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Civil War Chapter 15, Lessons 1-3 Name ________________________________________________________ Vocabulary Anaconda Plan Blockade Civil War Civilian Draft Emancipation Proclamation Gettysburg Address Total War People Clara Barton Jefferson Davis Ulysses S. Grant Robert E. Lee Abraham Lincoln William T. Sherman 1 Civil War Timeline 1861 March 4 April 12 July 21 1862 March 9 April 6-7 May 31 – June 1 Sept.17 Sept.22 Dec.13 1863 Jan.1 May 1-4 July 1-3 July 4 Nov.19 1864 March 10 Sept.2 Nov.8 Dec.21 1865 Jan.31 April 9 April 14 April 26 2 Activities: Guided Readings/Elementary The Civil War 1861–1865 The Civil War was a fight between the United States of America (the North) and the Confederate States of America (the South). It began after the 1860 Presidential Election. The war started as the country tried to settle two questions: Should the United States keep allowing slavery? Could a state break away from the United States if it chose? Abraham Lincoln was the Republican Party candidate in 1860. He was against slavery. He believed that a state could not leave the United States. The Democratic Party had members in the North and in the South. Stephen Douglas ran as a Democrat from the North. John C. Breckinridge ran as a Democrat from the South. The vote for the Democrats split between these men. Some Southern states said they would leave the Union if a Republican became president. Lincoln won the election. Soon after, South Carolina left the Union. Six other Southern states did, too. These states formed a new government. They were now the Confederate States of America. They chose a president, Jefferson Davis. This new government gave states more freedom to make their own rules. They wanted to keep slavery. Not all the slave states joined the Confederacy. The Border States were four Southern slave states that did not. The Border States were sometimes helpful to the North. The Confederates wanted United States troops out. Lincoln told the troops to stay. He said the South could not leave the Union. The Confederates attacked Union forts to show their independence. The Union troops fought back. Soon four more states joined the Confederacy. Both sides thought the war would end quickly. They were very wrong. Each side had advantages. The North had a bigger army. It had more factories and railroads to make and to move supplies. It had more banks and money to fund the war. It also had a navy. The South was fighting on its own land. It had better military leaders, and its troops were more willing to fight. Its soldiers also had better skills with rifles. Both sides made great sacrifices. CICERO © 2010 3 1 Activities: Guided Readings/Elementary Some people thought Lincoln became too powerful during the Civil War. He ended habeas corpus for a time. This meant people could be arrested and jailed without proof they had committed a crime. This violated the United States Constitution. People suspected of being Confederate spies were jailed. Lincoln blocked the South with United States Navy ships. The Southerners could not get supplies. Lincoln thought he needed to take these actions to win the war and to keep the country together. The Union lost most of the early battles. Lincoln was not pleased with the army’s performance. He made a new law, the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863. It freed slaves in Southern states that fought against the Union. Lincoln did this so England would no longer help the South. The English traded with the South for its cotton, but they also opposed slavery. Once Lincoln made the war about slavery, England stopped helping the South. The commander of the Southern army was Robert E. Lee. He was a great general. He was very popular with his men. The Union began to win more battles. Most of the battles were in the South, but one of the worst battles was in the North. General Lee tried to attack Washington, D.C. The armies fought near Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. The battle lasted three terrible days. More than 50,000 soldiers were killed, and Lee was forced to retreat. The Northern army did not pursue him. The Union won this battle at great cost. Lincoln wanted his generals to win and to end the war. He believed the Union troops should have crushed any chance for the South to retreat and fight again. He replaced his commanding general with Ulysses S. Grant. The North went on to win most of the later Civil War battles. Lincoln was elected president again in 1864. General Grant still kept his army fighting. The Union Army went after Lee and his troops. Finally, they had Lee surrounded. Lee’s men had little food and few supplies. Many had been killed or wounded. Lee had no choice; he had to surrender. He knew to continue would only cause more deaths. There was no way the Confederacy could win. General Robert E. Lee surrendered at Appomattox Court House, Virginia, on April 9, 1865. The United States had a long road ahead to rebuild the nation after the Civil War, but the country remained as one. CICERO © 2010 4 2 Name: ________________________________ Date: ____________________ The Civil War (1861–1865) Answer the following questions with complete sentences. 1. Why did the South want to leave the Union? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 2. What was the first state to leave the Union? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 3. What advantages did the North have during the Civil War? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 4. What advantages did the South have during the Civil War? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 5. Where and when did General Robert E. Lee surrender? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 5 Executive Mansion, Washington, August 22, 1862. Hon. Horace Greeley: Dear Sir. I have just read yours of the 19th. addressed to myself through the New-York Tribune. If there be in it any statements, or assumptions of fact, which I may know to be erroneous, I do not, now and here, controvert them. If there be in it any inferences which I may believe to be falsely drawn, I do not now and here, argue against them. If there be perceptable in it an impatient and dictatorial tone, I waive it in deference to an old friend, whose heart I have always supposed to be right. As to the policy I "seem to be pursuing" as you say, I have not meant to leave any one in doubt. I would save the Union. I would save it the shortest way under the Constitution. The sooner the national authority can be restored; the nearer the Union will be "the Union as it was." If there be those who would not save the Union, unless they could at the same time save slavery, I do not agree with them. If there be those who would not save the Union unless they could at the same time destroy slavery, I do not agree with them. My paramount object in this struggle is to save the Union, and is not either to save or to destroy slavery. If I could save the Union without freeing any slave I would do it, and if I could save it by freeing all the slaves I would do it; and if I could save it by freeing some and leaving others alone I would also do that. What I do about slavery, and the colored race, I do because I believe it helps to save the Union; and what I forbear, I forbear because I do not believe it would help to save the Union. I shall do less whenever I shall believe what I am doing hurts the cause, and I shall do more whenever I shall believe doing more will help the cause. I shall try to correct errors when shown to be errors; and I shall adopt new views so fast as they shall appear to be true views. I have here stated my purpose according to my view of official duty; and I intend no modification of my oft-expressed personal wish that all men every where could be free. Yours, A. Lincoln. 6 Name: ______________________________ Date: _________ Lincoln’s Letter to Horace Greeley August 22, 1862 Answer the following questions with complete sentences. 1. What was Lincoln’s primary goal in his official duty? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 2. What is Lincoln’s personal view on the issue of slavery? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 3. According to his views in this letter, why would Lincoln free the slaves? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 4. How do you think freeing all of the slaves would help save the Union? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 7 Name __________________________________________________ Date _____________ History Facebook Social Studies What if Facebook existed before 2004? What would the major players in historical events have to say about their actions? Fill in comments that would be appropriate from these historical people who had a part in the event shown. Think of two others that would comment, and add their comments too! Attack on Fort Sumter, South Carolina In this photo: Federal soldiers inside Fort Sumter, Confederate soldiers firing on the fort. Added: April 12‐14, 1861 Like • Comment Major Robert Anderson: Brig. Gen. P.G.T. Beauregard: President Abraham Lincoln: 8 Date: Name: ) TheCivilWarBegins Use the map below to complete the activity. For help, refer to pages 434 to 439 in your textbook. 1. Color the Union states on the map blue. Color the Confederate states gray. 2. What were the three parts of the Union's Anaconda Plan for victory? 3. \ Locate and label the site of the first battle of the Civil War. What caused the battle? I I 4. Locate and label the site of the First Battle of Bull Run. List two things this battle made people realize about the war. ) Qha,pter 15 "'pp. 43¢--:4~9 9 91 11' Name: Date: Using a Population Distribution Map Study the map and complete the chart below. (The first one is done for you.) Then answer the questions by circling your answer. For help, refer to pages 440 and 441 in your textbook. PACIFIC OCEAN i' , II I People per square mile More than 90 18-89 2-17 Less than 2 People per square kilometer More than 35 7-34 1-6 Less than I Gulf of Mexico Tampa" Miami. \-J Present-day boundaries are shown. City Boston Charlesfon Chicago People Per Square Mile more than 90 1. Which area has the most people? Northeast Southeast Midwest 2. Which city has the fewest people? Dallas Boston Nashville Jacksonville Denver New York Pittsburgh 3. Which city has the most people? Pittsburgh Omaha Minneapolis Seattle St. Louis 92 10 Chapter 15 . pp.,440-441 Name: Date: Use the speeches at right to complete the activity. For help, refer to pages 442 to 447 in your textbook. 1. What is the name of the document this excerpt is from? 2. What two things did this document do? ... a[[persons heldas s[aves within any state . .. in rebe[[ion against the ilnitedStates! sharf be then! henceforth! andforeverftee. 3. How did this document change the way people felt about the war? 4. Read these words from a famous speech made by President Lincoln. Which battle is he referring to? I I , I 5. How did this battle affect the course of the war? ! ~w we are engagea in agreat civi{war; testing whether that nation; or any nation so conceived; andso dedicated; can fang endure. We are met on agreat 6att£efie{d ofthat war. We have come to dedicate a portion of thatfie{C£ as afina{ resting-pracefor those who heregave their fives; that that nation might five. It is a{together fitting andproper that we shou{d do this. 6. What did President Lincoln's speech make clear about the war? ) Chapter 15· pp. 442 - 47 11 Date: Name: I I r I The Civil"'War 'Ends Use the map to help you complete the activity below. For help, refer to pages 448 to 453 in your textbook. J N w4 :! I i e I, [, ,I,. II ~ I o Major battles Confederate states ; 1 : II I 1. Draw in red the route General Sherman took on his march through Georgia. 5. Put an X on the place where Lee surrendered to Grant. Why did Lee surrender? 2. What did Grant order Sherman to do? i , . II 3. Circle the two cities on the map that Grant's men entered and captured . '4. Why had General Lee left these cities? 1 I 6. How had the war changed the South? I r I 94 12 Chapter 15 . pp. 448-453 North Vs. South South North 13 14 15 16 Activities: Guided Readings/Elementary Women in the Civil War Today, many women serve in the United States military. Hundreds of years ago women could not serve in the military. The Civil War began in 1861, and a woman’s place was to tend to home and family while her husband was at war. Women could also be nurses tending to wounded soldiers or helping the Sick Soldier Relief Society. Women made bandages for doctors and nurses to wrap wounds. They also knit socks for soldiers. Many women strongly supported the cause of the North or the South. Hundreds of women dressed as men fought in battle. Some women followed their husbands, others joined on their own. They would try to keep their identity as a woman secret. They feared punishment or embarrassment. In most cases, their identity was not revealed until they were injured and needed medical attention. There are cases of women who died in battle and refused to reveal their name before they died. Their dying wish was that they had helped the cause. Women also worked as spies. Sometimes they pretended to fall in love with soldiers or officials. The women then encouraged these men to reveal military plans. The clever spies revealed this information to help their government. Clara Barton established the Red Cross in 1881. Earlier she helped the Civil War cause in Virginia. She organized a relief program and worked to help wounded soldiers and to collect donations for the soldiers. She later served as the superintendent of nurses. She also helped to find men who were missing in action. She had many connections with military and government officials and was able to gather information about men who had been taken prisoner. Clara tried to inform families of lost soldiers about their loved ones. President Abraham Lincoln granted her permission to establish the Bureau of Records in Washington, D.C. She helped to find almost 20,000 men. Sarah Emma Edmonds dressed as a soldier and joined the Union Army. She used the name Frank Thompson. It took her four tries to be accepted into the army. She served as a male nurse and later she volunteered to become a spy. She learned all she could about weapons and military strategies. She began paying close attention to landmarks, terrain, and how military officers made decisions. Her first spy mission was to join the Confederate Army as a black soldier. Only one person was allowed to help her in her mission. She dyed her skin with silver nitrate. She worked as a member of the kitchen staff and overheard the CICERO © 2010 17 1 Activities: Guided Readings/Elementary information she needed. On another mission, she gained access to the Confederate Army as an Irish woman who sold goods to the army. She used another identity for each mission. She was considered Frank Thompson, not Sarah Emma Edmonds. She eventually returned to nursing for the Union Army, but soon she became ill. If she admitted herself to the hospital, everyone would know she was a woman. She had no choice but to leave the army until she was well. However, when she wanted to return, Frank Thompson was listed as an army deserter; so she could not return to the army. This bothered her for many years. She asked the War Department to review her case. The House of Representatives decided Sarah and Frank were the same person. She received a veteran’s pension for her service in the United States Army. CICERO © 2010 18 2 Name: ___________________________ Date: ____________________ Women in the Civil War Answer the following questions with complete sentences. 1. What were acceptable military roles for women a hundred years ago? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 2. How did women try to serve in the military? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 3. Why was Clara Barton famous? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 4. What did Clara Barton do to help Civil War soldiers? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 5. How was Sarah Emma Edmonds able to enlist in the army? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 19 6. What was Edmonds’ first job in the army? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 7. What did Edmonds volunteer to do for the army? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 8. Why did Edmonds contact the War Department after the Civil War? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ Woman in camp Sarah Emma Edmonds Clara Barton 20 21 Civil War: Fighting g g in the East Pennsylvania Civil War: Fighting in the East OH Gettysburg (1863) Antietam (1862) Harpers Ferry (1862) MD (1864) Shenandoah Washington, D.C. Bull Run (1861 & 1862) West Virginia (1863) Chancellorsville (1864) The Wilderness (1864) Spotsylvania Cold Harbor (1864) (1862) Yorktown (1865) Appomattox Delaware Fredericksburg (1862) (1862) Seven Days Virginia NJ Five Forks (1865) Monitor versus Merrimac (1862) Petersburg (1864–1865) ATLANTIC OCEAN Durham Station (1865) North Carolina South Carolina KEY 0 50 Scale: 1"=65 miles GA Fort Sumter (1861) 22 100 Union Victory Confederate Victory Draw Name: _______________________________ Date: _________ Civil War: Fighting in the East Use the information provided on the map to answer the following questions. In what state did the Battle of Gettysburg take place? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ In which state did the Battle of Antietam take place? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ Who won the battle between the Monitor and the Merrimac? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ Identify the state where each battle was fought. Gettysburg Harpers Ferry Wilderness Antietam Durham Station Chancellorsville Appomattox Fort Sumter List the years in which the following battles were fought. Shenandoah Gettysburg Petersburg Antietam Appomattox Cold Harbor Use the scale provided to determine the distance in miles between the following battlefields. Chancellorsville to Gettysburg Five Forks to Seven Days Fredricksburg to Antietam Petersburg to Appomattox 23 Civil War: Fighting g g in the West Civil War: Fighting in the West Ohio Indiana WV Illinois KS Perryville (1862) Missouri VA Kentucky IIND ND ND TER T ER E R Ft. Donelson (1862) Nashville (1864) Ft. Henry Murfreesboro (1862) (1862–1863) Chattanooga (1863) Shiloh (1862) Chickamauga Atlanta (1863) (1864) TN (1862) Memphis Arkansas MS Alabama LA Mobile Bay (1864) Port Hudson (1863) New Orleans (1862) Gulf of Mexico KEY Union Victory Confederate Victory Draw SC Georgia Jackson (1863) (1863) Vicksburg Texas NC 0 100 24 Scale: 1"=110 miles 200 Florida Name: __________________________________ Date: __________ Civil War: Fighting in the West Use the information provided on the map to answer the following questions. Who won the battle of Vicksburg? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ Who won the battle of Fort Donelson? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ Who won the battle of Memphis? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ Identify the state where each battle was fought. Vicksburg Chickamauga Atlanta Mobile Bay Chattanooga Jackson Fort Donelson Perryville List the years in which the following battles took place. Perryville Nashville Jackson Murfreesboro Vicksburg Chattanooga Use the scale provided to determine the distance in miles between the following battlefields. Perryville to Fort Henry Shiloh to Chickamauga Mobile Bay to Jackson Vicksburg to Port Hudson 25 Activities: Literature Connections 1861 Walt Whitman AARM’D year! year of the struggle! No dainty rhymes or sentimental love verses for you, terrible year! Not you as some pale poetling, seated at a desk, lisping cadenzas piano; But as a strong man, erect, clothed in blue clothes, advancing, carrying a rifle on your shoulder, With well-gristled body and sunburnt face and hands—with a knife in the belt at your side, As I heard you shouting loud—your sonorous voice ringing across the continent; Your masculine voice, O year, as rising amid the great cities, Amid the men of Manhattan I saw you, as one of the workmen, the dwellers in Manhattan; Or with large steps crossing the prairies out of Illinois and Indiana, Rapidly crossing the West with springy gait, and descending the Alleghanies; Or down from the great lakes, or in Pennsylvania, or on deck along the Ohio river; Or southward along the Tennessee or Cumberland rivers, or at Chattanooga on the mountain top, Saw I your gait and saw I your sinewy limbs, clothed in blue, bearing weapons, robust year; Heard your determin’d voice, launch’d forth again and again; Year that suddenly sang by the mouths of the round-lipp’d cannon, I repeat you, hurrying, crashing, sad, distracted year. CICERO © 2010 26 1 Name: ______________________________ Date: __________ 1861 Walt Whitman Answer the following questions with complete sentences. 1. Why does Walt Whitman refer to 1861 as the “year of the struggle”? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 2. Whom did Whitman describe as “a strong man, erect, clothed in blue clothes, advancing, carrying a rifle on your shoulder”? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 3. What does Whitman describe as moving around different parts of the country? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 27 Activities: Literature Connections Hush’d be the Camps Today Walt Whitman Hush’d be the camps today, And soldiers let us drape our war-worn weapons, And each with musing soul retire to celebrate, Our dear commander’s death. No more for him life’s stormy conflicts, Nor victory, nor defeat — no more time’s dark events, Charging like ceaseless clouds across the sky. But sing poet in our name, Sing of the love we bore him — because you, dweller in camps, know it truly. As they invault the coffin there, Sing — as they close the doors of earth upon him — one verse, For the heavy hearts of soldiers. CICERO © 2010 28 1 Name: _______________________________ Activities: Literature Connections Date: __________ Hush’d be the Camps Today Walt Whitman Answer the following questions with complete sentences. 1. What event inspired Walt Whitman’s poem, “Hush’d be the Camps Today”? 2. What were some of the “stormy conflicts” in the life of the person who inspired the poem? 3. Who is the “dweller in camps” referred to in this poem? CICERO © 2010 29 2 ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 30