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AppliedNaturalSciences“3NxB0”
Studyguide
AppliedNaturalSciences(3NxB0)
x = A: conceptual version x = B: formal version November,2014
Study guide Applied Natural Sciences November, 2014 1 AppliedNaturalSciences“3NxB0”
Contents
A. Educationalstructureofthecourse
I.
Generalinformation
II.
Learninggoals
III.
Grading
IV.
Typesofeducationandmethods
V.
Weekprogramme
B.Organisationalstructureofthecourse
I.Namesoftheinstructorsoftheinstructionsandtutorgroups
‐Generalinformation
‐Contactinformation
II.Timescheduleofthecourseandtestingmoments
‐Importanttestingmoments
‐Locations
III.Studentconduct,classandlecturepolicies
C.Annex
Annex1.Weekprogramme3NAB0and3NBB0
Study guide Applied Natural Sciences November, 2014 2 AppliedNaturalSciences“3NxB0”
A. Educationalstructureofthecourse
I. General information This course will give engineers to be a conceptual basis of a number of fundamental concepts in Applied Physics. This conceptual basis allows for forming well‐funded ideas about scientific and technological developments in the areas of for instance medical/nanotechnology, energy technology (wind, sun, fusion, flames), climate control, and etcetera. The importance of the concepts being dealt with will be clarified using appealing demonstrations and examples of importance for the above mentioned technologies. Study year: 2014/2015 College planning: semester 1, block B Target group: Bachelor (all faculties), obligatory Study points: 5 ECTS Given by: Faculty TN Responsible lecturer: R. Engeln (TN) Co‐lecturers: Henk Schellen (B), Jos van Schijndel (B), Leo Pel (TN), Martijn van Beurden (EE), Peter Bovendeerd (BMT), Frank Delbressine (ID), Peter Zijlstra (TN) Education and examination data Education: 7 weeks, 2 x 2 hours lectures 7 weeks, 2 x 2 hours instructions or 1 hour per week tutor group (TN, EE, AUT) or Examination: 1 final test (70%, written) 7 x test quizzes, deadline midnight Sunday (10%) 1 intermediate test (20%, in week 4) Study material Book University Physics, Young and Freedman, 13th edition Number of students: 2000 II. Learning goals  Being able to work symbolically (instead of working numerically only)  Being able to apply Applied Physics concepts to real world phenomena.  Learning to analyse and solve problems associated with (derived) conservation laws of classical mechanics, liquid – and thermodynamics.  Being able to apply the properties of simple periodic movements to physical systems III. Grading The final grade will be determined by: 1. the grade of the final test (70%), 2. the grade of the intermediate test, being held in week 4 (20%) and 3. the average of scores of 5 out of 7 quiz tests (10%). All quiz tests are homework. All tests will be held in two versions. All students doing a specific version (A or B) of this course will do the same tests. During the instructions and the tutor group meetings attention will be given to how the intermediate and final test will be held. Study guide Applied Natural Sciences November, 2014 3 AppliedNaturalSciences“3NxB0”
IV. Types of education and methods The lectures are meant for learning to apply Physics concepts when explaining real world phenomena. The different concepts will be explained top‐down using clarifying examples. In the way of explaining the concepts, the difference between the two versions of the course becomes clear. From the conceptual (qualitative, A) version of the course to the more formal (quantitative, B) version of the course). Both version of the course will deal with the same Physics concepts. The difference will be in how the Physics concepts will be explained/derived using Mathematics. Depending on the faculty the student belong to, besides the lectures 4 hours are scheduled for instructions or 1 hour per week are scheduled for intensive work in tutor groups. During the instructions students train the application of the concepts explained in the lectures. Depending on the faculty, this will be by doing exercises closely connected to Physics concepts needed by the faculty. The intention being, to stimulate the student’s interest in Physics. Also faculty specific concepts of importance can be introduced and explained. During the tutor hours, for students difficult concrete problems will be dealt with extensively. Types of education Lectures: the contents of the lectures will be approximately the same each week. At the start of each lecture, the contents of the previous lecture will be looked back at using clicker questions. Typically, the rest of the lecture will consist of introducing new concepts, application to a concrete example or further explanation of the concept using a demonstration. Regularly, the understanding of the explained concepts will be tested using clicker questions. Instructions: The students apply the concepts, explained in the lectures, to typical examples in small groups under the guidance of experienced instructors. The way this is organised is faculty‐specific. Tutor groups (TN, EE and AUT): In small groups of maximally 10 students, under the guidance of a tutor, questions and problems, raised during doing exercises, will be discussed and explained. Prerequisite knowledge The lectures are in the second block of the first semester. A large part of the mathematics knowledge, needed for this course, has been explained in the first block of the first semester in the basic course “Calculus”. This mathematics knowledge is expected to be known by the student. V. Week programme The week programme will be explained in the next table. Not all contents of the course will be explained in the lectures. Lectures are intended to introduce concepts and to show, using examples and demonstrations, how these concepts can be applied to explain real‐world phenomena. A more detailed week programme of the lectures can be found in Annex 1. Annex 1 shows per chapter the paragraphs that are or are not part of the course and the instructions. This programme depends on the version of the course. Students, allocated to tutor groups, can ask questions, about the exercises done in their own time, during the tutor hour. For the A version, the conceptual version, of the course a website containing the programme is available: http://www.phys.tue.nl/nfcmr/natuur/collegenatuur.html. Here links to extra supporting information like movies, websites and so on are made available. The website is also suitable for students doing the B, the formal, version of the course. The contents of the faculty specific part of the B version of the programme (week 4) will be announced using the OASE website. The contents of the A version is shown in the table below. Study guide Applied Natural Sciences November, 2014 4 AppliedNaturalSciences“3NxB0”
Week 1 Introduction to the course Units, dimensional analysis, orders of magnitudes Kinematics Dynamics 1 2 3 Week 2 Newton’s Laws of Motion Work and kinetic energy 4,5 6 Week 3 Potential energy and energy conservation Momentum, impulse and collisions 7 8 Week 4 Version specific part ‐ A‐version 25, 26 ‐ B‐version: see OASE website Week 5 Fluid mechanics Simple harmonic motion, (damping, resonance) 12 14 Week 6 Longitudinal and transverse waves, interference, superposition, standing waves, eigen‐frequency Sound waves, Doppler effect, resonance, 'beat' frequency Week 7 Temperature and heat, thermodynamic equilibrium, phase transition, heat transport mechanisms (conduction, radiation, convection) Light waves: reflection, refraction, Snell’s law, total internal reflection, Light waves: dispersion, polarisation, scattering 15 16 17 33 B.Organisationalstructureofthecourse
I.Namesoftheinstructorsoftheinstructionsandtutorgroups: See OASE for information about the names of the lecturers and the names of the instructors/tutors of the instructions/tutor groups. ‐Contactinformation In general, the lecturers and instructors are available Monday to Friday from 9:00h to 17:00h for questions by e‐mail. Questions about the courses can also be asked by email to the course e‐mail addresses. For the conceptual version, the A version, of the course: [email protected] for the formal version, the B version, of the course: [email protected]. Always mention in the email topic your education Major name. Study guide Applied Natural Sciences November, 2014 5 AppliedNaturalSciences“3NxB0”
II.Timescheduleofthecourseandtestingmoments
In the table below the lecture, instruction (bz) and tutor group (tg) schedule is shown. For both versions of the course, the lectures, the instructions and the tutor groups are given in Dutch(nl) and in English(en). See OASE for information about the precise locations for the lectures, instructions and tutor groups. Monday Tuesday
Timeslot 1+2 lecture_nl lecture_en
3+4 bz/tg_nl bz/tg_en
5+6 lecture_en lecture_nl
7+8 bz/tg_en bz/tg_nl
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
‐Importanttestmoments
The final tests (first and second attempt) will be held: 1st attempt: 3NAB0 : January 21, 2015, 09.00 – 12.00, laptop (written test and website OnCourse). 3NBB0 : January 19, 2015, 09.00 – 12.00, written test. 2nd attempt: 3NAB0 : April 13, 2015, 18.00 – 21.00, laptop (written test and website OnCourse). 3NBB0 : April 13, 2015, 18.00 – 21.00, written test. To pass this course at least a grade of 5.0 is needed for the final test (in accordance with the Education and Examination Regulations). The intermediate tests 3NBB3/3NAB3 : Tuesday December 2, 18.45 – 19.30h (A‐variant) or Thursday December 4, 18.45 – 19.30h (B‐variant). The intermediate test will be, for the A version of the course, a written test combined with the website OnCourse. For the B version of the course, the test will be a written test. Inspection (intermediate test and final test) In case you do not agree with the result of the intermediate – or final test, it is possible to send an email requesting an inspection of your test result until 10 days after the publication of the results. Send an email to the email address of your course version ([email protected] or [email protected]), state your reasons, write in the topic of the email which test it concerns and your education Major. Inspections of the intermediate test will take place …. December 2014 for the A version and during the tutor hour or instruction for the B version of the course. Inspections of the final test will take place …. February 2015 for the A version and … February 2015 for the B version of the course The inspection locations will be announced in OASE. Inspection of your test is only possible when an email, requesting so, has been sent to the email address of the respective course version (see above). Test quizzes Study guide Applied Natural Sciences November, 2014 6 AppliedNaturalSciences“3NxB0”
Every Thursday at 18:00h a test quiz, testing the concepts explained that week, will be available on OnCourse. The test quiz has to be filled in before Sunday 23.55 hours using the website of OnCourse. The test quizzes result will be determined by the average of the best 5 (out of 7) test quizzes. The result of the test quizzes determines 10% of the final grade. ‐Locations
The intermediate tests will be held in the evening. The locations for the intermediate ‐ and the final tests will be announced using OASE. III.Studentconductandclassandlecturepolicies
Although, it is possible to obtain a good grade for this course, without ever attending a lecture or an instruction/tutor group, we strongly discourage this. For an optimal study result below we give the following guidance’s. In case you decide to do the lectures and the instructions/tutor groups, we expect certain behaviour from you. Which behaviour we expect at the lectures and instructions/tutor groups will be described below. About the book Besides theoretical concepts the book contains multiple methods for studying optimally. There are Examples, Key concepts, Problem‐Solving Strategies, Summaries, Questions and many exercises of different levels (Discussion Questions, Exercises, Problems and Challenge Problems) The book has a lot of all of the above‐mentioned methods. Try to use them efficiently, effectively and last but not least selectively. About the lectures We not only present Physics concepts in the lectures. We also try to explain the setting, the connections and the applications of the concepts. Also Questions and Problems and test exercises will be dealt with in the lectures. Furthermore, there will be demonstration experiments during the lectures. We cannot cover everything you need to know for the final test in the lectures. We can only give summaries of the concepts covered. Lectures should therefore be regarded as a starting point for the instructions. During lectures and instructions we expect professional conduct. At least no talking during the lecture, attention to the lecture and respect the lecturers. Produce lecture notes especially of concepts/experiments you do not understand. You can always ask questions if you want to know more. During breaks or office hours, the lecturers are available for questions and problems. We are always in for remarks/advice about our lecturing/instructions. As preparation for each lecture we minimally expect, that each student, has read the chapters of the book that will be explained during the upcoming lecture. For what will be explained in the upcoming lecture see the week schedule at the end of this document. About the instructions and tutor groups The key thought of instructions is that students work individually on understanding the concepts explained. The students train individually by doing exercises. Every student is individually responsible for the final result, the understanding of the concepts. Instructors are available for questions, help and advice. They will also give you feedback about your progress and will stimulate discussions. General problems will be explained to the whole instruction group. Sometimes exercises will be compared, summaries will be given and problem‐solving strategies will be evaluated. Study guide Applied Natural Sciences November, 2014 7 AppliedNaturalSciences“3NxB0”
To successfully participate in the instructions we expect students to: Before the instructions: Study the theory, with special attention to the Summary, the Key Concepts and the Problem‐Solving Strategy. Complete your notes from the preceding lecture. In case you do not understand the concepts explained, search for an Example. Try solving the exercise again and again. Ask a fellow student or ultimately ask an instructor. During the instructions: Do the Questions, Problems and potentially the Challenge Problems. At least try to do all exercises. Use paper to solve the problems by using the ISEE problem solving strategy (explained in the book). After the instructions: Do write out all exercises in a clear, concise and readable way. Use the guidelines for working‐out exercises. The advantage of this approach is an extra repetition, and thus a better understanding, of the concepts. Tutor groups During tutor group meetings often appearing problems/misconceptions, as obvious from the handed in weekly test quizzes, will be explained again. Also more specific questions and exercises can be dealt with. What are the benefits of participating in the instructions/tutor groups?  A good training in how to solve problems;  A good preparation for the intermediate ‐ and final test;  A good training how to asks questions;  A good training of formulating answers to exercises on test level;  Possibility to cooperate with fellow students (especially during instructions);  Possibility to obtain support/guidance from instructors. About the final and intermediate tests The intermediate – and final test of the A, the conceptual, version will be a written test combined with a digital test using OnCourse. The intermediate – and final test of the B, the formal, version will be a written test. During the tests a summary of the chapters treated during the lectures is allowed to be used. This summary will be posted on the OASE website. You are only allowed to use a paper version of this summary, without additional notes or remarks. The use of equation books or sheets with equations is not allowed. During the instructions exercises resembling test exercises will be used. This is an essential part of your test preparation. Study guide Applied Natural Sciences November, 2014 8 AppliedNaturalSciences“3NxB0”
Annex 1 Week programme (in detail): 3NAB Week programme (in detail): 3NBB Study guide Applied Natural Sciences November, 2014 9 AppliedNaturalSciences“3NxB0”
Week 1 (3NAB) Preparation Study the summaries of chapters 1, 2 and 3 Recapitulate knowledge about vector notation and vector calculus Lecture Introduction to the lecture Units, physical quantities and vectors
Introduction. Will be repeated in the next lectures. Motion along a straight line Freely falling bodies Motion in 2 or 3 dimensions Projectile motion and motion in a circle Instructions Discussion 2.16, 2.19, 3.12, 3.16
Exercises, Problems, Challenge Problems Learning goals 2.6, 2.11, 2.12, 2.16, 2.28, 2.32, 2.48, 2.55, 2.65, 2.73, 2.81, 2.82, 3.11, 3.22, 3.27, 3.36, 3.48, 3.60, 3.76, 3.78 Three fundamental quantities of physics and the units physicists use to measure them. The difference between scalars and vectors How to describe straight‐line motion in terms of average velocity, instantaneous velocity, average acceleration, and instantaneous acceleration. How to analyze straight‐line motion when the acceleration is not constant How to represent the position of a body in two or three dimensions using vectors. How to describe the curved path followed by a projectile The key ideas behind motion in a circular path, with either constant speed or varying speed. Study guide Applied Natural Sciences November, 2014 10 AppliedNaturalSciences“3NxB0”
Week 2 (3NAB) Preparation Study the summaries of chapters 4, 5 and 6 Introduction to Newton’s laws, use of free‐body diagrams, work and kinetic energy Lecture Newton’s laws of motion Superposition of forces, three Newton’s laws; Inertial frames of reference; Free‐body diagram Newton’s laws of motion: applications
Equilibrium, Dynamics of Particles; Friction; Dynamics of (Non‐) Uniform Circular Motion Resistance and terminal Speed; Separation of variables Work and kinetic energy Work: Positive, Negative or Zero; Kinetic energy and the work‐energy theorem; Work and energy with varying forces; Average power; Instantaneous power Instructions Discussion 4.33, 5.21, 6.21 Exercises, Problems, Challenge Problems Learning goals 4.4, 4.10, 4.26, 4.43, 4.54, 5.3, 5.14, 5.20, 5.26, 5.35, 5.46, 5.53, 5.56, 5.71, 5.82, 5.88, 5.102, 5.105, 5.119, 6.3, 6.15, 6.29, 6.53, 6.63, 6.75 What the concept of force means in physics, and why forces are vectors. The significance of the net force on an object, and what happens when the net force is zero. The relationship among the net force on an object, the object’s mass, and its acceleration. How the forces that two bodies exert on each other are related. How to use Newton’s first law to solve problems involving the forces that act on a body in equilibrium. How to use Newton’s second law to solve problems involving the forces that act on an accelerating body. The nature of the different types of friction forces: static friction, kinetic friction, rolling friction, and fluid resistance. And how to solve problems that involve these forces. How the total work done on a body changes the body’s kinetic energy.
How to solve problems involving power (the rate of doing work) Study guide Applied Natural Sciences November, 2014 11 AppliedNaturalSciences“3NxB0”
Week 3 (3NAB) Preparation Study the summaries of Chapters 7 8, and 12 Potential energy; Conservation of energy; Momentum; Impulse and collisions, Fluid mechanics Lecture Potential Energy and Energy Conservation Gravitational and elastic potential energy; Conservation of mechanical energy Conservative and non‐conservative forces; Force and potential energy (1‐D) Momentum, Impulse, and Collisions Impulse definition; Impulse‐momentum theorem (both are vectors); Conservation of momentum Fluid Mechanics Instructions Discussion Exercises, Problems, Challenge Problems
Learning goals Momentum conservation and collisions; Elastic and (completely) inelastic collisions Density of a fluid; Pressure in a fluid; Pascal’ law; Buoyancy: Archimedes’ principle Fluid flow; The Continuity equation; Deriving Bernoulli’s equation 7.6, 8.2, 8.26, 12.23,
7.5, 7.11, 7.18, 7.27, 7.35, 7.42, 7.63, 7.86, 8.6, 8.13, 8.20, 8.30, 8.41, 8.55, 8.59, 8.70, 8.106, 12.11, 12.17, 12.26, 12.30, 12.33, 12.37, 12.43, 12.46, 12.59, 12.89 How to use the concept of gravitational potential energy in problems that involve vertical motion. How to use the concept of elastic potential energy in problems that involve a moving body attached to a stretched or compressed spring. The distinction between conservative and non‐conservative forces, and how to solve problems in which both kinds of forces act on a moving body The meaning of the momentum of a particle, and how the impulse of the net force acting on a particle causes its momentum to change The important distinction among elastic, inelastic, and completely inelastic collisions. The definition of the center of mass of a system, and what determines how the center of mass moves. What is meant by the pressure in a fluid, and how it is measured.
How to calculate the buoyant force that a fluid exerts on a body immersed in it. How to use Bernoulli’s equation to relate pressure and flow speed at different points in certain types of flow. Study guide Applied Natural Sciences November, 2014 12 AppliedNaturalSciences“3NxB0”
Week 4 (3NAB) Preparation Study the summaries of Chapters 25
and 26 Current, resistance, R‐C circuits, energy and power in electric circuits, Kirchhoff’s rules Lecture Current, resistance Definition of resistance, current and potential energy and power in electric circuits R‐C circuits, Kirchhoff’s rules Resistance in series and parallel circuits, Kirchhoff’s rules Charging and discharging in R‐C circuits Instructions discussion 25.14, 26.5, 26.6 Week 4 (exercises, problems, challenge problems) Learning goals 25.10, 25.16 25.17, 25.26, 25.29, 25.33, 25.37, 25.38, 25.42, 25.45, 26.2, 26.6, 26.10, 26.15, 26.25, 26.28, 26.41, 26.47, 26.52, 26.62 Knowing the relation between current, potential, resistance and power Being able to determine the resistivity
Being able to determine the equivalence resistance of a circuit of resistances in series and/or parallel Knowing how to apply Kirchhoff’s rules
Being able to describe the charging and discharging dynamics of R‐C circuits Study guide Applied Natural Sciences November, 2014 13 AppliedNaturalSciences“3NxB0”
Week 5 (3NAB) Preparation Study the summaries of chapter 14 and sections 15.1‐15.3 Simple harmonic oscillator, vibrations, waves. Lecture Simple harmonic oscillator Amplitude, frequency and phase angle; displacement, speed and acceleration; conservation of mechanical energy. Weak damping, critical ‐and over damping; resonance. Damped and driven oscillations Waves Longitudinal and transverse waves; pulse waves en harmonic waves; phase speed versus particle speed; the wave equation. Instructions Discussion 14.1, 14.5 | 15.5, 15.10 Week 5 (exercises problems, challenge problems) Learning goals 14.1, 14.11, 14.12, 14.20, 14.26, 14.30, 14.36, 14.48, 14.50, 14.58, 14.62, 14.72, 14.77, 14.95 | 15.4, 15.10, 15.11 How to describe oscillations in terms of amplitude, period, frequency, and angular frequency. How to do calculations with simple harmonic motion, an important type of oscillation. How to use energy concepts to analyze simple harmonic motion. What determines how rapidly an oscillation dies out.
How a driving force applied to an oscillator at the right frequency can cause a very large response, or resonance. What is meant by a mechanical wave, and the different varieties of mechanical waves. How to use the relationship among speed, frequency, and wavelength for a periodic wave. How to interpret and use the mathematical expression for a sinusoidal periodic wave. Study guide Applied Natural Sciences November, 2014 14 AppliedNaturalSciences“3NxB0”
Week 6 (3NAB) Preparation Study the summaries of sections 15.4 ‐
15.6, and chapter 16 Interference, superposition, sound waves, Doppler effect, resonance. Lecture Properties of mechanical waves
The speed of mechanical waves.
Average power in wave motion ; intensity of wave motion.
Interference, superposition Properties of a longitudinal wave (sound waves) Speed of sound in materials Intensity of a sound wave and the Decibel scale Interference
Doppler effect
Standing longitudinal waves Resonance frequency
Instructions Discussion 15.12 | 16.2, 16.13, Week 6 (excersises, problems, challenge problems) Learning goals Standing waves in a tube with one or two open ends; normal‐mode frequency 15.19, 15.27, 15.32, 15.58, 15.78 | 16.4, 16.7, 16.16, 16.25, 16.28, 16.31, 16.35, 16.45, 16.48, 16.52, 16.65, 16.70 The properties of standing waves on a string, and how to analyze these waves. How to calculate the rate at which a mechanical wave transports energy. What happens when mechanical waves overlap and interfere.
How to describe a sound wave in terms of either particle displacements or pressure fluctuations. How to calculate the speed of sound waves in different materials. How to calculate the intensity of a sound wave. What determines the particular frequencies of sound produced by an organ or a flute. What happens when sound waves from different sources overlap. Why the pitch of a siren changes as it moves past you. Study guide Applied Natural Sciences November, 2014 15 AppliedNaturalSciences“3NxB0”
Week 7 (3NAB) Preparation Study the summaries of chapter 17 and 33
Lecture Temperature and temperature scales; Thermal expansion and thermal stress Heat, Heat transport Analogy with Ohm’s law Reflection and refraction, total internal reflection. Dispersion Polarization filters, Malus’s law, polarization by reflection, Brewster’s law, circular polarization, photoelasticity Scattering
Scattering (general), scattering by small particles, why is the sky blue? Huygens ‘s principle Wave front analysis by reflection and refraction. 17.5, 17.12
Week 7 (exercises, problems, challenge problems) Temperature definition microscope and macroscopic; thermal equilibrium; Kelvin‐; Celsius‐ scales; Thermal expansion, linear and volumetric; thermal stress; expansion coefficient Definition of heat; molar heat capacity, Heat transfer, ‐ conduction, ‐ convection, ‐ radiation; heat conduction coefficient. Analogy between V=i x R and T = H x R Properties of light; light speed; wave front; rays; index of refraction; angle of incidence, reflection and refraction; Snell’s law, total internal reflection. Index of refraction and the wave aspect of light, primary and secondary rainbows Polarization Instructions Discussion Learning goals Temperature and temperature scales; thermal expansion; heat; conduction; convection; radiation, vibrations, waves, sound 17.11; 17.16; 17.26; 17.28; 17.50; 17.63; 17.65; 17.66; 17.70; 17.71; 17.73; 17.83; 17.97; 17.100; 17.106; 17.107; 17.108; 17.109, 33.1, 33.8, 33.10, 33.13, 33.14, 33.17, 33.19, 33.21, 33.25, 33.26, 33.28, 33.29, 33.30, 33.32, 33.37, 33.38, 33.41, 33.48, 33.49, 33.52, 33.53, 33. 54, 33.62, 33.63 Tutorials: A sparkling diamond, scattering and polarized light, Huygens' Principle The meaning of thermal equilibrium, and what thermometers really measure. The meaning of heat, and how it differs from temperature. How heat is transferred by conduction, convection, and radiation. How the dimensions of an object change as a result of a temperature change. Understand an apply the analogy between Ohms law V = i x R heat transport T = H x R How to do calculations that involve heat flow, temperature changes, and changes of phase. What light rays are, and how they are related to wave fronts. The laws that govern the reflection and refraction of light. The circumstances under which light is totally reflected at an interface. How to make polarized light out of ordinary light. How Huygens’s principle helps us analyze reflection and refraction. Study guide Applied Natural Sciences November, 2014 16 AppliedNaturalSciences“3NxB0”
Weekprogramma (in detail): 3NBB Week 1 (3NBB) Preparation Study the summaries of chapters 1, 2 and 3 Recapitulate knowledge about vector notation and vector calculus Course material: chapters 1,2 and 3 (except 3.5) Lecture Introduction to the lecture Units, physical quantities and vectors Introduction. Will be repeated in the next lectures. Motion along a straight line Freely falling bodies
Motion in 2 or 3 dimensions Projectile motion and motion in a circle Instructions Discussion 2.16, 2.19, 3.12, 3.16 Week 1 (excerises, problems, challenge problems) Learning goals 1.75, 1.99, 2.25, 2.29, 2.33, 2.47, 2.62, 2.74, 2.76, 2.82, 2.90, 2.94, 2.98, 2.99, 3.29, 3.60, 3.68, 3.74, 3.88 Three fundamental quantities of physics and the units physicists use to measure them. The difference between scalars and vectors How to describe straight‐line motion in terms of average velocity, instantaneous velocity, average acceleration, and instantaneous acceleration. How to analyze straight‐line motion when the acceleration is not constant How to represent the position of a body in two or three dimensions using vectors. How to describe the curved path followed by a projectile The key ideas behind motion in a circular path, with either constant speed or varying speed. Study guide Applied Natural Sciences November, 2014 17 AppliedNaturalSciences“3NxB0”
Week 2 (3NBB) Preparation Study the summaries of chapters 4, 5 and 6 Introduction to Newton’s laws, use of free‐body diagrams, work and kinetic energy Course material: chapters 4,5 and 6
Lecture Newton’s laws of motion Superposition of forces, three Newton’s laws; Inertial frames of reference; Free‐body diagram Newton’s laws of motion: applications Equilibrium, Dynamics of Particles; Friction; Dynamics of (Non‐) Uniform Circular Motion Resistance and terminal Speed; Separation of variables Work and kinetic energy Work: Positive, Negative or Zero; Kinetic energy and the work‐energy theorem; Work and energy with varying forces; Average power; Instantaneous power Instructions Discussion 4.33, 5.21, 6.21
Week 2 (exercises, problems, challenge problems) Learning goals 4.43, 4.54, 4.56, 4.62, 5.3, 5.57, 5.60, 5.71, 5.88, 5.102, 5.108, 5.119, 5.120, 5.122, 5.126, 6.76, 6.80, 6.86, 6.103, 6.104 What the concept of force means in physics, and why forces are vectors. The significance of the net force on an object, and what happens when the net force is zero. The relationship among the net force on an object, the object’s mass, and its acceleration. How the forces that two bodies exert on each other are related. How to use Newton’s first law to solve problems involving the forces that act on a body in equilibrium. How to use Newton’s second law to solve problems involving the forces that act on an accelerating body. The nature of the different types of friction forces—static friction, kinetic friction, rolling friction, and fluid resistance—and how to solve problems that involve these forces. How the total work done on a body changes the body’s kinetic energy. How to solve problems involving power (the rate of doing work) Study guide Applied Natural Sciences November, 2014 18 AppliedNaturalSciences“3NxB0”
Week 3 (3NBB) Preparation Study the summaries of Chapters 7 and 8 Potential energy; Conservation of energy; Momentum; Impulse and collisions Course material: 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4 (1 dimension only), 7.5, 8.1 t/m 8.5 Lecture Potential Energy and Energy Conservation Gravitational and elastic potential energy; Conservation of mechanical energy Conservative and non‐conservative forces; Force and potential energy (1‐D) Momentum, Impulse, and Collisions Impulse definition; Impulse‐momentum theorem (both are vectors); Conservation of momentum Momentum conservation and collisions; Elastic and (completely) inelastic collisions Instructions Discussion 7.6, 8.2, 8.26 Week 3 (exercises, problems, challenge problems) Learning goals 7.27, 7.34, 7.46, 7.71, 7.78, 7.86, 8.69, 8.72, 8.84, 8.86, 8.98, 8.104, 8.106, 8.109, 8.115 How to use the concept of gravitational potential energy in problems that involve vertical motion. How to use the concept of elastic potential energy in problems that involve a moving body attached to a stretched or compressed spring. The distinction between conservative and non‐conservative forces, and how to solve problems in which both kinds of forces act on a moving body The meaning of the momentum of a particle, and how the impulse of the net force acting on a particle causes its momentum to change The important distinction among elastic, inelastic, and completely inelastic collisions. The definition of the center of mass of a system, and what determines how the center of mass moves.
Study guide Applied Natural Sciences November, 2014 19 AppliedNaturalSciences“3NxB0”
Week 4 (3NBB) Faculty specific 3NBB part of the other faculties: In due time through OASE website Study guide Applied Natural Sciences November, 2014 20 AppliedNaturalSciences“3NxB0”
Week 5 (3NBB) Preparation Study the summaries of chapters 12 and 14 (except 14.6) Lecture Fluid Mechanics Course material: 12.1 t/m 12.5, ch 14 (except 14.6) Damped and driven oscillations Density of a fluid; Pressure in a fluid; Pascal’ law; Buoyancy: Archimedes’ principle, Fluid flow; The Continuity equation; Deriving Bernoulli’s equation Amplitude, frequency and phase angle; displacement, speed and acceleration; conservation of mechanical energy. Weak damping, critical ‐and over damping; resonance. Simple harmonic oscillator Instructions Discussion 14.1, 14.5 Week 5 (exercises, problems, challenge problems) Learning goals fluid mechanics, simple harmonic oscillator, vibrations, waves. 12.11, 12.17, 12.30, 12.37, 12.43, 12.53, 12.58, 12.66, 12.89, 12.90, 12.94, 12.97, 14.1, 14.11, 14.12, 14.20, 14.26, 14.36, 14.50, 14.61, 14.62, 14.72, 14.76, 14.85, 14.91, 14.93, 14.101 What is meant by the pressure in a fluid, and how it is measured. How to calculate the buoyant force that a fluid exerts on a body immersed in it. How to use Bernoulli’s equation to relate pressure and flow speed at different points in certain types of flow. How to describe oscillations in terms of amplitude, period, frequency, and angular frequency. How to do calculations with simple harmonic motion, an important type of oscillation. How to use energy concepts to analyze simple harmonic motion. What determines how rapidly an oscillation dies out. How a driving force applied to an oscillator at the right frequency can cause a very large response, or resonance. What is meant by a mechanical wave, and the different varieties of mechanical waves. How to use the relationship among speed, frequency, and wavelength for a periodic wave. How to interpret and use the mathematical expression for a sinusoidal periodic wave. Study guide Applied Natural Sciences November, 2014 21 AppliedNaturalSciences“3NxB0”
Week 6 (3NBB) Preparation Study the summaries of chapters 15 and 16 Lecture Waves Interference, superposition, sound waves, Doppler effect, resonance. Course material: chapters 15 and 16 Properties of mechanical waves
Properties of a longitudinal wave (sound waves) Longitudinal and transverse waves; pulse waves en harmonic waves; phase speed versus particle speed; the wave equation. The speed of mechanical waves
Average power in wave motion ; intensity of wave motion. Interference, superposition
Speed of sound in materials
Intensity of a sound wave and the Decibel scale Interference Doppler effect
Standing longitudinal waves Resonance frequency
Instructions Discussion 15.5, 15.10, 15.12, 16.2, 16.13 Week 6 (exercises, problems, challenge problems) Learning goals Standing waves in a tube with one or two open ends; normal‐mode frequency 15.4, 15.12, 15.13, 15.19, 15.27, 15.32, 15.58, 15.72, 15.81, 15.82, 16.4, 16.7, 16.16, 16.28, 16.31, 16.35, 16.45, 16.52, 16.57, 16.59, 16.65, 16.67, 16.70, 16.74, 16.75 The properties of standing waves on a string, and how to analyze these waves. How to calculate the rate at which a mechanical wave transports energy. What happens when mechanical waves overlap and interfere.
How to describe a sound wave in terms of either particle displacements or pressure fluctuations. How to calculate the speed of sound waves in different materials. How to calculate the intensity of a sound wave. What determines the particular frequencies of sound produced by an organ or a flute. What happens when sound waves from different sources overlap. Why the pitch of a siren changes as it moves past you. Study guide Applied Natural Sciences November, 2014 22 AppliedNaturalSciences“3NxB0”
Week 7 (3NBB) Preparation Study the summaries of chapter 17 and 33
Lecture Temperature and temperature scales; Thermal expansion and thermal stress Heat, Heat transport Analogy with Ohm’s law Reflection and refraction, total internal reflection. Dispersion Temperature definition microscope and macroscopic; thermal equilibrium; Kelvin‐; Celsius‐ scales; Thermal expansion, linear and volumetric; thermal stress; expansion coefficient Definition of heat; molar heat capacity, Heat transfer, ‐
conduction, ‐ convection, ‐ radiation; heat conduction coefficient. Analogy between V=i x R and T = H x R Properties of light; light speed; wave front; rays; index of refraction; angle of incidence, reflection and refraction; Snell’s law, total internal reflection. Index of refraction and the wave aspect of light, primary and secondary rainbows Polarization Polarization filters, Malus’s law, polarization by reflection, Brewster’s law, circular polarization, photoelasticity Scattering Scattering (general), scattering by small particles, why is the sky blue? Huygens ‘s principle Wave front analysis by reflection and refraction. Instructions Discussion Week 7 (exercises, problems, challenge problems) Learning goals Temperature and temperature scales; thermal expansion; heat; conduction; convection; radiation, vibrations, waves, sound Course material: chapters 17 and 33 17.5, 17.13
17.11; 17.26; 17.28; 17.50; 17.65; 17.66; 17.71; 17.73; 17.83; 17.97; 17.99; 17.100; 17.102; 17.106; 17.108; 17.109, 17.111, 17.121, 17.123, 17.126, 17.127, 33.7, 33.8, 33.10, 33.12, 33.17, 33.19, 33.21, 33.25, 33.26, 33.27, 33.28, 33.30, 33.32, 33.33, 33.36, 33.38, 33.47, 33.49, 33.52, 33.53, 33. 54, 33.56, 33.57, 33.62, 33.63, 33.66, 33.67. The meaning of thermal equilibrium, and what thermometers really measure. The meaning of heat, and how it differs from temperature. How heat is transferred by conduction, convection, and radiation. How the dimensions of an object change as a result of a temperature change. Understand an apply the analogy between Ohms law V = i x R heat transport T = H x R How to do calculations that involve heat flow, temperature changes, and changes of phase. What light rays are, and how they are related to wave fronts. The laws that govern the reflection and refraction of light. The circumstances under which light is totally reflected at an interface. How to make polarized light out of ordinary light. How Huygens’s principle helps us analyze reflection and refraction. Study guide Applied Natural Sciences November, 2014 23