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Agenda • Finish presentation • Quiz • NOTES! Homework • Maps! • Quiz next class After WWII The Cold War Reconstruction • Germany – Germany and Berlin divided among allies powers – France, US and UK combined and installed a Democratic government • Japan – Occupation by the US under General Mac Author's administration – Demilization – Democracy and economic development New Institutions • United Nations EUROPE AND UNITED STATES AFTER THE WAR The Cold War • Containment Western Europe • Expansion of democracy – Fascists discredited – Revolutionaries fall out of favor – Suffrage expanded • Economic growth – Welfare state – Consumer culture • New cooperation and institutions Troubles in Western Europe • Inflation • “guest workers” and racism Eastern Europe • Development of Communist Bloc • Secularization, collectivization, industrialization • Soviet Union – Political stability after Stalin – Moderate and conservative Troubles in Eastern Europe • Agricultural production • People attempt to escape to the West – Brain drain • Motivation and discipline • Foreign policy failures • Environmental damage Brief history and characteristics THE COLD WAR HTTP://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH? V=U9KX6ZKIGUE&FEATURE=RELATED&S AFETY_MODE=TRUE&PERSIST_SAFETY_ MODE=1&SAFE=ACTIVE Beginnings of the Cold War • Yalta Conference Two Rivalries United States • Democracy • Free enterprise system USSR • Dictatorship • Communism • President Truman: • Soviets set up puppet/ satellite nations in Eastern Europe – Policy of containment – The Marshall Plan Characteristics of the Cold War • North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) vs. Warsaw Pact • Korean War • Vietnam War • Berlin and the Berlin War • Cuban Missile Crisis • Nuclear weapons and the theory of deterrence • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SnLYYwlts og&feature=plcp&context=C498e671VDvjVQa 1PpcFOzjT46cJ49FDHhkg7_kHennHcmZ23qaS M%3D&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_m ode=1&safe=active Agenda • Quiz • Guidance • Lecture Homework • Outline of China End of the Cold War • Collapse of communism in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe – Soviet economic collapse – Nationalism in Warsaw Pact countries – Tearing down the Berlin Wall – Breakup of the Soviet Union – Expansion of NATO People of the Cold War • • • • Indira Gandhi Margaret Thatcher Mikhail Gorbachev Deng Xiaoping Latin America Latin America • Already politically independent • But economically dependent – Foreign investment from West – Relied on exports and world markets Governments • Authoritarian response to the Great Depression – Leaders still in power in 1945 • Socialism and Marxism are popular after the war Pressures for Reforms • • • • Powerful elites Oligarchic economy and politics Repression of Indians Poor conditions for agricultural, later industrial, workers Solutions in Latin America • Imposed stability and growth – Single-party Mexico, military governments • Marxist revolutions – Land reform, social changes • Liberation theology – Catholicism and social justice Cold War Context • US provided export market, development assistance, foreign investment – Created Banana Republics – Intervened often – Accepted dictators • USSR supported revolutionaries Radicals • Usually supported by USSR • Succeed in taking power, but struggle in making true reforms – Maybe social success, rarely economic progress • Usually became elite-focused and authoritarian Military Coups • Nationalistic • Usually supported by US • Limited freedom in favor of stability and forced economic development – Repressive dictatorships – Not more successful than other options In Later Times (1980s) • Military gave power back, more elections • Still problems – Debt – Inflation – Drug gangs • Populism and socialism still possible Social • Women slowly gain rights, but about equal to West now • Population expands rapidly • Population movement as well: – Political and economic refugees – International labor market – Most urbanized of Third World Decolonization DECOLONIZATION OF INDIA HTTP://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH? V=SYOAPZ19ABO&SAFETY_MODE=TRU E&PERSIST_SAFETY_MODE=1&SAFE=AC TIVE Setting for Indian Independence • • • • Britain weak after WWI and WWII Indian National Congress Leadership of Gandhi Political division Gandhi • Leader of Nationalist group – Passive resistance, civil disobedience: boycotted British goods, refused to pay taxes, disregarded British laws – Used ahimsa (nonviolence) and satyagraha (search for truth) DECOLONIZATION OF AFRICA http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sU y_197dYX4&feature=related&safety_ mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&s afe=active • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b2903pxjY rc&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode= 1&safe=active • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6HLJ0JDss aU&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode= 1&safe=active After WWII • Resentment in imperial rule and economic exploitation • Pride in African culture and heritage • Right to self-determination Decolonization • Mixture of peaceful and violent revolutions after WWII • Colonies where lost by Britain, France. Belgium and Portugal – Helped by superpower rivalry during the cold war Examples of Independent movements • West Africa: Peaceful transition • Algeria – War of Independence from France • Kenya (Britain): – Violent struggle under leadership of Jomo Kenyatta • South Africa: – Black South African struggles against apartheid – Nelson Mandela: First black president of the republic of South Africa South Asia Challenges • • • • • Rivalries and sectarian violence Population explosion Parasitic Cities and Endangered Ecosystems Women’s Rights Cold War Rivalries and Development Solutions • Populism • One-party rule (or military) – Nasser in Egypt • State intervention – India • Religious Revivalism – Iran Asia • Japan • Pacific Rim – Taiwan • China • Vietnam Will break into the following groups • Eastern Europe after the fall of the soviet Union • India/Pakistan • Israel/Palestine • Balkans • Persian Gulf • Ethnic conflicts (Rwanda and Sudan) • Failed states (Somalia, Afghanistan, Sierra Leone, Liberia) • Affect / characteristic of Globalization Directions • Create the TOP 10 thing you will need to know about each item. • Write it down in ONE piece of paper.