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The Age of Discovery Lecture 02 Search for Western Route to the East Mediterranean Sea in 15th Cent. Silk, cotton, precious stones, spices from Asia of miles to European market Venice and Genoa controlled trade Thousands Portuguese and Exploration Dom Henrique, Prince Henry the Navigator 1460—Sierra King Leone, beyond “Sea of Darkness” John II, Portugal 1487-88—Bartolomeu Dias around Cape of Good Hope 1497-99—Vasco da Gama to India New navigational aids Compass (China) Quadrant Astrolabe & cross staff 1509—first navigational manual (Portugal) Spanish caravels, lateen sails (Arab) Mapping developed Rediscovery of Claudius Ptolemy’s Geography, oWorld is round oSystem of latitudes 2nd Century and longitudes—360 degrees Christopher Columbus Born in Genoa, Italy in 1451 (location and date uncertain) Merchant seaman on Mediterranean & Atlantic coast To Iceland in early 20s Could reach Asia by sailing west Sponsored by Queen Isabella of Castile and King Ferdinand of Aragon September, 1492—sailed from Spain, via Canary Islands October—Bahamas, then Cuba, Dominican Republic/Haiti (Hispaniola) Colony of La Navidad—destroyed Colony of Isabela, also failed 4 voyages, no lasting colonial success Died in 1506, never knowing exactly what he had “found” Columbus’ Norse Predecessors Ca. 981 AD--Erik the Red sailed to Greenland Settlement there lasted 500 years 1002 AD—son Leif Ericson sailed to Newfoundland 995 AD—to L’Anse aux Meadows, Newfoundland; 9 dwellings of stone found by archaeologists Descriptions in Norse sagas match this area as well Used for only two or three years Columbus’ English & French Successors 1497-98—John Cabot (Giovanni Caboto)– New Found Land 1504, 1508-09—Son Sebastian—Hudson Bay 1524—French sent Italian Verrazano along Carolina coast 1534, 1536—Jacques Cartier up St. Lawrence River to future Montreal Columbus’ Spanish & Portuguese Successors Interests more in the southern New World 1499-1502—Amerigo Vespucci’s accounts of voyages in south Convinced Columbus had not landed in Asia, but a New World 1507—atlas included his writings and naming New World “America” 1513—Ponce de León—coast of Florida 1516—Vasco Nuñez de Balboa—viewed East Pacific 1519-22—Ferdinand Magellan of Portugal—circumnavigation of globe 1528-1536—Cabeza de Vaca wandered between Florida and Texas, then into Mexico Francisco Vásquez de Coronado—1540-1542 in the Southwest Hernando de Soto—1539-1542, Southeast
