Download Biology Study Guide

NAME:___________________________
Biology Study Guide
VOCABULARY WORDS TO KNOW
asexual reproduction
autotroph
binary fission
binomial nomenclature
cell membrane
cell wall
chloroplast
cilia
classification
conjugation
cytoplasm
DNA
endospore
eukaryote
flagella/um
heterotroph
hyphae
invertebrate
mitochondria
multicellular
organism
pilus/pili
prokaryote
protozoan
pseudopod
sexual reproduction
taxonomy
unicellular
vacuole
vertebrate
You don’t have to make flashcards for these but you should know:

Know the 3 domains and their characteristics
 Domain Eukarya, Archaea, and Bacteria

Know the kingdoms and their characteristics
 kingdom archaebacteria
 kingdom eubacteria
 kingdom protist
 kingdom fungus
 kingdom plant
 kingdom animal
BIOLOGY TEST IS ____THURSDAY, 3/12______
REVIEW
SESSIONS
Tuesday, 3/10
No morning session
3:30-4:15 Simpson
Wednesday, 3/11
7:45-8:23 Helm
3:30-4:15 Pickett/Papageorge
Flashcards are due ___ THURSDAY, 3/12_____
Study Guide due ____TUESDAY, 3/10____
Classifying Living Things
Understanding Main Ideas Answer the following question in the space provided.
1.
What are the characteristics of the 3 domains? Fill in the chart.
Eukarya
Archaea
Prokaryote or
Eukaryote?
Autotroph or
Heterotroph or both?
Unicellular or
Multicellular or both?
Asexual or
Sexual or both?
What kingdom(s) fall
under this domain?
Bacteria
2. Write the 8 levels of classification in order: class, domain, family, genus, kingdom,
order, phylum, species
Fill in the correct characteristics of each kingdom in the table below. More than one answer may fit in
each kingdom.
Prokaryote
Autotroph or Unicellular or
Asexual
Kingdom
Other characteristics
or Eukaryote Heterotroph
Multicellular or Sexual
Archaebacteria
Prokaryote
BOTH
Only uni
MAINLY
asex but
can sexual
Live in harsh conditions
and chem diff from
eubacteria
Eubacteria
Protists
Fungi
Plants
Animals
Building Vocabulary Write a definition for each. You can use your own words OR use the textbook.
Taxonomy –
Binomial nomenclature –
A New Phylum – READ, THINK, ANSWER!!
In 1995, scientists discovered a new species of organism, which they named Symbion pandora. It is not
unusual for new species to be identified. However, the discovery of S. pandora drew attention from around
the world because this strange animal did not seem to belong to any of the phyla into which scientists
classify organisms. As a result, a new phylum called Cycliophora has been proposed for S. pandora. So far,
S. pandora would be the only species belonging to this phylum. (Contrast this with the phylum Chordata,
which includes all species of reptiles, amphibians, birds, and mammals.)
S. pandora was discovered living on bristles that surround the mouths of Norway lobsters. It has a very
complex life cycle with several different stages. During one stage of the life cycle, the female stays
attached to the lobster’s bristles, and is about 0.35 mm in length. This stage is shown in the figure below. A
tiny male clings to this female. There are also stages in the life cycle of S. pandora when the organism
swims freely and does not feed.
Answer the following questions.
1. S. pandora is a member of the animal kingdom. What are three things that you can conclude about S.
pandora from this statement? (Use characteristics from your NOTES! Don’t start making up things like “it
moves”, “it breathes”, etc.!!)
 _____________________________________
 _____________________________________
 _____________________________________
2. Why do you think S. pandora was not discovered until recently?
3. What are three things that you think scientists examined when determining how S. pandora should be
classified?
 _____________________________________
 _____________________________________
 _____________________________________
4. How do you think S. pandora gets food?
Bacteria
Understanding Main Ideas Answer the following questions.
1. How are bacterial cells different from the cells of other types of organisms?
2. List at least 3 ways that bacteria are helpful to people.
 _____________________________________
 _____________________________________
 _____________________________________
3. Describe how bacteria obtain energy.
4. List examples of conditions that might cause some bacteria to form endospores.
Building Vocabulary Match each term with its definition by writing the letter of the correct
definition on the line beside the term.
________ 5. Cytoplasm
a. process in which one bacterium divides to form
two identical bacteria cells
________ 6. Endospore
________ 7. Binary fission
b. a small, thick-walled resting cell that forms
inside a bacterial cell
________ 8. Pili
c. the region inside the cell membrane
________ 9. Flagellum
d. tiny hairs that allow a bacteria to stick in place
________ 10. Conjugation
e. process in which one bacterium transfers
genetic material into another bacterial cell
S E I O N - 2R E V F O R C E
f. whip-like structure that helps a cell to move
Sketch a bacterial cell and label
its DNA, cytoplasm, cell wall,
cell membrane, flagellum, pili
LOOK HERE!
Identifying Bacteria
About 5,000 different kinds of bacteria inhabit Earth. Each kind can be distinguished by its characteristics.
In addition to shape, these characteristics include: whether it will grow in water hotter than 45ºC; whether
it will grow in very salty water; whether it will grow in the presence of air, whether it will grow without
air; and whether it forms endospores.
Scientists who study bacteria use these and about 15 other characteristics to identify a bacterium. The chart
below shows some of the characteristics of six common bacteria. A plus (+) sign means the bacterium has
the characteristic. A minus (-) sign means the bacterium does not have the characteristic.
Answer the following questions.
1. What characteristic(s) do all of the bacteria listed have in common?
2. How could you distinguish bacterium 1 from bacterium 2?
3. Which bacteria might be found in hot springs? (45°C = 113°F)
4. What characteristic(s) can you use to distinguish the three kinds of sphere-shaped bacteria from one
another?
5. In some places, sea water gets trapped when the tide goes out. The sun will cause some of this water to
evaporate. Which bacteria are most likely to survive in such water? Explain your answer.
Protists and Fungi
Understanding the Main Ideas Fill in the blanks in the table below.
Answer the following questions.
8. What is a fungus? **use our VOCAB words to describe its characteristics!!**
9. Does a fungus get its food the same way you do?
Explain.
10. Fungi play an important role in our ecosystem. Describe what would happen if fungi did not exist.
11. What is a nickname for the protist kingdom? Why does it have that nickname?
Building Vocabulary Fill in the blank to complete each sentence.
12. Another name for an animal-like protist is a(n)__________________________ .
13. Some animal-like protists have______________________________, hair-like projections for moving
and capturing food.
14. ___________________________are of the branching, threadlike tubes that make up the bodies of
multicellular fungi.
15. _________________________is a “fake foot” that amoebas use to move or capture food.
Biology Assessment
_____ 1. The boxes above represent three domains of living organisms. What domain does box N
represent?
a. Archaea
c. Eukarya
b. Bacteria
d. Euryarchaeota
_____ 2. If a scientist finds an unknown single-celled organism that she is trying to classify under one of
the kingdoms, then the scientist could start by narrowing down the list to the…
a. Kingdoms plant and animal, but she would need to find out if the organism was autotrophic
or heterotrophic to classify it further.
b. Kingdoms Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, Fungi, and Protists, but she would still need to
evaluate more characteristics to classify it further.
c. Kingdom Archaebacteria, since it is the only kingdom that has single- and multi-celled
organisms.
d. Kingdom Protist, since it is the only kingdom that has single-celled organisms.
_____ 3. This cell can be classified by part…
a. Q, because it is free DNA which classifies this cell as
prokaryotic.
b. T, because it is a tail-like structure which classifies this cell
as eukaryotic.
c. S, because it is cytoplasm, which classifies this cell as
prokaryotic.
d. R, because it is a carbon molecule, which classifies this cell
as eukaryotic.
_____ 4. According to the following characteristics, in which
kingdom should this organism be classified?
a. Animal
b. Protists
c. Plants
d. Eubacteria
Write > if the taxon on the left is MORE specific
than the one on the right. Write < if it’s the opposite.
5. Flustra _______ Gymnolaemate
6. foliacea _______ Bryozoa
7. Animalia _______ Cheilostomata
8. Flustra ________ Flustridae
_____ 9. Using the chart, which of these kingdoms represents the fungi kingdom?
a. Kingdom 1
c. Kingdom 3
b. Kingdom 2
d. Kingdom 4
_____ 10. The plant kingdom?
a. Kingdom 1
b. Kingdom 2
c. Kingdom 3
d. Kingdom 4
_____ 11. The protist kingdom?
a. Kingdom 1
b. Kingdom 2
c. Kingdom 3
d. Kingdom 4
12. What is the major difference between fungi and plants?
13. Which two of the following organisms are most closely related: Entameba histolytica, Escherichia
coli, Entameba coli? Explain your answer.
Sketch a paramecium, amoeba, and a euglena! Be able to recognize them!
amoeba
paramecium
euglena
Know the parts and functions of a microscope! Label this one
and
what each part does!
Eyepiece – used to
look through and
magnifies 10X
Label the parts of the plant and animal cell
and describe their function.
Cell membrane
Cell wall
Cytoplasm
Chloroplasts
mitochondria
nuclear membrane
nucleus
vacuole
Vacuole – used
for storage of
water, food, or
waste; “closet”
Classification
Crossword
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
19
18
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
30
29
31
32
33
34
35
EclipseCrossword.com
ACROSS
DOWN
1. Kingdom Protista is the "___" kingdom because it groups
organisms that don't neatly fit into the other kingdoms.
6. All bacteria are ____, or single-celled.
11. We currently recognize ___ (a number) kingdoms of life.
16. This prokaryotic kingdom contains members who are not
known to cause any diseases.
19. Carl Woese developed the domain system using information
he gathered from studying ___ RNA.
RIBOSOMAL
21. The cell walls of fungal cells are composed of a material
called ___.
CHITIN
23. Unlike prokaryotes, eukaryotes ___ a nucleus.
24. This prokaryotic kingdom contains some members that can
cause disease.
25. The rigid outer layer around a plant cell is the cell ____.
27. The number of domains.
29. Members of Kingdoms Plantae and Animalia are both
____cellular.
31. Plant cell walls are made of this substance. CELLULOSE
32. Plants make their own food using this process.
33. When bacteria were first identified, they were put into this
kingdom.
34. Unlike a plant cell or a fungal cell, an animal cell lacks a rigid
___ surrounding its cell membrane.
35. The cell walls of Eubacteria contain a material called ___.
(ANSWER found on the domain worksheet in the chart!!)
2. Binary fission is a type of ___ reproduction because it does not involve sperm and
egg.
3. The father of modern taxonomy.
4. Most protists will be found in ___ habitats.
5. Members of Kingdom Animalia can be found in both aquatic and ____ habitats.
7. This scientist developed the three domain system of classifying life. CARL WOESE
8. In the three domain system, plants, fungi, protists and animals are grouped into this
domain.
9. This kingdom includes organisms like molds, yeast and mushrooms.
10. This device helped to classify organisms that were too small to see with the naked
eye.
12. In the three domain system, Eubacteria are put in this domain.
13. Unlike plants, fungi cannot ___ and so they are heterotrophic.
14. The field of _____ (which studies DNA, how it is passed on and its effects on
organisms) helped to develop the kingdoms of life.
15. This kingdom contains members that are heterotrophic and photoautotrophic,
unicellular and multicellular, that reproduce sexually and asexually and that have cell
walls and that lack them as well.
17. In the three domain system, Archaebacteria are grouped into this domain.
18. This kingdom includes members like birds, insects, worms, fish and mammals.
20. Kingdom Eubacteria and Kingdom Archaebacteria reproduce asexually using a
method called ___.
22. Both Eubacteria and Archaebacteria are ___ because they lack a true nucleus and
membrane bound organelles.
24. Archaebacteria can live in ___ environments like deep sea vents and hot springs.
26. This kingdom includes members like apple trees, grass, tulips, moss and corn.
28. Initially Linnaeus grouped all living things into two categories: ____ and animals.
30. Members of Kingdoms Eubacteria and Archaebacteria are ___cellular.