Download THE EARLY COLD WAR YEARS Chapter 15, Section 2 Containing

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THE EARLY COLD WAR YEARS
Chapter 15, Section 2
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Containing Communism
1. The Americans become increasingly _______________________ with the Soviets.
2. The State Department asked the American Embassy in Moscow to explain Soviet
behavior.
3. On February 22, 1946, ____________________________ an American diplomat,
responded with the ______________________________.
4. In the telegram:
a. Kennan discussed Russian insecurity and fear of the West and why it was
impossible to reach an agreement.
b. He proposed a long-term ________________________ of Russian expansion.
This led to Truman’s policy of containment
1. Containment - keeping communism within its present territory
2. Containment would involve ____________________, ____________________, and
__________________ actions.
Iran and Oil
1. After WWII, Soviet troops remained in northern _____________________, demanding
access to Iran’s oil supplies.
2. Soviet troops helped Communists in northern Iran set up a separate government.
3. The United States demanded their withdrawal and sent a US
_________________________ into the eastern Mediterranean.
4. The Soviets withdrew from Iran.
The Truman Doctrine.
1. On March 12, 1947, Truman went before congress to request $400 million to fight
Soviet aggression in ___________________ and _____________________.
2. The Policy became known as the Truman ______________________.
3. Its purpose was to stabilize the Greek government and ease Soviet demands in Turkey.
4. It became the United State’s pledge to stop ________________________ in the world.
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The Marshall Plan
1. Postwar Western Europe faced economic ruin and starvation.
2. In June 1947, Secretary of State George C. Marshall proposed the European Recovery
Program called the Marshall Plan.
3. The Plan would give European nations American ___________________ to rebuild.
4. The Plan was an effort to fight hunger, poverty, and chaos.
5. The Soviet Union and its ________________________ nations in Eastern Europe rejected the offer
and developed their own economic program.
6. The Marshall Plan gave ___________________ of dollars worth of supplies, machinery, and food to
Western Europe
7. It lessened the _________________________of communism and opened new trade markets.
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Reading Checks
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What were the goals of the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan? ________________
________________________________________________________________________
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What triggered the beginning of the Berlin airlift? _______________________________
________________________________________________________________________
II. The Berlin Crisis
By early 1948, the United States, Great Britain, and France ___________________ their zones in
Germany and in Berlin.
1. The allied part became ________________________.
2. The Soviet zone eventually became known as ___________________________.
In June 1948, Soviet troops ___________________________ all road and rail traffic to West Berlin
1. They hoped to force Americans to renegotiate Germany’s status or give up
Berlin.
2. In Response, Truman sent long-range bombers with
_______________________weapons to bases in Britain.
3. Truman then ordered the _____________________________________.
4. For eleven months, cargo planes supplied Berliners with food, medicine, and
coal.
5. Stalin finally lifted the ___________________________ on May 12.
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (_____________), April 1949
1. Congress supported American participation in a ___________________ alliance
with Western Europe.
2. NATO - a mutual defense alliance, 12 nations originally
3. The members agreed to come to the ____________ of any member who was
attacked.
The ________________ Pact.
1. The US and its allies allowed West Germany to join NATO.
2. Soviet leaders responded with their own __________________________
alliance known as the Warsaw Pact.
III. The Cold War Spreads to East Asia
China turns Red
1. Communist forces and ________________ forces had been battling since the
late 1920s.
2. The two had stopped their war during World War II in an effort to resist
_________________________ occupation.
3. With the end of World War II, civil war broke out again.
4. The Nationalists were defeated after _________________ leadership caused the
US to stop sending aid.
5. In October 1949, Communists set up the _____________ ___________ of China,
led by Mao Zedong.
First Soviet Nuclear Test Announced, In September, 1949.
China and USSR signed a treaty of friendship and alliance, early 1950.
The United States was able to keep Communist China out of the __________________ ______________
1. The UN allowed Nationalists from __________________ to retain their seats.
2. The Soviets ____________________________ the UN.
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Reading Checks P
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How did the revolution in China affect American foreign policy with Japan? __________
________________________________________________________________________
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IV. The Korean War
Korea Splits
1. At the end of World War II, American and Soviet forces entered Korea to
______________________ Japanese troops stationed there.
2. The Allies divided Korea at the _________________________ of latitude.
3. Soviet troops controlled the __________________ and set up a Communist
government.
IV. The Korean War
4. American troops controlled the south with an American-backed
_____________________________.
5. The Soviets gave __________________ aid to the north
6. On June 25, 1950, North Korean troops __________________ South Korea.
UN “Police Action”
1. Truman asked the UN to act against the Communist invasion of South Korea.
2. Without the Soviets in the _______ sent a force led by American and South
Korean Troops.
The Korean War
1. North Korean troops pushed the South Korean and Americans to the very
____________ of South Korea.
2. US / S. Korean forces held them off long enough to allow __________________
to perform a daring invasion behind enemy lines.
3. They were then able to push the N. Koreans back all the way to the very N. of
Korea.
China Joins the War
1. The Communist Chinese government saw the UN troops as a
_____________________ and demanded that they stop advancing.
2. After being ignored, _________________ began a massive attack with hundreds
of thousands of Chinese troops heading across the border
3. They drove UN forces back.
General MacArthur Fired
1. General MacArthur demanded approval to __________________ the war
against China.
2. Truman ________________________ MacArthur’s demands.
3. MacArthur publicly __________________________ the president.
4. Truman fired MacArthur
5. Truman was committed to _________________________, a war fought to
achieve a limited objective such as containing communism.
By 1951 UN forces had pushed Chinese and North Koreans back across the 38th parallel. An
______________________ was signed July 1953.
The Korean War was an important turning point in the Cold War.
1. Instead of just using political pressure and economic aid to contain communism,
the United States began a major __________________ buildup.
2. The Korean War expanded the Cold War beyond Europe and into ___________.
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Reading Checks
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How did President Truman view the Communist invasion of South Korea? ___________
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