* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Section 15.1 Energy and Its Forms IPLS
Efficient energy use wikipedia , lookup
Renewable portfolio standard (United States) wikipedia , lookup
William Flynn Martin wikipedia , lookup
Energy storage wikipedia , lookup
Open energy system models wikipedia , lookup
Potential energy wikipedia , lookup
Energy subsidies wikipedia , lookup
Low-Income Home Energy Assistance Program wikipedia , lookup
Public schemes for energy efficient refurbishment wikipedia , lookup
Kinetic energy wikipedia , lookup
Regenerative brake wikipedia , lookup
Zero-energy building wikipedia , lookup
100% renewable energy wikipedia , lookup
Energy Charter Treaty wikipedia , lookup
World energy consumption wikipedia , lookup
Low-carbon economy wikipedia , lookup
Alternative energy wikipedia , lookup
Internal energy wikipedia , lookup
Energy harvesting wikipedia , lookup
Energy returned on energy invested wikipedia , lookup
Energy policy of Australia wikipedia , lookup
Energy efficiency in transport wikipedia , lookup
International Energy Agency wikipedia , lookup
Energy policy of the United Kingdom wikipedia , lookup
Life-cycle greenhouse-gas emissions of energy sources wikipedia , lookup
Energy policy of Finland wikipedia , lookup
Distributed generation wikipedia , lookup
Negawatt power wikipedia , lookup
Conservation of energy wikipedia , lookup
Energy in the United Kingdom wikipedia , lookup
Energy policy of the European Union wikipedia , lookup
United States energy law wikipedia , lookup
Energy efficiency in British housing wikipedia , lookup
Energy applications of nanotechnology wikipedia , lookup
Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 wikipedia , lookup
0171_hsps09_GRSW_Ch15.qxd 7/27/07 3:33 PM Page 173 Name ___________________________ Chapter 15 Class ___________________ Date _____________ Energy Section 15.1 Energy and Its Forms (pages 446–452) This section describes how energy and work are related. It defines kinetic energy and potential energy, and gives examples for calculating these forms of energy. It also discusses examples of various types of energy. Reading Strategy (page 446) Building Vocabulary As you read, complete the concept map with vocabulary terms and definitions from this section. For more information on this Reading Strategy, see the Reading and Study Skills in the Skills and Reference Handbook at the end of your textbook. kinetic energy Energy which is can be potential energy which can be the energy of motion gravitational potential energy elastic potential energy © Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. Energy and Work (page 447) 1. What is energy? Energy is the ability to do work. 2. When work is done on an object, that object. Circle the correct answer. energy heat is transferred to height 3. Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about work and energy. a. Energy in food is converted into muscle movement. b. Both work and energy are usually measured in joules. c. One joule equals one meter per newton. Kinetic Energy (pages 447–448) kinetic energy 4. The energy of motion is called . 5. Is the following sentence true or false? You can determine the kinetic false energy of an object if you know its mass and its volume. Physical Science Reading and Study Workbook Level B IPLS ■ Chapter 15 173 0171_hsps09_GRSW_Ch15.qxd 7/27/07 3:33 PM Page 174 Name ___________________________ Chapter 15 Class ___________________ Date _____________ Energy 6. Circle the letter of the formula used to calculate an object’s kinetic energy. a. Kinetic energy = 1 mv 2 2 b. Kinetic energy = mv 2 2 v c. Kinetic energy = m Potential Energy 7. What is (pages 448–450) potential energy? It is energy that is stored as a result of position or shape. 8. Is the following sentence true or false? The work done by a rock climber going up a cliff decreases her potential energy. false 9. An object’s gravitational potential energy depends on its , its , and the acceleration due to gravity. Circle the correct answers. height mass size 10. Is the following sentence true or false? Gravitational potential energy of known as elastic potential energy . Forms of Energy (pages 450–452) For numbers 12 through 17, write the letter of the form of energy that best matches the description. Descriptions Forms of Energy b 12. Energy stored in gasoline, a. mechanical energy coal, and wood a 13. The sum of an object’s potential b. chemical energy energy and kinetic energy, c. electrical energy excluding atomic-scale movements d. thermal energy e 14. Produces the sun’s heat and light e. nuclear energy f 15. Travels through space in the form f. electromagnetic energy of waves c 16. Produces lightning bolts d 17. Increases as atoms within an object move faster 174 Physical Science Reading and Study Workbook Level B IPLS ■ Chapter 15 © Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. true an object increases as its height increases. 11. The potential energy of an object that is stretched or compressed is 0171_hsps09_GRSW_Ch15.qxd 7/27/07 3:33 PM Page 175 Name ___________________________ Chapter 15 Class ___________________ Date _____________ Energy Section 15.2 Energy Conversion and Conservation (pages 453–459) This section describes how energy is converted from one form to another and presents the law of conservation of energy. Reading Strategy (page 453) Relating Cause and Effect As you read, complete the flowchart to explain an energy conversion used by some gulls to obtain food. For more information on this Reading Strategy, see the Reading and Study Skills in the Skills and Reference Handbook at the end of your textbook. How Gulls Use Energy Conversions © Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. Gull lifts oyster, increasing oyster’s gravitational potential energy. Energy Conversion The gull drops the oyster, and the oyster’s gravitational potential energy is converted into kinetic energy as the oyster falls. (Air resistance can be ignored.) The oyster strikes a rock and breaks, and kinetic energy is converted into thermal energy. The kinetic energy and gravitational potential energy of the oyster are now zero. (page 454) 1. Is the following sentence true or false? Energy can be converted from one true form to another. 2. When a wind-up toy is set in motion, elastic potential energy that was stored in a compressed spring is converted into the of the toy’s moving parts. Conservation of Energy kinetic energy (page 455) 3. What does the law of conservation of energy state? Energy cannot be created or destroyed. 4. A moving object slows down because friction causes a continual conversion of kinetic energy into . Circle the correct answer. mechanical energy potential energy thermal energy Physical Science Reading and Study Workbook Level B IPLS ■ Chapter 15 175 0171_hsps09_GRSW_Ch15.qxd 7/27/07 3:33 PM Page 176 Name ___________________________ Chapter 15 Class ___________________ Date _____________ Energy Energy Conversions (pages 456–458) 5. As an object falls, the gravitational potential energy of the object is kinetic energy converted into . 6. At what point during a pole-vaulter’s jump is his gravitational potential energy the greatest? Circle the letter of the correct answer. a. when he leaves the ground b. at his greatest height c. when he hits the ground 7. Circle the letter of the type of energy that increases as the pole bends before it propels a pole-vaulter up into the air. a. kinetic energy b. mechanical energy c. elastic potential energy 8. Is the following sentence true or false? For a mechanical change in an isolated system, the mechanical energy at the beginning equals the mechanical energy at the end of the process, as long as friction is What Type of Energy Is It? Situation A stationary wind-up toy with a compressed spring A descending roller coaster car A skier poised to take off at the top of a hill A car driving on a flat road A vibrating guitar string Form of Energy Potential energy Both Potential energy Kinetic energy Both Energy and Mass (page 459) 10. Circle the letters of each correct sentence. What does Einstein’s equation imply about mass and energy? a. Mass and energy are equivalent. b. Mass and energy are never created. c. Mass and energy can be converted to each other. 176 Physical Science Reading and Study Workbook Level B IPLS ■ Chapter 15 © Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. true negligible. 9. Tell whether the following situations illustrate kinetic energy, potential energy, or both. 0171_hsps09_GRSW_Ch15.qxd 7/27/07 3:33 PM Page 177 Name ___________________________ Chapter 15 Class ___________________ Date _____________ Energy Section 15.3 Energy Resources (pages 462–466) This section describes types of energy resources and ways to conserve them. Reading Strategy (page 462) Identifying Main Ideas As you read the section, write the main idea for each heading in the table. For more information on this Reading Strategy, see the Reading and Study Skills in the Skills and Reference Handbook at the end of your textbook. Heading Nonrenewable energy resources Main Idea Nonrenewable energy resources include oil, natural gas, and coal. They exist in limited quantities. Renewable energy resources Renewable energy resources include hydroelectric, solar, geothermal, wind, biomass, and nuclear fusion. Conserving energy resources Energy resources can be conserved by reducing energy needs and by increasing the efficiency of energy use. Nonrenewable Energy Resources (page 462) 1. What are nonrenewable energy resources? They are resources that exist in limited © Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. quantities and, once used, cannot be replaced except over the course of millions of years. 2. List three examples of nonrenewable energy resources. a. Oil b. Uranium Coal c. 3. Circle the letter of each resource that is considered to be a fossil fuel. a. tree b. oil c. coal 4. Is the following sentence true or false? Although fossil fuels are evenly distributed throughout Earth, they only represent ten percent of total energy consumed. false Renewable Energy Resources (pages 463–464) 5. An energy resource that can be replaced in a reasonably short period of time is called a(n) renewable resource. Physical Science Reading and Study Workbook Level B IPLS ■ Chapter 15 177 0171_hsps09_GRSW_Ch15.qxd 7/27/07 3:33 PM Page 178 Name ___________________________ Chapter 15 Class ___________________ Date _____________ Energy 6. Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about renewable energy resources. a. Wind and solar energy are both renewable energy resources. b. Renewable energy resources are always more efficient than nonrenewable resources. c. Renewable energy resources can be used to generate electricity and to heat homes. 7. Is the following sentence true or false? One disadvantage of hydroelectric power is that it is among the most expensive energy sources. false For numbers 8 through 13, match the letter of each renewable energy source to its description. Description Renewable Energy Sources c a. hydroelectric 8. Water pumped below ground is converted to steam. b. solar f 9. The most likely raw material is c. geothermal hydrogen. d. wind b 10. Mirrors concentrate sunlight to e. biomass produce electricity. f. nuclear fusion d 11. Kinetic energy of moving air is electricity by combining hydrogen with oxygen. Conserving Energy Resources true (page 466) 15. Name two practical ways in which people can conserve energy. Accept reasonable responses, such as carpooling, walking or biking on short trips, using more efficient appliances, developing and driving more fuel-efficient cars. 178 Physical Science Reading and Study Workbook Level B IPLS ■ Chapter 15 © Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. converted into rotational energy of a turbine. a 12. Energy is obtained from flowing water. e 13. Chemical energy stored in wood, peat, and agricultural waste can be converted into thermal energy. 14. Is the following sentence true or false? Hydrogen fuel cells generate