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Ecological SuccessionDefinition,Types of Ecological Succession ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION : Ecosystems are constantly changing due to natural and human disturbances. This is a big ecological problem for ecological succession. Example: 1. Natural Disturbance(such as: forest fire) 2. Human Disturbance(such agriculture) as:clearing a forest for DEFINITION OF ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION : Ecological succession is the series of changes in an ecosystem when one community is replaced by another community as a result of changes in biotic and abiotic factors. It can regenerate a damaged community It can create a community in a previously unhabitated area Succession occurs in all types of ecosystem (Forest, ponds, corals reefs, etc) It may takes hundreds or thousands of years. SERI AND SERAL COMMUNITY TYPES OF ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION : Ecological succession IS mainly of two types: 1. Primary succession. 2. Secondary succession. 1. Primary succession: The process of creating and developing an ecosystem in an area that was previously uninhabited sides (volcanoes ,sides of glacier recession) 1. Occurs in areas with no soil 2. It is a very slow process 3. The process of primary succession starts with the arrival of living things such as lichens and mosses. that do not need soil to survive. Pioneer species Pioneer species is the first organisms of primary succession to live in a previously uninhabited area. The pioneer species help create soil by breaking down the rock particles into smaller and smaller pieces. As lichens and mosses dies, they decompose and add small amounts of nutrients to the rock particles, creating soil. 4. During the early stage of succession there are not many habitats, so not many organisms are found in environment. 5. Ones there is enough soil and nutrients, small plants such as flowers, ferns, grasses grow, which helps in primary plant succession. These plants help to further break down the rocks and add nutrients to the soil when they die and decompose. 6. Due to the primary plant succession it helps to create habitats of small animals like insects and small mammals. 7. Over time, as animals die and decompose ,their bodies add nutrients to the soil allowing larger plant species to populate the area ,larger animals follow the larger plants. Eventually, a mature community is formed and this mature community is called Climax Community. (Climax community is a community that is able to maintain itself for long periods of time with few changes in the species that populate it) 2. Secondary Succession : Secondary succession is the process of repairing a damaged ecosystem. It occurs when community is destroyed, altered but soil is still there (Such as: natural disasters, human activities, death of organisms) 1. Its typically a much faster process than primary succession, because there is already soil present. 2. It is a never ending process 3. Any disturbance in ecosystem result in secondary succession starting over. 4. If an ecosystem is frequently disturbed it will not be able to support large trees and animals so it will consist of the animals typical of the early stages of succession. 5. Very similar to primary succession but does not require soil forming pioneer species. This is short note about ecological succession. If you want to get various biology notes , follow us. Thank You.