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8 Parts of Speech REVIEW NOUNS • Noun: Person, place, thing, or idea – Common nouns: name any one of a group • Examples: – Proper nouns: a particular • Examples: – Concrete nouns: can be perceived through senses • Examples: NOUNS (more types of nouns…) – Abstract nouns: idea, feeling, quality, character • Examples: – Compound nouns: two or more words used to form a single noun • Examples: – Collective nouns: names a group • Examples: PRONOUNS • Pronoun: used in place of one or more nouns (he, she, it, their) – Personal pronouns: refers to one speaking, spoken to, spoken about 1st: I, me, mine, we, us, ours 2nd: you, your, yours 3rd: he/him/his, she/her/hers, it/its, they, them, their(s) PRONOUNS • Reflexive: refers to the subject and complements – Sophie treated herself to ice cream. • Intensive: emphasizes with no real grammatical function – Albert himself organized the fundraiser. 1st: myself, ourself 2nd:yourself, yourselves 3rd: himself, herself, itself, themselves PRONOUNS • Demonstrative pronoun: used to point out a specific noun – Example: – The brownies I made taste better than those. • Interrogative pronoun: introduces a question – Examples: – Which of these songs are your favorite? • Relative pronoun: introduces a subordinate clause – Examples: – John is my friend who is training for a marathon. PRONOUNS •Indefinite Pronouns: refers to one or more people, places, or things All Another Anybody Anything Both Such Something Each No one Nothing One Other Several Some Somebody Each Either Everyone Everything Everybody Few Many Most More Much Neither None ADJECTIVES • Adjective : word used to modify a noun or pronoun; tells “what kind,” “which one,” and “how many” – weather report – spring sale – brown hair – Sixteen students ADJECTIVES • Demonstrative Adjectives: when this, that, these, those modify nouns/pronouns - when this, that, these, those take place of nouns they are called demonstrative pronouns • Ex. Dem.Ad.: Let’s take these sandwiches and those apples on our picnic. • Ex. Dem.Pro.: This is mine and that is his. ADJECTIVES • MOST frequently used adjectives: articles ! http://www.softschools.com/quizzes/grammar/adjective/quiz219.html VERB • Verb: word used to express action or state of being – Examples: VERB •Action verb: expresses either physical or mental action –Examples: •Linking verbs: connect subject to a word that describes the subject –Forms of “to be” am being be is are was were shall be will be has been have been had been should be would be can be could be VERB •Helping Verbs: words used in a verb phrase can could do did does had has have may might must shall should will would •Remember to identify ALL the verbs in a sentence: action, linking, and helping! ADVERBS • Adverbs: modifies a verb, adjective, or adverb – an -ly ending is not a guarantee that a word is an adverb – Marian Anderson performed magnificently. • How – Marian Anderson performed earlier. • When – Marian Anderson performed there. • Where – Marian Anderson performed widely. • To what extent Adverbs • Nouns or adverbs? – They returned to their home. – They returned home before noon – Yesterday was a good day. – The teacher reviewed what had been covered yesterday. – When identifying POS, identify adverb words that modify verbs, adjectives and adverbs. PREPOSITION • Preposition: shows relationship of a noun/pronoun to another noun/pronoun; relationship between two prepositional phrases; or the relationship between two independent clauses – Examples: • Careful: some prepositions can be adverbs when they modify the verb! – The runner fell behind. PREPOSITION •Compound preposition: two or more words working together to form a preposition according to in back of ahead of in case of along with in front of as for instead of by way of out of due to up to except for with the exception of in addition to in spite of because of in regard to away from CONJUNCTIONS • Conjunction: word that joins words or word groups • Coordinating conjuntions: joins word groups that are used in the same way – Examples: • Correlative Conjunctions: pairs of conjunctions that joins word groups in the same way – Examples: Conjunctions • Subordinating Conjunction begins a subordinate clause and connects it to an independent clause. After Although As As well as Because Before Even though How It Provided Since So that Than That Though Unless Until When Whenever Where Wherever Whether While Why • Careful! These words can sometimes be prepositions! INTERJECTIONS • Interjections: expresses emotion, have no grammatical relation to the rest of the sentence – Examples: