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THE ROMAN EMPIRE “All roads lead to Rome.” THE END OF THE REPUBLIC Caesar is the man credited with ending the republic. How did Caesar end the republic? Caesar was murdered in 44 B.C. leaving Rome in chaos. It became ruled by a triumvirate between. Mark Antony, Caesar’s closest follower and general. Octavian, Caesar’s grand-nephew and adopted son. Ruled the west. Marcus Aemilius Lepidus, one of Caesar’s generals. Ruled the east. Ruled Africa. All three shared power in the Italian peninsula. This only lasted a short period of time, and civil war broke out. Octavian won after 13 years of fighting. Above – Mark Antony Below - Marcus Lepidus OCTAVIAN CAESAR In 27 B.C. Octavian told the Senate he had restored the republic and offered to quit his job. The Senate liked Octavian though, and he became the first emperor or the Roman Empire. He took the power of emperor, but refused to be crowned emperor. He received the title Augustus, or “revered one.” AUGUSTUS Augustus wanted to bring back to “old Roman virtues.” Made religion more important. Made the Senate think they had power. Had every soldier swear allegiance to him. Strengthen the borders, not expand them. The government and system Augustus set was so successful it brought peace and prosperity to the Romans for 200 years. This was called the Pax Romana Octavian Caesar Augustus GOVERNING CONQUERED PEOPLES Most of the people Rome conquered remained free. People were allowed to keep their religion. Local rulers could still rule. People’s lives did not have to change very much. Romans put in a governor, which had an army. These were divided into Provinces, and created a capital city. Romans wanted peace, taxes, and for the people to buy Roman goods. Many conquered peoples did adopt Roman lifestyles. ROME’S INFLUENCE Rome saw the unconquered people as barbarians. Uncultured Stupid uncivilized Rome wanted to civilize the world, and therefore brought many good things to conquered areas. Public baths, aqueducts, roads, etc…