* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download The Muslim World - Mesa Public Schools
History of Islam wikipedia , lookup
The Jewel of Medina wikipedia , lookup
International reactions to Fitna wikipedia , lookup
Sources of sharia wikipedia , lookup
Political aspects of Islam wikipedia , lookup
Reception of Islam in Early Modern Europe wikipedia , lookup
Islam and violence wikipedia , lookup
Satanic Verses wikipedia , lookup
Islam and secularism wikipedia , lookup
Criticism of Islamism wikipedia , lookup
Islam and Mormonism wikipedia , lookup
Soviet Orientalist studies in Islam wikipedia , lookup
Muhammad and the Bible wikipedia , lookup
Islamic missionary activity wikipedia , lookup
Islam and Sikhism wikipedia , lookup
Spread of Islam wikipedia , lookup
Origin of Shia Islam wikipedia , lookup
War against Islam wikipedia , lookup
Morality in Islam wikipedia , lookup
Historicity of Muhammad wikipedia , lookup
Islam and modernity wikipedia , lookup
Islam and war wikipedia , lookup
Hindu–Islamic relations wikipedia , lookup
Schools of Islamic theology wikipedia , lookup
Islamic culture wikipedia , lookup
10/26/2015 Warm Up: Complete Sentences 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. What year did the Church split? What is an icon? What is heresy? What is excommunication? Who is the leader of the Eastern Orthodox Church? Who is the leader of the Roman Catholic Church? Arabian The Rise of Islam Peninsula Part of Southwest Asia, also known as the Middle East Bridge between Africa, Asia, and Europe Desert and Town Life Arab nomads (Bedouins)organized themselves into clans Ideals of courage and loyalty to family, and warrior skills would become a part of Islamic way of life Fertile soil and larger oases caused Arabs to settle and farm, near a oasis or in a market town The Prophet Muhammad The Rise of Islam Born into a clan of a powerful Meccan family (around 570CE) Orphaned at age six Raised by grandfather and uncle Little schooling Worked caravan trade at young age Age 25-trader and business manager for Khadijah Married Khadijah Very into religion Revelations Age 40-Life changed overnight Heard voice while meditating outside cave in Mecca Angel of Gabriel told him he was the messenger of Allah Last prophet of Allah (God) 613CE-began publically preaching The Muslim World 600CE-1200CE Chapter 10 Crossroads The Rise of Islam Mecca Visited during holy months Religious pilgrims came to worship at ancient shrine in Ka’Aba Associated Eventually with worship of Abraham contained many gods and spirits The Hijrah of Trade and Ideas Trade routes connected Arabia to major ocean and land trade routes Some ran from extreme south of peninsula to the Byzantine and Sassanid (Persian) Empires in the north Used caravan routes, trading for goods from the Silk Road. Traded spices, incense, information, and ideas from the world outside Arabia The Rise of Islam Muhammad and followers were not fully accepted in Mecca 622CE moved to town of Yathrib Later Yathrib renamed Medina Muhammad showed great leadership skills while in Medina Created an agreement between Muslims, Arabs and Jews of Medina into a single community Was accepted as a political leader, religious leader and eventually a military leader Return to Mecca 630CE-returned with 10,000 followers Meccans surrendered Destroyed idols in Ka’aba All Meccans pledged their loyalty and converted to Islam 1 10/26/2015 Monotheistic Beliefs & Practices In Warm Up: Complete Sentences Where is the Arabian Peninsula located? is the founder of Islam? Where was he born? What is the story behind the founding of Islam? Who Beliefs & Practices The Five Pillars Faith-testify to the following “There is no God but Allah, & Muhammad is the messenger of Allah” Prayer-Five times a day facing Mecca Alms-responsibility to support the less fortunategiving money to the poor-special religious tax Pilgrimage-if one can afford to, one must travel to Mecca and stand before Allah as equals Fasting-during the holy month of Ramadan, must fast between dawn and sunset-one meal at end of day-reminds them spiritual needs are more important than physical needs Believe that Muhammad’s mission was to receive the Qur’an and demonstrate how to apply it to life Sunna-Muhammad’s example-best model for proper living Shari’a-body of law from the Qur’an and Sunna Regulates family life, moral conduct, and business and community life Arabic, Islam means “submission to the will of Allah” Muslim means “one who has submitted” Holy Book Quran (Koran) Written in Arabic Revelations of Muhammad given to him from the angel Gabriel Only Arabic versions considered to be the true word of Allah Mosque-place of worship Links to Judaism & Same God Christianity Jesus as a prophet Regard the Qur’an the same way the Jews and Christians believe in the Torah and the Bible View Believe that it perfects the earlier versions of Gods law Final All book, final prophet three believe Heaven Judgement Day Trace their ancestry to Abraham Refer to Christians and Jews as “people of the book” Shari’a law requires Muslim leaders to extend religious tolerance to Christians and Jews. The Warm Up: Complete Sentences Two part question, answer both to receive credit: How many gods do Muslims believe in? What is this called? What is the name of their Holy Book? What is their place of worship called? In bullet point format; list the five pillars. What do Judaism, Christianity, and Islam all agree (believe)? Two part question, answer both to receive credit: What do Muslims consider Jews and Christians? How should Muslims treat them? Warm Up: Short Answer 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Who is the founder of Islam? What do they call their God? What is their holy book called? Who are the “People of the Book”? In what city did Islam start? List the Five Pillars. 2 10/26/2015 “Rightly Islam Expands Guided” Caliphs Following ancient tribal tradition-elected loyal friend as new leader after Muhammad’s death The next four, after Muhammad’s death, had know him, therefore became known as “Rightly Guided” Caliphs Ruled following the actions of the Qur’an and Muhammad’s teachings Caliph-successor Caliphate-their rule Jihad-striving or an armed struggle against unbelievers Treatment of Conquered People Qur’an forbade forced conversion Allowed conquered people to follow their own religion Christians and Jews received special consideration Paid a poll tax each year to avoid military duties Various restrictions Could not spread their religion Could be officials, scholars and bureaucrats Umayyads Umayyads come to power Moved the Muslim capital to Damascus Easier to control conquered territories Arab Muslims felt it was to far from the homeland Left the simple life of previous caliphs Surrounded in wealth and ceremony Leads to division of the Muslim community Sunni-Shi’a split Sunni-carry the beliefs that Muhammad had taught, and the first four caliphs were “rightly guided” Do not object to Umaayads rule Shi’a-(Shi’ites)-believed that Muhammad’s son-in-law should have been the next Caliph, all Muslim rulers were descendants of Muhammad, and do not follow the Sunna (Muslim law) Sufi-reject the luxurious lifestyle of the Umaayads, pursued life in poverty and devotion through a spiritual path Rise of Muslim Cities Muslim Culture Baghdad-impressed all who saw it Other cities Cario Abbasids 750-1258CE After religious and political opposition, the Umayyad caliphate will fall in 750CE to a new powerful group called the Abbasids. Key trade routes Caliph access to trade goods, gold & info about the farflung empire Strong bureaucracy Treasury-keep track of $$ Department for army business Diplomats-sent all over Europe, Africa & Asia to conduct imperial business Taxed lands, imports, exports, and non-Muslim wealth Role of Women Muslim Culture Qur’an states that “Men are the managers of the affairs of women” and “Righteous women are therefore obedient” The Shari’a gave Muslim women certain rights concerning marriage, family, and property Responsibilities Varied with the income of the husband Poor-often worked in the fields with husband Wealthy-supervised household and its servants Had access to education Raising the children Early years-participate in public life and gain an education Later years-lived more secluded and when in public expected to be veiled class-Muslims at birth class-Converts class-protected people (Christians, Jews and Zoroastrians) Lowest-slaves Second Third Prisoners of war Non-Muslim Performed household work or fought in military Moved capital to Baghdad in 762CE Upper One prince escaped to Spain, which he set up a Umayyad caliphate, though the Berber Muslims were already there Abbasids consolidate power Jerusalem Four Social Classes They ruthlessly murdered the remaining members of the Umayyad family. Cordoba Islam Expands Also states that men and women as believers are equal More economic and property rights than women in Europe, India, and China during the same time period 3 10/26/2015 Muslim Scholarship Knowledge knowledge Extends Muhammad himself pushed for followers to gain knowledge Developed places for learning throughout Preserved the knowledge from Rome and Greece Also expanded that knowledge Umayyads and Abbasids encouraged scholars to collect and translate scientific and philosophical texts House of Wisdom In Baghdad Combination of library, academy, and translation center Value Arts and Science Flourish Muslim Art and Architecture As Muslim Empire expands, entered into regions rich in artistic traditions Kept the traditions, but adapted to suit Islamic life Many Muslims believe only Allah can create life, images of living beings was discouragedturned to calligraphy Some turned to decorative art-woodwork, glass, ceramics, and textiles Architecture is some of the greatest cultural blending ever seen To some extent buildings reflect the culture of the area Great Mosque of Damascus built on the site of a Christian church Huge dome ceilings of the mosque was a blending of Byzantine and Muslim ideas In Syria, included features of Rome-including baths using the Roman heating system Muslim Literature tradition even before Strong Islam Arts and Science Flourish Poets wrote about the spirit of desert life, and celebrating bravery, love, generosity and hospitality Qur’an is still the standard for all Arabic literature and poetry The Thousand and One Nights Collections of fairytales, parables, and legends Linked to India and Persia, Muslims added stories and arranged them Arts and Science Flourish Medical Advances Comprehensive Book Treatise on Small Pox and Measles Math and Science Two ideas stand out Scientific observation and experimentation Ability to find mathematical solutions to old problems Science Used experiments rather than logical reasoning Math Believed math was the basis for all knowledge Developed algebra Advances in math brought on by studying astronomy Philosophy & Religion Blend Views Greek philosophy of Aristotle, Plato and Islam shared them same views, to find the truth Idea not liked by conservatives The “Ideal Man” Values of many cultures were recognized by Muslims East Persian derivation, Arabic in faith, Iraqi in education, Hebrew in astuteness, a disciple of Christ in conduct, a pious as a Greek monk, a Greek in the individual sciences, Indian in the interpretation of all mysteries, and Sufi in his whole spiritual life 4