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Ch. 12 – The Islamic World – Study Guide
Section 1 – The Roots of Islam
Life in a Desert Land
Oasis –
Caravan –
A New Religion
Muhammad –
Mecca –
Faisal Mosque, located in Islamabad, the
capital city of Pakistan, was built in 1986. It is
one of the largest mosques in Asia.
How did Muhammad go from being a merchant to a prophet of God? –
Prophet (Messenger) –
In Arabic, Islam means "__________________________________" and is a way of life and/or a religion.
The word "__________________________________" is also related to the word Islam and means "one who surrenders"
or "submits" to God. A practitioner of the religion of Islam is known by this name.
Qur’an (Koran) (‫– )ق رآن‬
Allah –

“Allah Akbar” –
Kaaba –
Pilgrimage / Hajj –
Influence –
Hegira (Hijrah) –
Medina –
The Pilgrimage to Ka'bah, Masjid al
Haram, Mecca (in Saudi Arabia) is one of
the five pillars of Islam for Sunnis.
Mosque –
How did Muhammad die? –
What two ways of life developed in Arabia’s desert environment? –
Why did Muhammad have a hard time getting people in Mecca to accept his teachings? –
What are some possible benefits to a nomadic lifestyle, and what are some possible benefits to a sedentary lifestyle? –
Section 2 – Islamic Beliefs and Practices
The Qur’an
Summarize the main beliefs of Islam –
Summarize the guidelines of moral behavior for Muslims –
Jihad –
Hadith –
Sunnah –
The Five Pillars of Islam (according to the Sunnis – 85% of Muslims) are:
1.
The Five Pillars of Islam (according to the Shi’a – 15%
of Muslims) are:
 The Oneness of God (tawhīd).
 The Justice of God ('adl).
 Prophethood (nubuwwah).
 The Leadership of Mankind (imamah).
 The Resurrection (me'ad).
2.
3.
4.
5.
The Muslim creed in English:
I believe in God; and in His Angels; and in His Scriptures; and in His Messengers; and in The Final Day; and in
Fate, that Good and Evil are from God, and Resurrection after death be Truth.
I testify that there is nothing worthy of worship but God; and I testify that Muhammad is His Messenger.
Both the Qur’an and the Sunnah guide Muslims’ behavior. Apart from discussing different topics, how do they differ? –
Which of the Five Pillars of Islam do you think would be the most difficult to perform? Why? –
Islamic Law
Summarize Shariah Law (‫– )شريعة‬
Section 3 – Islamic Empires
Muslim Armies Conquer Many Lands
Caliph –
Abu Bakr –
Ali –
Umayyads –
Berbers –
Moors –
Abbassids –
Tolerance –
Arabic –
Development –
Ottoman Empire –
Janissaries –
Mehmed II “the Conqueror” –
Suleyman I “the Magnificent” –
Safavid Empire –
Shia (Shi’ite) –
Sunni –
Mughal Empire –
Babur –
Akbar –
Taj Mahal –
Masjid al-Nabawi in Medina. The mosque
also has a tomb of prophet Muhammad and
the first two caliphs, Abu Bakr and Umar ibn
al-Khattab
Why did the Safavids come into conflict with the Ottomans? –
In your opinion, was conquest or trade more effective in spreading Islam? Why? –
Section 4 – Cultural Achievements
Science and Philosophy
Ibn Battutah –
“Arabic” numerals –
Sufism –
Literature and the Arts
Omar Khayyám –
Patrons –
Minaret –
Calligraphy –
What are two elements often found in Muslim architecture? –
How did having a common language help scholars in the Islamic world? –
Why might a ruler want to become a patron of a mosque? –