Download Genetics Concept List

1. For each pair of terms, explain how the meanings of the terms differ.
a. homozygous and heterozygous
b. law of segregation and law of independent assortment
c. genetics and heredity
2. Use the following terms in the same sentence: pollination, self-pollination, and crosspollination.
3. For each pair of terms, explain the relationship between the terms.
a. genotype and phenotype
b. monohybrid cross and dihybrid cross
c. allele and trait
4. The word dominant comes from the Latin dominari, which means “to rule.” Using this
information, explain why the term dominant is a good name for the genetic
phenomenon that the term describes.
5. Relate why Mendel began his experiments by allowing pea plants to self-pollinate for
several generations.
6. Explain the difference between dominant and recessive traits.
7. Describe the differences between the P generation, the F1 generation, and the F2
generation.
8. Relate why it is not necessary, when the dominant and recessive traits are known, to
use the term homozygous when referring to the genotype of an individual that has a
recessive phenotype.
9. State the difference between a monohybrid cross and a dihybrid cross.
10. Propose how crossing-over during meiosis might affect the segregation of genes that
are on the same chromosome.
11. Relate the events of meiosis to the law of segregation.
12. Summarize how a gardener who has a pea plant that produces round seeds can
determine whether the plant is homozygous or heterozygous for the allele that
determines seed texture. (In pea plants, round seed texture is dominant
over wrinkled seed texture.)
13. Relate probability to the study of genetics.
14. Predict the results of a cross between a rabbit homozygous dominant for black coat
color (BB) and a rabbit homozygous recessive for brown coat color (bb).
15. Use the following terms to create a concept map that illustrates information related
to Mendel’s experiments: pea plants, heredity, self-pollination, cross-pollination, F1
generation, F2 generation, trait, and true-breeding.
16. Use the Punnett square below to answer the questions that follow.
a. Does the Punnett square demonstrate a monohybrid cross or a dihybrid cross?
b. List the genotypes of the parents.
c. Give the genotypic ratio predicted by the Punnett square for the cross.
17. Predicting Results In rabbits, the allele for black coat color (B) is dominant over the
allele for brown coat color (b). Predict the results of a cross between a rabbit
homozygous for black coat color (BB) and a rabbit homozygous for brown coat color
(bb).
18. For each pair of terms, explain how the meanings of the terms differ.
19. Compare sex chromosomes and autosomes.
20. Relate how X-linked genes affect the inheritance of sex-linked traits.
21. State the type of information that is obtained by analyzing a pedigree.
22. Predict the possible genotypes for a person whose ABO blood group is type A.
23. Be able to complete genetics problems including monohybrid, dihybrid, multiple
alleles, codominance, incomplete dominance and sex-linked traits.
24. Relating Concepts Individuals who are heterozygous for sickle cell anemia should
avoid extreme conditions that severely reduce the amount of oxygen available to the
body, such as playing vigorous sports at high elevations. Explain why this would be
advisable.
25. A 20-year-old man with cystic fibrosis has a sister who is soon to be married. If you
were the man, how would you explain your sister’s likelihood of having children with
cystic fibrosis? Cystic fibrosis is not sex-linked.
26. The individual shown in blue (third from the left, bottom row) in the pedigree below
is affected by a genetic disorder. State the pattern of inheritance for the disorder and
whether the disorder is autosomal or sex-linked. Explain your answer.
27. What advice might a genetic counselor give to the unaffected brothers and sister
shown in the pedigree in question 25?