Download Put these in order from smallest to largest Organization of the Body

5/5/2014
Put these in order from
smallest to largest
Organism
Organ
Cell
Organ System
Tissue
Organization of the Body
Organization of the Body
Organism
Organ system
Organ
Cell
Tissue
Organ
system
Organ
Cell
Organization of the Body
Organization of the Body
Example 1
Neuron
Nervous
tissue
Tissue
Organism
Example 2
Brain
Nervous
system
Human
Cell
Muscle
tissue
Heart
Circulatory
system
Human
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Types of Tissue
1. Muscle tissue
Most abundant tissue in body
•
Controls internal
movement of materials
•
•
Ex. Blood through
circulatory system
Ex. Food through digestive
system
Controls external movements
of the entire body
There are three major types of muscle
tissue:
Cardiac, smooth, and skeletal
Cardiac muscle cells are located in
the walls of the heart, appear
striated, and are under involuntary
control.
Smooth muscle fibers are located in
walls of hollow visceral organs,
except the heart, appear spindleshaped, and are also under
involuntary control.
Skeletal muscle fibers occur in
muscles which are attached to the
skeleton. They are striated in
appearance and are under voluntary
control.
4 Types of Tissue
2. Epithelial tissue
Closely packed cells
Covers the surface of the body
Lines internal organs
Functions of Muscle tissue
Smooth Muscle Tissue: controls slow, involuntary movements such as the
contraction of the smooth muscle tissue in the walls of the stomach and
intestines.
The muscle of the arteries contracts and relaxes to regulate the blood pressure
and the flow of blood.
Skeletal Muscle Tissue: function in pairs to bring about the coordinated
movements of the limbs, trunk, jaws, eyeballs, etc.
◦Skeletal muscles are directly involved in the breathing process.
Cardiac (Heart) Muscle Tissue: plays the most important role in the
contraction of the atria and ventricles of the heart.
◦It causes the rhythmical beating of the heart, circulating the blood and its
contents throughout the body as a consequence.
Types of Epithelial Tissue
Epithelial tissue can be divided into two groups
depending on the number of layers of which it is
composes.
One cell thick is known as simple
epithelium.
Two or more cells thick such as
the skin, it is known as stratified
epithelium
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Functions of Epithelial Tissue
•Protection
From injury, harmful chemicals, invading bacteria and from excessive loss of water.
•Sensation
Tissue containing sensory nerve endings is found in the skin, eyes, ears, nose and on the tongue.
•Secretion
Secrete specific chemical substances such as enzymes, hormones and lubricating fluids.
•Absorption
Absorb nutrients from the digestion of food.
Types of Tissue
3. Connective tissue
Holds organs in place
Binds different parts
of the body together
Ex. Tendons and
ligaments
Support for the body
•Excretion
Excrete waste products from the body and reabsorb needed materials from the urine. Sweat is also
excreted from the body in the sweat glands.
•Diffusion
Diffusion of gases, liquids and nutrients.
Adipose tissue: storage site for fats (lipids), also pads and protects
certain organs and regions of the body. An insulating layer under the
skin which helps regulate body temperature.
Areolar tissue: the most widespread connective tissue of the body. It is
used to attach the skin to the underlying tissue. It also fills the spaces
between various organs and thus holds them in place as well as cushions
and protects them.
Reticular tissue: provides support to the organs, tissues, and individual
cells.
Elastic tissue: Made mostly of elastin (a stretchy protein), stretch and
easily snap back into shape
Types of Tissue
4. Nervous tissue
Receives messages from the body’s external and
internal environments
Analyzes data
Directs the response
Tendon tissue: tissue that connects muscle tissue to bone. They are
composed almost entirely of collagen, a fibrous protein.
Ligaments: Bone to Bone
Blood: Transports oxygen
Bone: Gives shape and form
This tissue is what makes up the body’s nervous
system, which is split into the central nervous system
and the peripheral nervous system.
Central nervous system: found in the brain and
spinal cord.
Peripheral nervous system: all nerves and related
tissue outside of these areas and it gathers signals from
all parts of the body and sends them to the central
nervous system.
Nervous tissue is responsible for many of the body’s
activities and processes, including memory, reasoning
and emotions. Signals from this tissue also cause
muscle contractions.
Tissue Lab
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Human Body Systems
Nervous
Integumentary
Excretory
Circulatory
Respiratory
Immune
Reproductive
What is the goal of these
systems?
Goal:
Maintain Homeostasis
Carry out functions that
allow an organisms
(Humans) to carry out
the necessary functions
for survival.
Digestive
Skeletal
Muscular
Lymphatic
NERVOUS SYSTEM
Structures
Brain
Spinal cord
Peripheral nerves
Neuron
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Function
Coordinates
body’s response to
internal and
external
environments
INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
Comparison to Human
Sea Jelly: Nerve Net
Crayfish: Dorsal Nerve
Cord
Skin
Hair
Nails
Feathers
Scales
Fur
Skin
Structures
Hair
Nails
Sweat and oil glands
Function
Barrier against infection
and injury
Helps regulate body
temp
Protects against UV rays
from sun
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UV Radiation Damage
Integumentary Structures
Integumentary Structures
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Structures
Nose
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi
Lungs
Alveoli
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Function
Respiration Structures
Provides O2 for cell
respiration
Removes excess CO2
from body
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Respiration Sturctures
Structures
Function
Mouth
Pharynx
Esophagus
Breaks food into small
molecules for cells
Absorbs food
Stomach
Small & large intestines
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Feeding
Digestive Systems
Sponges-Fliter Feeders
Earth worm Plant-
EXCRETORY SYSTEM
Plants
Structures
Function
Skin
Eliminates cellular waste
Lungs
Maintains homeostasis
Kidneys
Ureters
Urinary bladder
Urethra
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SKELETAL SYSTEM
Excretory System
Structures
Function
Bones
Supports body
Cartilage
Protects organs
Ligaments
Movement
Tendons
Stores minerals
Site for blood cell
formation
Cross Section of a Bone
Bone Cells
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Joints
MUSCULAR SYSTEM
Exoskeleton
Structures
Function
Skeletal muscle
With skeletal system,
Smooth muscle
provides voluntary
movement
Helps circulate blood
Helps move food
through digestion
Cardiac muscle
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CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
Structures
Heart
Blood vessels
Blood
Facts about the Heart
Structures of the
Circulatory System/Heart
Arteries Take blood to the body
Veins Bring Blood to the heart
Atria Receive blood
Ventricles Pump blood away from
the heart
Function
Blood Flow through the Heart
Brings O2, nutrients, and
hormones to cells
Fights infection
Regulates body temp
Body
Vena Cava
Right Atrium
Right Ventricle
Pulmonary Arteries
Lungs
Pulmonary Veins
Left Atrium
Left Ventricle
Body
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Open Circulatory Systems
Vascular Tissue of Plants
Xylem Transports water
Open Heart
Phloem Transports food and
minerals
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Structures
Hypothalamus
Pituitary
Thyroid
Adrenals
Pancreas
Ovaries (in females)
Testes (in males)
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Function
Controls growth,
development,
metabolism, and
reproduction
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REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Reproductive Strategies
Definitions
Function
•
•
Sexual Reproduction
•
•
Asexual Reproduction
•
Internal Fertilization
•
External Fertilization
•
•
•
Ensure the survival of the species.
External Fertilization
Plants and Pollen
Joining of male and female Gametes
One parent produces a identical
daughter cell
Gametes are joined internally in the
female
Female and Male gametes are joined
outside both
LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
Reproductive Strategies
Function
Structures
White blood cells
Thymus
Spleen
Lymph nodes
Lymph vessels
Protect body from
disease
Collects fluid lost from
blood vessels & returns it
to circulatory system
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Plant Structures
Roots
Anchor
Absorb H2O
Dissolve nutrients from soil
Stems
Produce leaves
Provide support
Transport substances
Leaves
Stoma
Gas exchange & transpiration
Absorb light
Photosynthesis
Plant Tissue Systems
Plant Tissue
Dermal
Epidermal
Cuticle
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Vascular
Xylem (high)
Phloem (low)
Reproduction in Flowers
Sepals
Petals
Stamens
Male repro
Filament+Anther
Carpels (a.k.a. pistils)
Female repro
Plant Dissection-p.613
Ovary (contains ovules) +
style + stimga
Organs and Technology
Frog Dissection
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