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Century Electric Motors New sletter July 2013 Pump Motor Troubleshooting Review and Replacement Checklist Properly maintaining leisure water pump systems requires a firm foundation in electric motor knowledge. A good bit of knowledge develops over time and comes from experience earned through hands on replacement and troubleshooting in the field. Regardless of the level of knowledge or experience, the following overview of steps to consider when troubleshooting a pool pump problem or selecting the proper replacement motor can be valuable. When replacing a motor that has failed, if possible it is best to determine the cause. By understanding why the original motor failed, it may be possible to correct issues thereby improving the installation. A little investigative work early on can help ensure the replacement motor performs as expected while avoiding problems that may arise due to unresolved conditions in the pump system. Added scrutiny of external conditions in and around the pump for issues such as moisture, low voltage, or dirt and debris that could have contributed to the original motor failure is always justified. Things to consider when installing or troubleshooting a pump motor. Heat The number one enemy of an electric motor is heat. Overheating always results whenever there is a lack of clean, continually circulating air through the motor. Heat can damage a motor’s windings, insulation, bearing lubricant and capacitors. In short, heat can quickly decrease the service life of a motor. Remember that proper ventilation is always crucial when installing a pump motor. If at all possible, install a motor in a location that is free of dirt, dust, or airborne debris, such as leaves. Try to choose a shady spot if being installed outdoors but preferably protected from leaves and grass clippings. If a cover is used to protect from possible debris, there needs to be enough room between the motor and the cover to allow for continual and unrestricted airflow through the motor. When troubleshooting, remember that Century single-phase pool and spa motors feature a thermal overload protector that will shut down the motor if it overheats. As the windings cool down, the overload protector will automatically restart the motor. Blocked ventilation or an overload condition can cause the motor to shut down repeatedly. Altitude can result in hotter running motors also. For installations more than 3,300 feet above sea level it is advisable to use a motor with the next larger horsepower rating than one recommended for the application at sea level. This will result in a cooler running motor but will not overpower the smaller impeller - the motor will deliver only the power load of the smaller impeller. Moisture Water damage from leaking seals is an all-to-common cause of pump motor failure. A leaking pump seal may cause a motor to fail very quickly. Always install a new Viton® or equivalent seal when reassembling a pump or installing a replacement motor. It is important that a new pump seal be installed correctly. After disassembling the pump cavity to expose the old or defective seal, careful remove the old seal. Note how the old seal is assembled and be sure to the new seal is installed in identical manner. Clean the shaft and counterbore surfaces to remove rust and burrs. Use extra caution when cleaning internal components and especially when handling the new seal as its lapped or polished faces are easily scratched and damaged. Protect from damage, dirt and fingerprints. After properly lubricating the shaft, seat counterbore, and rubber members of the seal, reassemble the pump (always use water soluble lubricant recommended by seal manufacturers). If the pump system has been run dry long enough for the plastic pump to overheat, consider replacing the entire pump also as warping may have occurred that will make it impossible for the seal to prevent leaking. For added protection, do not remove the water slinger (washer) from the shaft. It helps deflect water away from the motor bearing. Not all moisture problems originate from within the pump system. Pool motors should also be installed where they will not be splashed with water. Avoid placing the motor in low spots that may be prone to flooding or under roof overhangs where gutters could overflow during heavy rains. It is best to elevate the motor at least two inches from the ground. Power Source & Grounding Before turning the motor on, check to see that the line voltage, phase, and frequency match the specifications shown on the motor nameplate. Current capacity must be adequate enough to maintain rated voltage at the motor terminals under all conditions. If it is too low, contact the local utility. If too high, check for overloaded circuits, loose connections, or wire of the wrong gauge. When servicing or replacing a pump motor make sure all the connections are tight to prevent failure or overheating. Checking the electrical supply wires to confirm sufficiency to carry the required voltage is often an overlooked step when troubleshooting and replacing pump motors. Larger wire sizes reduce the voltage drop to the motor in both the start and run modes. A lower voltage drop means the motor will run more efficiently – cooler – and have increased service life. A grounding check is a critical step before applying power to the motor. In addition to the green grounding screw inside the motor which grounds the motor to the service ground, every pool and spa motor should have a bonding lug on the outside of the motor to be used to bond the motor and all other conductive surfaces together to prevent a potential difference between surfaces. Grounding should be done in compliance with all local and national electrical codes. Mounting & Connections Fastening the pump and motor system securely to a foundation or base will prevent vibration, potential loosening, and future misalignment. Ensure the motor and pump assemblies rotate freely before starting the motor. Seasonal Whenever a motor must be shut down for extended periods, be sure all surfaces, vents, and interior are dry to prevent rust. If the motor is kept outdoors, cover it to prevent debris such as blowing leaves, dirt, and other clogging elements from collecting in the inlets. Do not seal the motor in a plastic or other airtight wrapping as condensation may form on the inside damaging bearings and insulation. When restarting a pump and motor after an extended down time, make sure the suction is flooded so the pump seal is wet. Starting the motor with a dry pump seal can cause seal damage. How would you rate the value of this article? lowest 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 highest Sorry, voting is closed. Choosing the Right Replacement Pool Pump Motor Know the End Erame. Square and C-Face are the most popular flange types found in in-ground pool pump applications. Many above ground pool applications utilize a thru bolt end frame. Know the Total Horsepower. First determine the total horsepower of the motor being replaced. Multiply nameplate horsepower by nameplate service factor to get the total horsepower or true horsepower (the equation is HP x SF = THP). Then select a replacement motor with an equivalent or slightly higher total horsepower rating. Know the Hertz, Phase, and Voltage. Unless the power supply is being changed, the replacement motor will need to be the same as the original motor in Hertz, phase, and voltage. Determine whether you need a single or three phase motor. In the United States, the power supply is based on 60 Hertz or 60-cycle. As a general rule, 50-cycle motors should not be substituted for 60-cycle motors and vice versa. The operating voltage of the replacement motor must be capable of operating on the same voltage as the original motor. If the original motor was a dual voltage design – 230/115 volt – the replacement can likewise be a dual voltage motor. If a dual voltage motor is not readily available, a single voltage motor in the correct voltage can be substituted. Next Issue In August specific pool motor issues along with some basic troubleshooting procedures will be covered in more detail. Questions or Suggestions? Do you have pool and spa motor questions or suggestions for future pump motor articles? E-mail them today to [email protected]. V-Green® 270 - the Versatile Energy Efficient Pump Motor The Century V-Green 270 variable speed motor delivers superior energy savings of 40 - 80 percent versus a standard single speed. Visit V-Green to learn more and to watch an introductory video. For additional Century pump motor product information or to place an order, contact customer service at 866.887.5216 or visit www.pool-motors.com 2Green™ Premium Two Speed Pool Motors from Century® With energy efficient high and low speed windings paired with an onboard timer interface, the Century 2Green™ motor design is compliant with California, Florida, and Arizona energy efficiency statutes for replacement pump motor filtration system applications. The latest addition to Century’s Green Choice® family of replacement pump motors, the 2Green motor design incorporates a programmable timer interface which eliminates the need for a separate timer. This design integration can To learn more about the Century 2Green replacement motor, visit online and watch the introductory video. 2Green Motor Premium Features make an installation of a compliant replacement Integrated Timer Interface solution faster and easier for service contractors Timer Mode as no additional wiring is required,. Adjustable Contrast Manual Mode as the 2Green™ motor’s premium efficiency Battery Backup - Program Saver LCD Display with Backlight two-speed design augmented by the integrated High Effeciency High and Low timer can reduce energy consumption by as much as 58 percent over a standard single Speed Pool owners stand to benefit the most, however, speed pump motor. Currently the lineup of 2Green™ motors includes both square flange and C-Face configurations. With no external parts or connections to the existing plumbing or electrical system required, the installation of a 2Green™ motor is basically the same as that of a standard replacement motor. Once the motor is powered on, the installer or pool owner can enter start and stop times for both high and low speeds thanks to the step-by-step on-screen instructions. To learn more go to 2Green™ premium efficiency two-speed replacement motor with integrated timer online. Click to review or download the 2Green product bulletin # 2850. 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