Download Japanese Barberry

COMMON NAME: JAPANESE BARBERRY
SCIENTIFIC NAME: Berberis thunbergii
FAMILY: Berberidaceae
ORIGIN: Japan
US INTRODUCTION: First introduced in 1875 in the U.S as an ornamental.
Reported to be invasive throughout the northeastern U.S. from Maine to
North Carolina and west to Wisconsin and Missouri.
MAJOR PATHWAYS OF SPREAD:
• Seeds dispersed by birds and other animals
• Creeping roots and tip rooting branches
• Ornamental use
S.Porse
Japanese Barberry Bush
IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS:
• Spiny deciduous shrub that grows between 3 and 6 feet tall. Branches
are brown and deeply grooved with simple spines.
• Leaves small ½ - 1 ½ inches long blue green leaves shaped like small
spatulas.
• Flowers pale yellow in spring, occur the entire length of the stem in
clusters of two to four. The bright red fruit is about 1/3 of an inch long and
matures between July and October, and remains on the plant through
winter.
• Grows well in full sun to deep shade and forms dense stands in closed
canopy forests, open woodlands, wetlands, and fields.
O.Jerzy
Japanese Barberry Flowers
NATIVE LOOK-ALIKES:
American Barberry (Berberis canadensis): Has branched thorns, producing
1-3 thorns in a cluster. Unlike Japanese Barberry which has individual thorns
along its branches. The leaves of American Barberry also appear to be
teethed, while Japanese Barberry has smooth leave edges. Rare in Illinois,
occurs more in Appalachian Mountains.
Wildfeuer
Japanese Barberry Fruit
Хомелка
American Barberry
ADDITIONAL RESOURCES:
Invasive Plant Atlas of the United States.
http://www.invasiveplantatlas.org/subject.html?sub=3010
Alien Plant Invaders of Natural Areas.
http://www.nps.gov/plants/alien/pubs/midatlantic/beth.htm
Alpsdake
Japanese Barberry
Illinois Wildflowers.
http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/trees/plants/jpbarberry.htm
www.NewInvaders.org
COMMON NAME: BUTTERFLY BUSH
ALTERNATIVE NAME(S): Summer Lilac
SCIENTIFIC NAME: Buddleja davidii
FAMILY: Loganiaceae or Buddlejaceae
ORIGIN: China
US INTRODUCTION: Introduced for ornamental purposes. Currently
present in Illinois, and most eastern and western states.
MAJOR PATHWAYS OF SPREAD:
• Wind
• Water
• Seed can remain viable for three to five years
• Ornamental use
IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS:
• Deciduous to semi-evergreen shrub that can grow between 6 and 16
feet tall, and 4 to 15 feet wide. Stems are green when young, then
have gray brown peeling bark when older.
• Leaves egg shaped leaves that are green on top, with a soft woolly
gray underside. Leaves grow opposite of each other, and can reach
10 inches in length.
• Flowers tiny tubular arranged in a large cone-like cluster that can be
3-18 inches long. Generally purple with a yellow to orange throat,
however many varieties can be white, yellow, or pink.
• Is a very robust plant and can be tolerant to most habitats. However,
it does prefer moist well drained soils that are in partial to full
sunlight.
Fritz Geller-Grimm
Butterfly Bush Flowers
NATIVE LOOK-ALIKES:
None
IKAI
Butterfly Bush
Michael Apel
Butterfly Bush Branch
ADDITIONAL RESOURCES:
The University of Conneticut Database.
http://www.hort.uconn.edu/plants/b/buddav/buddav1.html
USDA Plant Profile.
http://plants.usda.gov/factsheet/pdf/fs_buda2.pdf
www.NewInvaders.org
COMMON NAME: BURNING BUSH
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: Winged Burning Bush, Winged Euonymus,
Winged Spindletree, Winged Wahoo
SCIENTIFIC NAME: Euonymus alatus
FAMILY: Celastraceae
ORIGIN: Northeast Asia and central China
US INTRODUCTION: Introduced to the U.S around 1860 as an
ornamental plant for landscaping. Found from New England to northern
Florida and the Gulf Coast. Also found in Illinois.
KENPEI
MAJOR PATHWAYS OF SPREAD:
• Birds
• Ornamental use
Burning Bush Flowers
HABITAT: Found in open woods, in areas of shade to full sun, prairies,
and pastures. Can tolerate dry to moist soils.
IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS:
• Multi-stemmed shrub with winged branches. Grows 5 to 20 feet tall.
• Leaves paired and deciduous, dark green, bottom is a bright red
purple in the fall.
• Flowers green and inconspicuous, occuring in late spring. Red
purple fruits mature during summer.
NATIVE LOOK-ALIKES:
Native Strawberry Bush (Euonymus americanus): Stems are green and
not winged, leaves do not change to red purple
JP. Grandmont
Burning Bush Fruit
C. Barton
Burning Bush
T.Harville
Euonymus americanus
ADDITIONAL RESOURCES:
Invasive Plant Atlas of the United States.
http://www.invasiveplantatlas.org/subject.html?sub=3023
Alien Plant Invaders of Natural Areas.
http://www.nps.gov/plants/alien/pubs/midatlantic/eual.htm
B.Johnson
Euonymus alatus
www.NewInvaders.org
COMMON NAME: SACRED LOTUS
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: Oriental Lotus, Indian Lotus, Lotus
SCIENTIFIC NAME: Nelumbo nucifera
FAMILY: Nelumbonaceae
ORIGIN: Asia
US INTRODUCTION: Introduced to the U.S. as an ornamental plant. The plant
has escaped cultivation in southeastern states, as well as some New England
states, and Ohio.
Peripitus
Sacred Lotus Flower
MAJOR PATHWAYS OF SPREAD:
• Birds
• Ornamental use
IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS:
• Aquatic plant that produces individual leaves and flowers directly from root
system.
• Leaves float on the water or are held up about 6 inches above water by their
stems. The leaves are circular and indented in the middle giving the leaves a
funnel-like shape.
• Flowers individual, are held up by their stalks about 6 inches from the surface
of the water. Each flower is 4-8 inches across, and have pink petals. The
receptacle holds the seeds of the flower, and is located in the center of the
flower, resembling an upside down cone. The receptacle is surrounded by a
dense ring of golden stamen.
K.Stuber
Sacred Lotus Receptacle
• Grows in small ponds and shallow areas of lakes and rivers with little exposure
to wind and waves.
NATIVE LOOK-ALIKES:
• American Lotus (Nelumbo lutea): Flowers are yellow instead of pink. Rare in
our region.
• Fragrant Water Lily (Nymphaea tuberosa): Unlike the sacred lotus, the
fragrant water lily is white and does not contain the lotuses distinct conelike receptacle. The leaves of a water lily are circular, and lay flat against the
surface of the water. The leaves also contain a distinct “slit” in the side.
K.Stuber
Sacred Lotus Leaves
J. Phelps
American Lotus
T. Voekler
Sacred Lotus
S. Mollerus
Fragrant Water Lily
ADDITIONAL RESOURCES:
Illinois Wildflowers.
http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/wetland/plants/sacred_lotus.htm
USDA Plant Profiles.
http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=Nenu2
www.NewInvaders.org
COMMON NAME: GARDEN VALERIAN
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: Garden Heloptrope
SCIENTIFIC NAME: Valeriana officinalis
FAMILY: Valerianaceae
ORIGIN: Europe
US INTRODUCTION: Introduced for ornamental and medicinal purposes. Present
in northeastern Illinois, along with most Midwest and New England states.
MAJOR PATHWAYS OF SPREAD:
• Wind
• Aerial stolons
H. Zell
IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS:
• Herbaceous form with sparse branches. Reaches a height between 1 ½ to
4 feet. The central stem is light green (occasionally dark red), and thick. The
central stalk for each leaf is winged.
Garden Valerian
• Leaves occur opposite and are widely spread on the lower first half of the
central stem. Leaves can grow up to 8 inches long. The upper leaflet surface is
dark green, while the bottom is usually lighter and slightly hairy.
• Flowers on a central stem terminate to one or more 2-5 inch flat-topped
panicles. The trumpet shaped flowers are individual, and are often light pink or
white.
• Grows in soggy thickets and meadows, fens, and roadside ditches.
H. Zell
Garden Valerian Flowers
NATIVE LOOK-ALIKES:
• Bog Valerian (Valeriana uliginosa): The basal leaves (leaves located closet to the ground) are entire or have a lateral lobe at the
base. There are few leaves on the stem above the surface of the ground, which contain 1-5 lobes each. The leaf blades or their
segments have sparse amounts of hair or are smooth. The veins of the leaves are reticulated, meaning they resemble a net. The
flower cluster is as broad as it is long.
• Common Valerian (Valeriana ciliate): The basal leaves (leaves located closet to the ground) are entire or have a lateral lobe at the
base. There are few leaves on the stem above the surface of the ground, which contain 1-5 lobes each. Leaves and segments
appear to be hairy, and are parallel veined. The flower cluster is longer than it is broad.
Torr
A.Gray
Gray
Jeffdelonge
Torr
&&A.
UW Stevens Point. C. Raimond
Bog Valerian
Garden Valerian
R. Nonemacher
Garden Valerian Leaves
Jeffdelonge
Common Valerian
ADDITIONAL RESOURCES:
Illinois Wildflowers.
http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/weeds/plants/valerian.html
US Forest Service.
http://na.fs.fed.us/fhp/invasive_plants/weeds/garden-valeriana.pdf
USDA Plant Profiles.
http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=VAOF
www.NewInvaders.org
COMMON NAME: LYME GRASS
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: Blue Dune Lyme Grass, Sand Rye Grass, Wild Rye, and
Blue Lyme Grass.
SCIENTIFIC NAME: Leymus arenarius; Elymus arenarius
FAMILY: Poaceae
ORIGIN: Northern Europe
US INTRODUCTION: Introduced for ornamental purposes. Lyme Grass is now
present throughout the Great Lakes region. Specifically in Illinois, Lyme Grass has
been documented in Cook, Kane, and Lake County.
K. Peters
Lyme Grass
MAJOR PATHWAYS OF SPREAD:
• Ornamental use
• Underground stems (rhizomes)
• Seed dispersion by various sources
• Fast growing and long lived (~10 years)
IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS:
• 32 inches tall and 3 feet wide at maturity
• Leaves are blue/green and grow about 12 inches along and ½ inch wide
• Flowers are blue/green dense spikes during the summer, and turn beige later in
the year
• The ideal habitat for Lyme Grass is full sun to partial shade. It is very adaptable
to both dry and moist locations, and is also considered to be drought-tolerant.
Lyme grass can grow in a number of soil types or pH levels, and is able to
handle environmental salt. Lyme Grass is very tolerant, and is even able to
tolerate urban pollution and is able to thrive in inner city environments.
K. Peters
Lyme Grass Spikes
• Grows in soggy thickets and meadows, fens, and roadside ditches
NATIVE LOOK-ALIKES:
• Marram Grass (Ammophila breviligulata): Leaves are distinctly green, not blue/green like in Lyme Grass.
• Streambank Wheat Grass (Elymus lanceolatus): Lyme Grass and Streambank Wheat Grass are very similar in appearance. If the
plants are fertile, one can see that Leymus arenarius spikes (flowers) are 15-25 mm thick and the spikes of Elymus lanceolatus are
only 5-10 mm thick. Additionally, the leaves in Elymus lanceolatus are thinner than that of Leymus arenarius appear to be hairy, and
are parallel veined. The flower cluster is longer than it is broad.
Halley
Marram Grass
Royalbroil
Marram Grass
W. Alverson
Streambank Wheat Grass
ADDITIONAL RESOURCES:
University of Wisconsin Green Bay - Cofrin Center for Biodiversity
http://www.uwgb.edu/biodiversity/herbarium/invasive_species/leyare01.htm
www.NewInvaders.org