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Chapter 2-European Exploration of the Americas Section 1-Spain Claims an Empire Vocabulary Treaty of Tordesillas-a treaty between Spain and Portugal that decided where the Line of Demarcation should be Missionaries-people sent to convert the native people to Christianity Mercantilism-a way of making money for a country Colony-an area of people controlled by another country Amerigo Vespucci-a sailor from Italy who wanted to find a sea route to Asia Vasco Nunez de Balboa-a Spanish sailor who reached the Pacific Ocean Conquistadors-Spanish soldiers who explored the Americas and claimed anything they found for Spain Hernando Cortes-one of the conquistadors; Montezuma-ruler of the Aztecs Alliances-agreements between people Siege-when a city is surrounded by their enemy Francisco Pizarro-explored Peru Overview of Section 1 The kings of Spain and Portugal were upset with where Pope Alexander drew the dividing line for claimed lands. European countries wanted to explore different lands to spread Christianity and make their empires bigger. They also wanted to become richer. Important Explorers were Americo Vespucci, Vasco de Balboa and Ferdinand Magellan Spanish soldiers came to explore the Americas and claim the land for Spain. Hernando Cortez and his men found the Aztecs, native people of Mexico The leader of the Aztecs, Montezuma, was afraid that one of his gods had sent Cortez to rule over the Aztecs. Chapter 2-European Exploration of the Americas Cortez took Montezuma hostage and tried to tell the Aztec people what to do, which they didn’t like. The Aztecs and Spanish soldiers got onto a big fight. The next year Cortez and more soldiers came back to take over the Aztec empire and they succeeded. In Peru lived a people called the Incas. Francisco Pizarro led a trip to find the Incas. He and his men captured the Incan leader and killed him. Why did the Spanish soldiers succeed? The Spanish brought new diseases that the native people did not have, killing lots of them. The Spanish were excellent soldiers and had better weapons (guns). Spanish soldiers made friends with Native Americans who were glad to fight against the Aztecs and the Incas. The Spanish soldiers were very mean to their Native American friends. Francisco de Coronado and Hernando de Soto both tried to find cities of gold but neither found one. Section 2- European Competition in North America Vocabulary John Cabot- explorer from Italy who crossed the Atlantic Ocean to claim land for England Giovanni da Verrazano-explorer from Italy who tried to claim land for France Jacques Cartier-A French explorer who explored what is now parts of Canada Armada-a lot of warships Samuel de Champlain- explorer from France who explored what are parts of Quebec Canada today New France-the colony started in Quebec Overview of Section 2 Henry Hudson sailed for England trying to find a way to China-he did not succeed. Chapter 2-European Exploration of the Americas John Cabot sailed for England. He landed in what is now part of Canada but thought he was in China. Giovanni de Verrazano sailed for France. He explored the Atlantic coastline of North America. Jacques Cartier sailed for France and sailed near Canada. Spain, England and France all claimed land in North America and started fighting each other. France and Spain fought over Florida-Spain won. England and Spain also fought. The Spanish king sent a lot of ships (armada) to conquer England but it didn’t work. Samuel de Champlain sailed for France and started the first permanent French settlement in North America in what is now Canada. The Dutch built a colony called New Netherlands which is now New York Section 3-The Spanish and Native Americans Vocabulary Viceroyalty-a province rules by someone called a viceroy Encomienda-a grant of Native American labor Hacienda-Spanish word for house Pope-led the Pueblo Indians in a rebellion against the Spanish Plantations-large farms that raised crops Bartolome de Las Casas-fought for better treatment of the Native American people Columbian Exchange- the movement of animals, people and diseases from the Eastern hemisphere to the Western hemisphere Overview of Section 3 Spain controlled much of the Americas. They built roads to transport people and items (gold and silver) between the areas. The Spanish used Native Americans to do the work. Chapter 2-European Exploration of the Americas Missions were set up to teach Christianity and convert people into believing what Christians believe (one god, Jesus, the bible, etc.). Not all Native Americans wanted to convert to Christianity. Pope was a Native American who led others in a rebellion against the Spanish. The Spanish forced Native Americans to work on plantations and treated them like slaves. De Las Casas tried to help the Native Americans get better treatment. When the settlers came over from Europe, they brought many animals and plants the Native Americans had never seen but also brought new diseases. Section 4-Beginnings of Slavery in the Americas Vocabulary Slavery-holding a person against their will and making them do your work Depopulated-to lose people in your population Diaspora-the removal of people from their homeland and moving them someplace else African Diaspora-when people were removed from Africa to be slaves Middle passage-the trip by enslaved people from Africa to the Americas Racism-the belief that some people are worse than you because of their race Slave codes-laws created to control the treatment of slaves Overview of Section 4 In the 1600’s, slaves are being used in America. People were often captured in battle or sold to pay off someone’s debts. Some were treated with respect but most were not. The Spanish and Portuguese used Native Americans as slaves but then captured men and women from Africa. Slave codes were made to create better treatment of the slaves but the slave holders did not also follow these rules.