ .
1. No magnetic field.
v. ______________ are no longer active.
vi. Landscape is smooth due to ________________________ impacts
e. Lunar Surface
i. Types of Terrain
1. _________________: latin for “sea”
a. Dark regions
b. Smooth _________________
c. Originated from ____________ flooding the surface.
2. _________________: most of the Moon’s surface
a. Bright, densely cratered regions
b. Located mostly on the __________ side of the Moon.
c. Older than ____________.
ii. Regolith
1. Covers all lunar terrains
2. Color is ____________.
3. Composed of ______________ rocks and fine lunar _________.
1 PART II --- “Direct from the Moon” Film by National Geographic
a. Launched in September, 2007, the Japanese spacecraft named
_______________, orbits ______ miles above the Moon’s surface.
i. Satellite is carrying ________ tools/instruments.
b. There is no dark ___________ spots on the far side of the Moon.
c. The Moon was initially shaped like an _________, but as it go farther away from
Earth, it became more _____________. Earth’s gravity pulled softened rock to
one side of the Moon during its initial development. This has caused
differences in the Moon’s weak gravitational field.
i. High density mass produces ___________ gravity.
ii. Low density mass produces ___________ gravity.
d. Apollo 11 landed on the Moon on __________________.
i. Astronauts Buzz ___________ and Neil ___________ were first to walk
on the Moon.
ii. Heavy suits protected the astronauts from ___________ temperatures
and intense radiation.
iii. The first Moon-walk lasted for ________ hours.
e. Apollo 12 landed on the Moon that following November.
i. Moon-walk lasted for _________ hours.
f. Russian robotic Lunar rovers
i. Used a ________ to accurately measure the distance to Earth.
g. Research of Lunar samples through a spectrometer revealed what was in the
orange soil: ____________.
h. U.S. Moon missions took aerial imagery at ___________ ft. resolution versus
_______ ft. resolution of the Kaguya satellite.
i. Render 3D images from 2 cameras tilting forward and backward.
ii. New pictures of the Tycho crater
1. Diameter: _____________ miles
2. Depth: _____________ miles
3. Formed ______________ years ago and threw debris up to 1,250
miles away from the crater’s center.
a. Approximately _______________ tons of debris.
i. To determine the age of a crater, its state of ______________ is evaluated and
compared to others around it.
j. A peak of asteroid impacts around 3.8 billion years ago
i. The orbit of ____________ shifted slightly tossing asteroids to the moon.
ii. New research found that __________________ were formed from the
high energy of asteroid impacts.
1. Massive energy is required to merge the substances melted iron,
____________, and _____________.
k. NASA launches in the year __________ to return to the Moon.
i. Serves as a stepping stone for deeper space exploration.
l. Lunar regolith can be heated up to _______________ in the presence of
hydrogen to form iron oxides, which will produce ____________________ so
that oxygen can be extracted.
2 PART III --- Phases of the Moon
The changing geometry of the Earth-Moon-Sun system is the cause of the phases of the
Moon. When the Moon is in the same direction as the Sun, we call that phase New Moon.
During New Moon, the Moon rises with the Sun and sets with the Sun. So if the Moon’s
phase was New, and the Sun rose at 7am, the Moon will also rise at 7am, even though you
may not be able to see it. The opposite occurs at Full Moon: at Full Moon, the Moon is in the
opposite direction from the Sun. Therefore, as the Sun sets in the western horizon, the Full
Moon rises in the eastern sky, and vice versa. The Sun reaches its highest point in the sky at
noon each day; the Full Moon will reach its highest point in the sky at midnight. At First and
Third Quarters, the Earth-Moon-Sun angle is a right angle. At these phases, the Moon will
rise or set at either noon or midnight.
a) Complete the Lunar Phase cycle (draw and label the diagram to indicate all of the
phases):
Shown below are different phases of the Moon as seen by an observer in the Northern
Hemisphere.
b) Beginning with the waxing gibbous phase of the Moon, rank all five Moon phases shown
above in the order that the observer would see them over the next 28 days.
RANKING ORDER: 1. D; 2. ________; 3. ________; 4. ________; 5. ________
3 PART IV --- Our Solar System
Using the table of planetary data found in the worksheet from our in-class activity (also
available under the “Next Time” column on our course website), complete the following
questions:
1. List the differences between Terrestrial and Jovian Planets?
2. What feature of the solar system separates the terrestrial planets from the jovian planets?
_________________________________________
3. Write a brief statement that describes the spacing of the planets in the solar system.
4. Which is the largest of the Terrestrial planets and what is its diameter?
5. Which is the smallest Jovian planet and what is its diameter?
6. The Sun is ______ times larger than Earth and ______ times larger than Jupiter.
7. The smallest Jovian planet is _______ times larger than the largest Terrestrial planet.
8. If you could live on Venus or Jupiter, approximately how long would you have to wait
between sunrises?
On Venus, a sunrise would occur every _______ days.
On Jupiter, a sunrise would occur every ________ hours.
9. Mercury completes ________ rotations (Mercury days) in one Mercury year.
10. On Venus, how many sunrises would there be in each of its years? __________
11. Mercury completes ________ revolutions while Neptune completes _________
revolutions in one Earth year.
12. 1 AU = _________________________ miles
4 13. On the space below, prepare a sketch illustrating the planets Mercury, Venus, Earth, and
Mars at their approximate distance from the Sun. Draw arrows around each planet to
illustrate its direction of rotation. Also, draw an arrow in the orbit of each planet that shows
the direction of revolution.
14. In the table of planetary data, notice the mean temperatures for the planets. Plot the
mean temperatures of the terrestrial planets at their proper locations on the graph. Assume a
scale of 40 cm equals 1 AU and use the temperature scale on the right axis of the graph.
Label each point with the planet’s name and connect the points to create the graph.
a) Write a brief description of this graph and describe any relationship between a
planet’s distance from the Sun and its mean temperature.
5 PART V --- Telescopes
1. Draw a sketch and label the main parts of the following telescopes…
REFLECTING TELESCOPE:
REFRACTING TELESCOPE:
2. What kind of information or data can be gather about a star from just observing its light?
3. Locate 2 observatories in Oklahoma and find out their information…
a)
Name:
Website:
Location & Distance from OCCC Campus:
Diameter of Primary Telescope:
b)
Name:
Website:
Location & Distance from OCCC Campus:
Diameter of Primary Telescope:
END OF EXERCISE 1
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