Download Atoms vs. Molecules

MATTER
• WE WILL ADDRESS TWO SEPARATE QUESTIONS REGARDING HOW
MATTER IS ORGANIZED
• IT IS IMPORTANT TO KEEP IN MIND THESE ARE 2 SEPARATE
QUESTIONS:
• 1. WHAT TYPE OF MATTER IS IT?
• IT WILL BE EITHER AN ELEMENT OR COMPOUND
• 2. WHAT ARE THE SMALLEST PARTICLES
OF THIS MATTER?
• IT WILL BE EITHER ATOMS OR MOLECULES
ATOMS VS. MOLECULES
• REMEMBER THAT MANY SAMPLES OF
PURE ELEMENTS CONSIST OF
INDIVIDUAL ATOMS.
• OFTEN IN NATURE ELEMENTS REACT
WITH ONE ANOTHER TO FORM NEW
SUBSTANCES.
• WHEN THIS HAPPENS ATOMS BECOME
BONDED TO OTHER ATOMS.
• THIS COLLECTION OF ATOMS BONDED
TOGETHER IS CALLED A MOLECULE.
Atoms
Molecule
ELEMENTS VS. COMPOUNDS
• WHILE
SOME EVERYDAY MATTER IS ELEMENTS MOST
IS NOT PURE ELEMENTS AND ARE CALLED
COMPOUNDS.
• ELEMENTS
• COLLECTIONS OF PURE INDIVIDUAL ATOMS
ARE CALLED ELEMENTS.
• FOR EXAMPLE Neon Ne, Helium He
• COLLECTIONS OF MOLECULES THAT ARE MADE
FROM ONLY ONE KIND OF ATOM ARE
ELEMENTS
• FOR EXAMPLE OXYGEN - O2, SULFUR -
S8
ELEMENTS VS. COMPOUNDS
• COMPOUNDS
• COLLECTIONS OF PURE
INDIVIDUAL MOLECULES
MADE UP OF DIFFERENT TYPES
OF ATOMS ARE CALLED
COMPOUNDS.
• THE MOLECULES CONTAIN AT
LEAST
2 DIFFERENT
ELEMENTS
• FOR EXAMPLE H2O,
CO2, C6H12O6
SPECIAL TYPES OF COMPOUNDS
• THERE ARE A FEW CATEGORIES OF COMPOUNDS
THAT ARE OF SPECIAL INTEREST
• ORGANIC
• ALL ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
HAVE MOLECULES
THAT ARE FORMED FROM CARBON ATOMS
• THE ELEMENT CARBON AND THE COMPOUNDS
THAT FORM FROM IT ARE THE BASIS OF ALL
LIVING SYSTEMS INCLUDING HUMAN LIFE.
• EXAMPLES OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
INCLUDE PROTEINS, FATS, GLUCOSE,
PETROLEUM PRODUCTS INCLUDING
GASOLINE, ALCOHOLS
• POLYMERS
SPECIAL TYPES OF COMPOUNDS
• MOST BUT NOT ALL POLYMERS ARE ALSO
ORGANIC BECAUSE THEY CONTAIN
CARBON
• COMPOUNDS MADE UP OF VERY LARGE
MOLECULES THAT HAVE REPEATING
GROUPS OF ATOMS.
• THE REPEATING GROUPS OF ATOMS ARE
KNOWN AS MONOMERS
• THE MONOMER GROUPS COMBINE TO
FORM MOLECULES THAT ARE LONG
CHAINS
SPECIAL TYPES OF COMPOUNDS
• SOME POLYMERS EXIST IN NATURE AND
MANY ARE MAN MADE.
• EXAMPLES OF POLYMERS INCLUDE:
• PLASTIC ITEMS
• PAINTS, SEALANTS AND ADHESIVES
• PROTEINS
• COMSMETIC ITEMS LIKE HAIR GEL,
HAIR SPRAY
SPECIAL TYPES OF COMPOUNDS
• Inorganic compounds (AKA Salts)
• Formed when a metal
combines with one or more
nonmetals
• Solids at room temperature but
most will dissolve in water.
• Examples:
• Table Salt – Sodium Chloride –
NaCl
• Road Salt – Calcium chloride
- CaCl2
• Chalk – Calcium carbonate –
CaCO3
CHEMICAL BONDS
• CHEMICAL BONDS ARE FORCES OF
ATTRACTION THAT HOLD ATOMS
TOGETHER
• BONDS FORM WHEN THE
OUTERMOST ELECTRONS OF ATOMS
INTERACT.
• THERE ARE TWO MOST COMMON
TYPES OF BONDS
1. IONIC BONDS
2. COVALENT BONDS
IONIC BONDS
• Ionic bonds form when one atom
gives up one or more electrons
to another atom.
• Metals tend to give up electrons
and become positively
charged
• Called cations
• Nonmetals tend to accept or
gain electrons and become
negatively charged
• Called Anions
• Example – Table salt which is
sodium chloride (NaCl)
COVALENT BONDS
• COVALENT BONDS FORM WHEN
TWO ATOMS SHARE THEIR
OUTERMOST ELECTRONS
• BY SHARING ELECTRONS BOTH
ATOMS WIND UP WITH A FULL
OUTTER SHELL OF ELECTRONS.
• EXAMPLES – WATER - H2O
TYPES OF MATTER
Type of
Matter
Element
Example:
Helium He
Neon Ne
2 or more
like atoms
combined
Example:
Oxygen O2,
Sulfur S8
Must be
Individual
Atoms
Compound
Atoms of
At least 2
different
elements
bonded
Example:
Water H2O
Glucose C6H12O6
TYPES OF PARTICLE
Atom
Single atoms
not bonded
to any others
Example:
Neon Ne
Helium He
Type of
Particle
Molecule
Two or more
atoms bonded
together
Example:
Oxygen O2
Water H2O
Glucose
C6H12O6