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Download Sentence Parts Key - English with Ms. Tuttle
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Parts of a Sentence (Basic) Name: ___________________________________________________ Date: __________________ Period: __________ Rationale: In order to able to determine whether a sentence is formed correctly, you must be able to break that sentence down into the component parts which create it! For this purpose we will be learning the most basic sentence parts today— predicates, subjects, direct/indirect objects, predicate nouns/adjectives, and prepositional phrases. Definitions: Predicate A predicate is the word which expresses what is happening, being done, or the state of being, being expressed in a sentence. A predicate is an action verb, linking verb, or is made of helping verb(s) combined with an action or linking verb to make a verb phrase. Answers the question: What is happening in this sentence? Subject A subject is a person, place, thing, or idea that is doing the doing or being. Answers the question: Who/what is (predicate)? Direct Object A direct object is a noun/pronoun which follows an action verb and receive the action of the verb. Answers the question: Whom/what does the (subject) (predicate)? Indirect Object An indirect object is a noun/pronoun which follows an action verb and tells to whom or for whom the action is done. Answers the question: To whom/for whom does the (subject) (predicate) (direct object)? Predicate Noun A predicate noun is a noun which follows a linking verb and equals or renames the subject. Predicate Adjective A predicate adjective is an adjective which follows a linking verb and which describes/modifies the subject. Prepositional Phrases A prepositional phrase is made from a preposition and a noun/pronoun which follows that preposition and is called the “object of the preposition.” Note: Prepositions always show the relationship between a noun (which follows the preposition) and the rest of the sentence. Basic Building Blocks: To form a complete (proper) sentence you must have at least two things: a predicate, and a subject. If you do not have these two components, you only have a phrase (an incomplete sentence), rather than a complete sentence (clause). Example of a complete sentence (clause): I run. I play. Example of a phrase: At home Clogged with dog hair Exercise I: Circle the verbs and underline the subjects in the exercise. Note that not every number provides a complete sentence! 1. At one time. 2. I live here. 3. Skipping through the rain. 4. The cow jumped over the moon. 5. The cake started to burn. 6. At a young age I learned how to swim. 7. Jumping up and down. 8. Sit down! (implied you) Complements While some sentences are complete with just a subject and a verb, other's require a complement to complete the meaning of the verb. Example: I slept all day. --no complement I gave James the book. --two complements The cake was soggy. --one complement There are four types of complements which we care about: Direct objects -- follow an action verb and receive the object of the verb. They answer whom or what. Indirect objects -- follow an action verb and tell to whom or for whom the action is done. Predicate nouns -- follow a linking verb and equal the subject. Predicate adjectives -- follow a linking verb and describe or modify the subject. Exercise II: First, circle the action verbs and then underline the subjects. Next, find and label the direct objects (DO) and indirect objects (IO) in the following sentences (if there are any). 1. The boy hated his brother (DO). 2. He was a silly little boy. 3. The boy's brother cried. 4. He was mean. 5. The boy gave his brother (IO) a toy (DO). 6. The brother hit his brother (DO). 7. They were cruel. 8. The children scared their sister (DO) with a slug. 9. The children were being awful. 10. Ms. Tuttle has given her students (IO) sentences (DO) about awful children. Exercise III: First, circle the linking verbs and underline the subjects. Next, find and label the predicate nouns (PN) and the predicate adjectives (PA) in the following sentences (if there are any). 1. I am depressed (PA). 2. Most of the time I am happy (PA). 3. Sleeping is a luxury (PN). 4. I wish to sleep. 5. I long for sleep. 6. My head is foggy(PA). 7. Sitting on the edge of the bed, Max looked sad (PA). 8. Ms. Tuttle cannot think clearly. Prepositional Phrases To make sure that your subjects and verbs match, you must be able to find the subject and verb in the midst of a sea of prepositional phrases. A prepositional phrase connects a noun to the rest of the sentence by using a preposition. Prepositional phrases CANNOT stand on their own because they are PHRASES meaning that they have no subject or verb, only preposition and the object of the preposition. Example: The team was on the moon. At home she likes to cook. She was sick for years. Exercise IV: First, circle the verb and label them either action, linking, or helping. Next, underline the subjects. Shade in the prepositions, and then finally label all the complements (DO, IO, PN, and PA) as well as the objects of the prepositions (OP). 1. On Sunday (OP) it will (HV) rain (AV). 2. It is(LV) beautiful (PA) today. 3. Once upon a time (OP), I was (LV) in a story (OP). 4. The dog jumped (AV) over my legs (OP), onto my books(OP), through the laundry(OP), and onto the other dog(OP). 5. My dog is (LV)very loud (PA). 6. Both of my dogs(OP) are (HV) sleeping (AV) on the floor(OP). 7. I need (AV) more topics (DO). 8. I am (LV) tired (PA) of writing (OP) about dogs(OP). 9. Boomer is (LV) mean (PA) to Max(OP). 10. Max loves (AV) Boomer (DO) anyway.