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TOPIC 24 Nucleus 1 What are isotopes? A B C D E atoms which are radioactive atoms with too many neutrons atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons atoms of the same element with different numbers of protons atoms which have gained or lost an electron J90/J/39 A B C D E J9111137 Nct. How many neutrons and protons does each nucleus contain? .neutrons protons 17 17 18 18 35 18 35 17 35 17 28 27 24 24 22 20 14 14 12 13 12 10 11 10 10 Which two atoms are isotopes of the same element? A B C U and V VandY WandX D E WandY YandZ N93/J/39 8 The neutral atoms of all isotopes of the same element contain N911I140 the same numbers of A B C D 4 An atom of an element has a nucleus surrounded by particles. Which of the following gives its structure? nucleus surrounded by electrons and protons electrons and neutrons protons and neutrons electrons protons neutrons protons electrons protons and neutrons electrons and neutrons J92/1/39 symbol ~~Co. A B C D 10 What is the structure of a neutral atom of cobalt? number of electrons number of protons number of neutrons 27 27 32 59 59 27 59 27 27 32 32 32 59 32 27 electrons and of protons. electrons and of neutrons. neutrons. neutrons and of protons. J94/1/40 9 What are isotopes? 5 A nucleus of the element cobalt may be represented by the A B C D E 14 13 12 V W X Y Z E 2He 7 · 3 LI J931I140 number ofprotons number of neutrons nucleon number U D 4 3 A nuclide is represented by A B C D E same more same fewer more atom A :H A B C D E electrons more same more more fewer table shows the composition of the nuclei of some atoms. and protons? C neutrons more more same same same 7 The 2 Which of the following nuclides has equal numbers ofneutrons B protons atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons atoms of the same element with different numbers of protons atoms which are radioactive atoms which have gained or lost an electron N94/1/40 Three nuclei X, Y and Z have proton numbers and nucleon numbers as shown. proton number nucleon number X 43 93 Y 43 94 Z 44 94 J92/1/40 Which nuclei are isotopes of the same element? 6 2 3 Deuterium, IH, and tritium, IH, are two isotopes of hydrogen. Compared to a deuterium atom, how many protons, neutrons and electrons does a tritium atom have? 24 Nucleus 226 A B C D X and Yonly X and Z only Y and Z only X, YandZ J95/J/39 '0' Physics Topical Paper 11 A neutral atom consists of seventeen electrons, seventeen protons and eighteen neutrons. 16 A nucleus is represented by the symbol ~~ X. What does the nucleus contain? What is its nucleon number (mass number)? A 17 B 34 12 C D 35 52 N951I139 37 37 37 37 electrons and 44 neutrons neutrons and 81 protons protons and 44 neutrons protons and 81 neutrons N98/I/38 How many neutrons and protons does one atom of substance ~ X have in its nucleus? 17 The symbol for one isotope of uranium is 2~~ U. number ofneutrons number ofprotons A Z A-Z Z-A Z A Z A A B C How many neutrons, protons and electrons are there in a neutral atom of this isotope? J9611140 A The table shows a student's ideas of the possible structure of the calcium atom. B C D D 13 A B C D structure U V W X y Z in nucleus 20 20 20 20 20 20 protons protons neutrons protons neutrons protons 20 20 20 24 24 24 in orbit neutrons electrons electrons neutrons electrons neutrons number of neutrons number of protons number of electrons 92 92 141 141 92 141 92 92 141 141 92 141 J991I137 18 The table shows the composition of the nuclei of three nuclides, X, Y and Z. 20 electrons 20 neutrons 20 protons 20 electrons 20 protons 24 electrons nuclide number of protons number of neutrons X Y Z 12 12 13 12 13 13 Which nuclides are isotopes of the same element? Which structures could be neutral atoms? A U and X B U and Z C D A Wand Y X and Z B J971I139 XandYonly X and Z only C D Y and Zonly X, Y and Z N99/II38 19 Isotopes of an element contain the same number of 14 The diagram shows the structure of an atom of lithium (Li). A B atoms. neutrons. C D nucleons. protons. J2oo0/II37 key e=electron p = proton n =neutron 20 The nueleus of a uranium atom is represented by 2~ U. (a) What is (i) the mass number, (ii) the atomic number, of this nucleus? What is the nuclide notation of this atom? A ~Li B 15 C ~Li D jLi (b) How many protons are there in the nueleus? (c) J98/I/37 How many of these particles are there in this nucleus? Atom Q is an isotope of atom P. (d) This nucleus is radioactive. Describe briefly how it How does the composition of neutral atom Q compare with . neutral atom P? A B C D 24 could be established that a-particles are emitted. (e) There is a heavier isotope of uranium. What can you number of protons number of neutrons number of electrons different different same same different same different same different same same different J98/II38 Nucleus Name the other particles in the nucleus. say concerning the atomic number and mass number of this isotope? J80lIII15 21 227 A carbon nuclide can be described by the notation this notation, I: C. In (a) what information does the number 6 convey, '0' Physics Topical Paper (b) what information does the number 14 convey? N8MIl4 22 A particular nuclide of tin has atomic number 50 and mass number 118. (a) How many electrons are there outside the nucleus in a neutml atom of tin? (b) How many neutrons are there in the nucleus? (e) How many protons are there in the nucleus? Suggest possible values for the atomic number and mass N821I/14 number of one isotope of this tin nuclide. 23 235 U 92 ' " an Isotope 0 f IS ummum. (a) What quantity is the same for the nuclei of all isotopes [I] of uranium? (b) In each nucleus of ~\J, how many (i) protons, (ii) neutrons, are there? [2] N97JIU8 24 112 SO S' n IS . a stabl' e ISOtOpe 0 f tm. What information does the symbol 1~~ Sn give us about the isotope? [2] N9411U8 25 A chlorine atom, proton number 17, can gain an electron and become a chlorine ion. A sodium atom, proton number 11, can lose an electron and become a sodium ion. (a) What is the sign of the charge on (i) a chlorine ion, (ii) a sodium ion? Explain how you arrived at your answers. ANSWERS Sign of charge on a chlorine ion ................................... . (b) Sign of charge on a sodium ion ................................. [3] 1. C 2. B 3. C 4. How many electrons are contained in 6. C 7. E 8. A (i) a chlorine ion, II. C 12. C 9. A 14. D 16. C 17. C (i) 218 (ii) a sodium ion? 20. (a) A chlorine ion contains ............................ electrons. A 10. A IS. C 5. 18. C 19. D (ii) 92 (b) 92 A sodium ion contains .............................. electrons.[2] N95IIU8 (c) 22. neutrons ; 126 (a) 50 (c) 23. (a) (b) 25. (a) (b) 68 50; A = 117, 119 etc, Z = 50 Protons (i) 92 protons (ii) 143 neutrons. (i) - (negative) (ii) + (positive) (b) (i) 24 Nucleus 13. A C 228 18 electrons (ii) 10 electrons '0' Physics Topical Paper