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Year 1 Grammar, Spelling and Vocabulary Terms Grammatical Feature: capital letter Definition: Example: Used to begin sentences to begin proper nouns to begin words in titles to begin words of exclamation to begin words he, him, his when referring to God to write the pronoun ‘I’ Joel has karate training ever Monday afternoon at Wells Primary School. compound word A compound word is made when two words are joined to form a new word. newspaper, bandstand, football, playground conjunction A word or phrase that links clauses or sentences together. and, but, so, because, then A sound which is produced when the speaker closes off or obstructs the flow of air through the vocal tract, usually using lips, tongue or teeth. Most of the letters of the alphabet represent consonants. Only the letters a, e, i, o, u and y can represent vowel sounds. Punctuation which shows something is being exclaimed or said with feeling or surprise. Punctuation which is placed at the end of a sentence that is not a question or statement. All letters except: a, e, i, o, u. consonant exclamation mark full stop letter noun plural In January, the children will be visiting London Zoo. We enjoyed our trip because we had a ride on a fire engine. A character representing one or more sounds used in speech. The person or thing that the action or verb is done to. More than one person, place or thing. 1 What a triumph! I’ve just about had enough! Wonderful! Terry Pratchett's latest book is not yet out in paperback. I asked her whether she could tell me the way to Brighton. common noun: everyday things cars, toothbrushes, trees,… – and kinds of people: man, woman, child … proper noun: particular people and places: Jim, Betty, London... – and some ‘times’: Monday, April, Easter… It always begins with a capital letter. Most nouns are made into plurals by adding the suffix –s: Three bikes prefix pronoun punctuation A letter, or group of letters, added to the beginning of a word to change its meaning. Words used to avoid repeating a noun. Some nouns ending in –o are made into plurals by adding the suffix–es: Two mangoes Most nouns ending in hissing, shushing or buzzing sounds are made into plurals by adding –es: Ten dresses For words ending in a vowel and then –y, just add the suffix–s: Eight turkeys For words ending in a consonant and then – y, change -y to -i and add the suffix –es: Five flies Most nouns ending in -f or-fe change to -ves in the plural: Six halves Adding ‘un’ to happy – unhappy Adding ‘dis’ to appear – disappear Adding ‘re’ to try – retry I, you, me, he, she, it, you, him, her, mine, yours, his, hers, its we, they, us, them, ours, yours, theirs The marks used in writing to demarcate sentences and their clauses Indicates a question/disbelief. . , ! Who else will be there? Is this really little Thomas? root word The simplest form of a word that prefixes or suffixes can be added to. sentence A sentence is a group of words and contains at least a subject and a verb. A sentence may convey a statement, question, command or exclamation. A sentence may consist of a single clause or it may contain several clauses held together by subordination or co-ordination. In English, the first word of a written sentence has a capital letter. At the end of the sentence there is a full stop or question mark or exclamation mark. A singular noun names one person, place or thing (a single item). help is a root word It can grow into: helps helpful helped helping helpless unhelpful John went to his friend’s house. She went shopping but took back everything she had bought because she didn’t like any of it. question mark singular 2 One bike One mango One dress suffix verb vowel word A letter, or group of letters, added to the end of the word to change its meaning. A verb is a word that tells you what a person or thing is being or doing. All sentences have a subject and a verb. Verbs can be classified in various ways: for example, as auxiliary, or modal; as transitive or intransitive; and as states or events. Vowels can form syllables by themselves, or they may combine with consonants. In the English writing system, the letters a, e, i, o, u and y can represent vowels. A word is a unit of grammar: it can be selected and moved around relatively independently, but cannot easily be split. In punctuation, words are normally separated by word spaces. 3 Adding ‘ish’ to child – childish Adding ‘able’ to like – likeable Adding ‘ion’ to act – action The boy was playing football. The crowd clapped as One Direction took the stage.