Download Terrestrial environmental Observatories: a new instrument for

Afscheidsviering Prof. Rudi Verheyen: “Vision on water resources monitoring”
26.11.2009 Antwerpen
H. Vereecken
Agrosphere Institute
Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH
Terrestrial environmental
Observatories: a new
instrument for
environmental research?
Loss of agricultural land (e.g. in China 3,5 Mio ha since 2002)
Decline of water availability (49,000 km3 per year) and water quality
1/3 of the earth‘s annual renewable water may be affected by pollution in 2050 (Gleick et al.,
1998)
Worldwide loss of biodiversity: 11.000 species are at risk
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50% of the global land surface has been changed by human activity; 23 % of the land surface is
degraded in quality
Soil, Water, Air
and Biosphere
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1750: 1 bn
2008: 6.7 bn
2050: 10 bn
Facts of Global Change
World population development from 1750 to 2050:
Existing measurement networks are typically focused on specific compartments and
research questions
Long-term hydrological and ecological data are urgently needed for validating terrestrial
environmental models
There is a need for capacity building in the field of terrestrial research by bringing
together different research communities
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Global Change affects all compartments of the terrestrial environment (water, soil,
vegetation, atmosphere) with complex feedback mechanisms
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Deutsches Zentrum für
Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V.
The effects of Global Change on terrestrial systems are regionally differentiated
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Motivation
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Temperature increase in 2100 [°C]
Climate models are projecting
significant climate change in
Germany in the next 100 years:
• Increase in temperature
(2.5 – 3.5°C)
• Decrease in precipitation
(up to 30 %)
Climate Change in Germany
Umweltbundesamt:
Künftige Klimaänderungen in Deutschland – Regionale
Projektionen für das 21. Jahrhundert
Hintergrundpapier
April 2006, aktualisiert im September 2006
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2060 2070 2080 2090 2100
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Precipitation decrease in 2100 [mm]
Temperature [°C]
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The TERENO Network
Lead coordination: GFZ
• Planned German Lowland Observatory
R. Glaser 2008: Klimageschichte
•Mitteleuropas
Bavarian Alps
/ pre-Alps
– 1200
JahreObservatory
Wetter,
Klima,
Katastrophen
mit HMUG
Prognosen
Joint
coordination:
/ FZKfür
das 21. Jahrhundert.
Lead coordination: UFZ
• Halle/Leipzig Observatory
Regions
high sensitivity
to
Leadwith
coordination:
FZJ
Climate Change
• Lower Rhine Valley / Eifel Observatory
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• To bridge the gap between measurement,
model and management
• To determine effective parameters, fluxes
and state variables for different scales
• To analyse the interactions and feedbacks
between soil, vegetation and atmosphere
from the point to the catchment scale
• To study long-term influence of land use changes,
climate changes, socioeconomic developments
and human interventions in terrestrial systems
• To provide long-term environmental data in
a multi-scale and multi-temporal mode
General Scientific Objectives
To exploit the availability of novel
technologies and high performance
computer facilities for terrestrial research
To establish common measurement
platforms as the basis for long term data
sets
To combine observation and
experimentation
To foster synergies within the research
Area Earth and Environment and
between Helmholtz-centers and national
and international research organizations
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To bring together scientists from
different scientific communities and to
integrate disciplines
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BIOLOGY
SOCIOECONOMIC
ASPECTS
PEDOLOGY
CLIMATOLOGY
GROUND, AIR & SPACEBORNE
OBSERVING SYSTEMS
HYDROLOGY
TERENO – The concept
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Next step:
Linking up
DFG-Biodiversity
Exploratories
NLP Eifel Wüstebach
Scheyern
Leipzig-Halle
Schorfheide-Chorin
Uckermark
NLP Müritz
Integrating TERENO and LTER sites
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Geoarchive
Combination of real-time process observations (e.g. soil moisture, hydrology,
vegetation) and evaluation of geoarchives (seaborne, colluvials, peats, soils)
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Field observation
Integrated system analysis of climate- and landscape development/process
understanding
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Remote Sensing
Region impacts of Global Change on near-natural terrestrial ecosystems and
landscape in space and time
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Combination of process observations with geoarchives
Optimized energy and trace gas fluxes
and balances
Improved use of soil microbial functions
for better plant nutrition and plant
protection
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Adapted and sustainable plant production
systems in crop rotations of plants for
food, feed and bioenergy
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Research Farm
Klostergut Scheyern
Impact of land use changes on agro-ecosystems
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University of Cologne
„Patterns in Soil-Vegetation-Atmosphere
Systems: Monitoring, Modelling and Data
Assimilation“
• Close cooperation with the Collaborative
Research Centre:
• Dense official monitoring network available
• Reference area: National park Eifel
• Distinct Gradients (e.g. Geology, Climate,
Landuse, Topography)
The Pilot Observatory Rur Catchment
NS
Temp.
Temperature [°C]
1961
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0
2
4
6
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10
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1964
1967
1970
1973
1976
Year
1979
1982
1985
1988
Mean temperature trend within the Rur catchment 1961-2000
1991
1994
1997
R = 0.399
2
y = 0.0435x + 8.2222
The Rur Catchment – Trends in air temperature
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Testsite “Wüstebach”
Testsite „Rollesbroich“
Testsite „Selhausen“
Meteorological
Observatory
University of Cologne
•Developing new measurement
technologies
•Introduce patterns and structures
into SVA models by data
assimilation techniques
•Quantification of the influence of
small scale structures and
heterogeneity on larger scales
•Analysis of the role SVA patterns
and feed back mechanisms
between compartments on
terrestrial processes
•Installation of a long-term
monitoring network for exchange
processes in the Soil-VegetationAtmosphere (SVA) continuum
Pilot Terrestrial Observatory Rur catchment
Goals
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Opening of the new polarimetric weather radar for regional
measurements of precipitation and wind fields
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Rainscanner
Wüstebach
X-band
polarimetric
Doppler-Radar
Sophienhöhe
Basin scale weather radar network
X-band
polarimetric
Doppler-Radar
Meteorological
Institute, Bonn
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Far-field GPR
Electrical resitivity
tomography
IRthermography
Eddy covariance
13.5 m TDR Trench
Temperature, soil water content, CO2, Matric potential
CO2 closed
chambers
L-band
radiometer
Eco-Dimona
Combining geophysics, meteorology and remote sensing to quantify
effective water and carbon fluxes at the field scale
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Mapping field scale soil moisture with L-band radiometer and GPR
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EC-5 Sensor
TE Sensor
SoilNet End Device
Antenna
ZigBee Module
Battery
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Preliminary results: Soil water content
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Soil Moisture
Sensor Network
Groundwater Wells
Soil Respiration
Chambers
Eddy-Flux Towers
Lysimeter
Deforestation Area
The Wüstebach experimental catchment
Runoff Gauging Stations
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Pre-event soil water content distribution
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Event soil water content distribution
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EMIRAD, PLMR, SAR
Ÿ momentary imaging
Radiometer and Sensor Networks (SoilNet)
Ÿ long-term continuous monitoring
Test sites
sed n
a
b
el
tio
Mod nalisa
o
Airborne campaigns
regi
From the local to the regional Scale…
global
regional
local
PLMR Rur Campaign 2008
Ÿ continuous monitoring
Satellites (e.g. SMOS)
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SAR Data from the
SARTEO campaign 2007
over the Rur catchment
Parameter Estimation:
Algorithms for environ. parameter estimation
Validation with ground measurements
Data Processing:
Flight position processing (DGPS)
Raw data processing
Campaign Execution:
Calibration instrument
Measurement campaign
Campaign Preparation:
Flight planning
Testsite location
Example of an airborne campaign:
Environmental Sensing with Multi-Sensors
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Real time monitoring of
e.g. soil moisture
Assimilation
(E.g. Kalman
filtering, Particle
filtering)
Assimilation
Supercomputer JUBL
Hydrological
model (e.g.
WaSim-ETH)
2-way Coupling
(Local model)
Weather
prediction model
and hydrological fluxes (z.B.
evapotranspiration, Groundwater
recharge,
Surface runoff)
Assimilating hydrological data for
soil
moisture
prediction
5-daily prediction of soil moisture
Weather data
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Terrestrial
Biosphere
air chemistry
 Biogenic/microbial
exchange, transpiration
Ÿ Met./climate variables,
heat fluxes, land surface
& soil properties
 Latent & sensible
Terrestrial
Hydrosphere
& Land Surface
+ anthropogenic impact/management
properties, leaching
 Water availability, land
surface & physical &
chemical soil properties
Ÿ Dynamic vegetation
Atmosphere
Ÿ Met./climate variables
Challenge: Integrated and coupled modelling
Wüstebach
ǻ Temp ~ 2.5 °C
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Weilheim
Unternogg
Graswang
Ammer Catchment
ǻ Temp ~ 3 °C
Rollesbroich
Sehlhausen
Rur Catchment
Bad Lauchstädt
Schäfertal
Halberstadt
Bode Catchment
Uecker Catchment
Climate-Feedback-Experimentations: Lysimeter Network TERENO-SoilCan
ǻ Rainfall ~ 500 mm
ǻ Rainfall ~ 700 mm
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ǻ Temp ~ 2.5 °C
~ 550 ü NN
Weilheim
(E-Balance, CO2, H2O)
Eddy covariance
on lysimeter systems
ƒ Measurement of N2O, NOx, CO2, CH4
ƒ Lysimeter ~ 1m3
ƒ Micro-Rainfall radar MRR2
ƒ Climate station
Climate-Feedback-Experimentations
ǻ Rainfall ~700 mm
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Lysimeter specification:
Surface area: 1 m³
Depth: 1.5 m
Resolution: 0.01 mm / 10 g
Lysimeter Station
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Outreach: TERENO Workshop on Distributed Sensing
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GPR
Radiometer
WeatherRadar
SMOS
SAR
Multi-scale observations using noninvasive and novel Technologies
Super
Computing
Modelling
Soil moisture
Evapotranspiration
Runoff
Hydrological Processes
Vision: To predict terrestrial processes from sensing information
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Universities
Federal and
Länder
authorities and
agencies
National park
Water association,
Industry,
Agriculture
Research Center
Geological surveys, DWD
Local
LTER
DFG-Biodiversity
Exploratories
BIOLOGY
BIOLOGY
ICOS
FLUXNET
CarboEurope
ALARM
LTSER
SOCIOECONOMIC
ASPECTS
SOCIOECONOMIC
ASPECTS
CZO
ANAEE
PEDOLOGY
CLIMATOLOGY
CLIMATOLOGY
Global
GROUND, AIR & SPACEBORNE
OBSERVING SYSTEMS
HYDROLOGY
CUAHSI
HOBE
NOHAHYDROLOGY
TERENO Networking