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Skeletal Muscle Functions • Produce movement • Maintain posture • Stabilize joints • Generate heat Muscles & Body Movements • Movement is attained due to a muscle moving an attached bone • Muscles are attached to points • Origin • Attachment to • Insertion • Attachment to at least 2 immoveable bone movable bone Types of Muscles • Prime mover—muscle with major responsibility for a certain movement • Antagonist—muscle that opposes or reverses a prime mover • Synergist—muscle that aids a prime mover in a movement & helps prevent rotation • Fixator—stabilizes origin of a prime mover Naming Skeletal Muscles • By direction of muscle fibers • Examples • Rectus (straight) • Transverse (horizontal) • Oblique (angle) • By relative size of the muscle • Examples • Maximus (largest) • Minimus (smallest) • Longus (longest) • By location of the muscle • Examples • Temporalis (temporal bone) • Occipitalis (occipital bone) • By number of origins • Examples • Triceps (3 heads) • Biceps (2 heads) • Quadriceps (4 muscles in group) Naming Skeletal Muscles • By location of the muscle’s origin & insertion • Example • Sternocleidomastoid (on the sternum) • By action of the muscle – Examples • Flexor (flexes a bone) • Extensor (extends a bone) • Abductor (abducts a limb) • Adductor (adducts a limb) • By shape of the muscle • Examples • Deltoid (triangular) • Trapezius (trapezoid) Week #6 (11/16-11/20) Warm Up – Mon, 11/16: - Check for Latin Flash Cards Anatomy Fun Fact: There are muscle cells in the longest body muscle (Sartorius) which are more than a foot in length. Have out: Muscular Sys. notes Pt 1 Mr. Muscle Man Pick up: Same colored pencil as yesterday’s Muscle Tissue Comparison wkst Muscle diagrams Web of Life article & questionnaire (EC) Homework: Agenda: 1. Continue Muscular System - Finish coloring muscle worksheets Continue with types of muscle tissue notes Learning Goal: I will be able to describe the structure & function of the Muscular System. 1. 2. 3. Rubber bones Lab (3I) – Tues, 11/17 Muscles Quiz #1 – Wed, 11/18 Muscles Quiz #2 – Mon, 11/23 Superficial Muscles: Anterior Identify (by number) & color-code (all the same color) the following Anterior Muscles: -Orbicularis oris -Pectoralis major -External oblique -Adductor group -Vastus medialis Per. 4 start - Tues Superficial Muscles: Posterior Identify (by number) & color-code (all the same color) the following Posterior Muscles: -Adductor group -Gluteus maximus -Gastrocnemius Naming Skeletal Muscles Review • Identify 1 skeletal muscle we have learned that is named for… • Its relative size? • Gluteus maximus • Its location on the body? • Latissimus dorsi • Its shape? • Orbicularis oris • The number of origins? • Biceps brachii • The direction of muscle fibers? • External obliques 3! The Muscular System • Muscles are responsible for all types of body movement • 3 muscle types are found in the body – Skeletal muscle • Attached to bone & skin • Produce movement, stabilize joints, provide posture & generate heat – Cardiac muscle • Walls of the heart • Protect the heart & produce contractions of the heart walls – Smooth muscle • Walls of hollow visceral (i.e, stomach) organs (except heart) • Protect organs & produce slow contractions Comparison of Skeletal, Cardiac & Smooth Muscles Characteristics of Muscles • All muscles share some terminology – myo & mys refer to “muscle” – sarco refers to “flesh” • Skeletal & smooth muscle cells are elongated (muscle cell = muscle fiber) • Contraction of muscles is due to the movement (pulling together) of microfilaments (micro = “small”; fila = “thread”) Cardiac muscle Smooth muscle Skeletal muscle (aka striped or striated muscle) Involuntary controlled by autonomic nervous system Voluntary controlled by somatic nervous system Smooth Muscle Characteristics • • • • Lacks striations Spindle-shaped cells Single nucleus Involuntary—no conscious control • Contractions happen very slowly • Found mainly in the walls of hollow organs • Stomach, urinary bladder, respiratory passages Cardiac Muscle Characteristics • • • • Striations Usually has a single nucleus Branching cells Joined to another muscle cell at disc • Involuntary • Contractions slowly • Found only in an intercalated happen the heart Skeletal Muscle Characteristics • Most are attached by tendons to bones • Cells are multinucleated • Striated—have visible banding • Voluntary—subject to conscious control • Contractions happen slow to fast • Muscles are either contracted or relaxed • Contracted the muscle exerts pulling force = muscle shortens • Since muscles can only pull (not push), they work in pairs (antagonistic muscles) • Example: Biceps & Triceps • Muscle that bends joint is called the flexor muscle • Muscle that straightens joint is called the extensor muscle EXAMPLE Elbow joint flexed Flexor muscles contracted Extensor muscles relaxed Elbow joint extended Extensor muscles contracted Flexor muscles relaxed Section through arm Flexor muscles biceps Humerus Bone Extensor muscles triceps Per. 1 start - Wed Closing Activity Comparing 3 Muscles Tissues wkst • Work INDIVIDUALLY on the wkst using the notes we just discussed! Week #6 (11/17-11/21) Warm Up – Wed, 11/18: - Review Quiz #1 Muscle Group Anatomy Fun Fact: Muscles in the middle of the ear are the smallest muscles present in the human body. Turn in: Nothing Pick up: Comparing the 3 muscles tissues wkst 4 colored pencils Muscle Worksheets Agenda: 1. 2. 3. 4. Muscles Quiz #1 Identify Muscle Quiz #2 Muscles Notes: Finish Types of Muscle Tissue Microscope Activity: Types of Muscle Tissue Learning Goal: I will be able to describe the structure & function of the Muscular System. Homework: 1. Muscles Quiz #2 – Mon, 11/23 Muscles to Identify Quiz #1 • Pick up 1 colored pencil (ALL muscles will be color-code with 1 color). • QUIETLY take the quiz & turn it in to the Hmwk Bin when finished. • Take out Mr. Muscles, your other muscle diagrams & flashcards for your next set of muscles (Quiz #2)! Superficial Muscles: Anterior Identify (by number) & color-code (all the same color) the following Anterior Muscles: -Sternocleidomastoid -Biceps brachii -Deltoid -Vastus lateralis -Transverse abdominis Superficial Muscles: Posterior Identify (by number) & color-code (all the same color) the following Posterior Muscles: -Latissimus dorsi -Deltoid -Semitendinosus Connective Tissue Wrappings & Attachments of Skeletal Muscle • Tendons—cord-like structures • Mostly collagen fibers • Attach muscle belly to bone Figure 6.1 Connective Tissue Wrappings & Attachments of Skeletal Muscle • Cells are surrounded & bundled by connective tissue • Fascia—tough connective tissue, outside of the epimysium of the muscle belly, that creates a 3-D web around every muscle Figure 6.1 Connective Tissue Wrappings & Attachments of Skeletal Muscle • Cells are surrounded & bundled by connective tissue • Epimysium—covers the entire skeletal muscle (muscle belly) Figure 6.1 Connective Tissue Wrappings & Attachments of Skeletal Muscle • Cells are surrounded & bundled by connective tissue • Perimysium—wraps around a fascicle (bundle) of muscle fibers Figure 6.1 Connective Tissue Wrappings & Attachments of Skeletal Muscle • Cells are surrounded & bundled by connective tissue • Endomysium—encloses a single muscle fiber Figure 6.1 Microscopic Anatomy of Skeletal Muscle • Sarcolemma—specialized plasma membrane that surrounds a myofibril • Myofibrils—long organelles inside muscle cell Per. 1 - The end REVIEW of SKELETAL MUSCLE STRUCTURE: Play Doh Model Challenge • Using the 4 colors of modeling clay, develop a mini replica of skeletal muscle, including… • • • • 1 muscle belly At least 3 fascicles At least 3 muscle fibers within each fascicle At least 3 myofibrils within each muscle fiber Muscle belly Fascicles Muscle fibers Myofibrils