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3 Rules for words ending in SILENT E & 2 Rules for words ending in Y -LY -NESS PREFIXES CEDE 10 Quick Rules for Spelling 1) DROP E when SUFFIX* is ADDED, which begins with a VOWEL: bake = baking 2) BUT KEEP E if preceded by C or G when suffix begins with an A or O: dance = danceable 3) ALSO KEEP E if suffix begins with a CONSONANT: lame = lameness 4) Keep Y if word ends in VOWEL + Y: delay = delaying EXCEPTIONS: day = daily, gay = gaily 5) CHANGE Y to I if word ends in CONSONANT + Y: happy = happily EXCEPTIONS: if SUFFIX is ING: try = trying AND some one syllable words: dry + ness = dryness 6) KEEP BOTH Ls when adding –ly to words that end in l and KEEP BOTH Ns when adding –ness to words ending in n: actual = actually, thin = thinness 7) DO NOT change spelling of word: un+happy =unhappy 8) If word ends with the sed sound, spell it cede EXCEPTIONS: exceed, proceed, succeed IE OR EI ? 9) I BEFORE E EXCEPT AFTER C or when it sounds like A as in NEIGHBOR or WEIGH EXCEPTIONS: either, neither, weird, leisure, species, seize, financier DOUBLING 10) DOUBLE final consonant when preceded by FINAL one VOWEL: big = bigger BUT NOT TWO CONSONANT or more VOWELS: heat = heated; if 2 or more DOUBLE as above IF accent is on the last syllables syllable: refer = referral EXCEPT when the accent shifts when a suffix is added: prefer = preference PREFIX = BEFORE SUFFIX = AFTER VOWELS = A, E, I, O, U CONSONANTS = ALL OTHER LETTERS OF THE ALPHABET SPELLING PLURALS Plurals are tricky, no mistake! If you are unsure (do I add an –s, or an –es, or what?), first consult a dictionary or spellcheck. SOME GENERAL RULES 1) Add an –s to a singular (one) NOUN: king = kings girl = girls door = doors 2) Add –es to a NOUN ending in –ch, -sh, –x, or –s: church = churches wish = wishes fox = foxes boss = bosses *Some words that end in only one –s may follow this –es pattern (or not): buses or busses, both are correct. 3) For singular nouns ending in –y, change that –y to –i and add –es: company = companies monopoly = monopolies 4) Add –es to a noun ending in –y if preceded by a vowel, but change that –y to –i first, please: money = monies EXCEPTIONS: monkey = monkeys, honey = honeys, etc. ALWAYS SPELLCHECK OR CONSULT A DICTIONARY FIRST