Download After WWII

Agenda
• Finish presentation
• Quiz
• NOTES!
Homework
• Maps!
• Quiz next class
After WWII
The Cold War
Reconstruction
• Germany
– Germany and Berlin divided among allies powers
– France, US and UK combined and installed a
Democratic government
• Japan
– Occupation by the US under General Mac Author's
administration
– Demilization
– Democracy and economic development
New Institutions
• United Nations
EUROPE AND UNITED STATES
AFTER THE WAR
The Cold War
• Containment
Western Europe
• Expansion of democracy
– Fascists discredited
– Revolutionaries fall out of favor
– Suffrage expanded
• Economic growth
– Welfare state
– Consumer culture
• New cooperation and institutions
Troubles in Western Europe
• Inflation
• “guest workers” and racism
Eastern Europe
• Development of Communist Bloc
• Secularization, collectivization,
industrialization
• Soviet Union
– Political stability after Stalin
– Moderate and conservative
Troubles in Eastern Europe
• Agricultural production
• People attempt to escape to the West
– Brain drain
• Motivation and discipline
• Foreign policy failures
• Environmental damage
Brief history and characteristics
THE COLD WAR
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Beginnings of the Cold War
• Yalta Conference
Two Rivalries
United States
• Democracy
• Free enterprise system
USSR
• Dictatorship
• Communism
• President Truman:
• Soviets set up puppet/
satellite nations in Eastern
Europe
– Policy of containment
– The Marshall Plan
Characteristics of the Cold War
• North Atlantic Treaty
Organization (NATO) vs. Warsaw
Pact
• Korean War
• Vietnam War
• Berlin and the Berlin War
• Cuban Missile Crisis
• Nuclear weapons and the theory
of deterrence
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SnLYYwlts
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Agenda
• Quiz
• Guidance
• Lecture
Homework
• Outline of China
End of the Cold War
• Collapse of communism in the Soviet Union
and Eastern Europe
– Soviet economic collapse
– Nationalism in Warsaw Pact countries
– Tearing down the Berlin Wall
– Breakup of the Soviet Union
– Expansion of NATO
People of the Cold War
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•
•
•
Indira Gandhi
Margaret Thatcher
Mikhail Gorbachev
Deng Xiaoping
Latin America
Latin America
• Already politically independent
• But economically dependent
– Foreign investment from West
– Relied on exports and world markets
Governments
• Authoritarian response to the Great
Depression
– Leaders still in power in 1945
• Socialism and Marxism are popular after the
war
Pressures for Reforms
•
•
•
•
Powerful elites
Oligarchic economy and politics
Repression of Indians
Poor conditions for agricultural, later
industrial, workers
Solutions in Latin America
• Imposed stability and growth
– Single-party Mexico, military governments
• Marxist revolutions
– Land reform, social changes
• Liberation theology
– Catholicism and social justice
Cold War Context
• US provided export market, development
assistance, foreign investment
– Created Banana Republics
– Intervened often
– Accepted dictators
• USSR supported revolutionaries
Radicals
• Usually supported by USSR
• Succeed in taking power, but struggle in
making true reforms
– Maybe social success, rarely economic progress
• Usually became elite-focused and
authoritarian
Military Coups
• Nationalistic
• Usually supported by US
• Limited freedom in favor of stability and
forced economic development
– Repressive dictatorships
– Not more successful than other options
In Later Times (1980s)
• Military gave power back, more elections
• Still problems
– Debt
– Inflation
– Drug gangs
• Populism and socialism still possible
Social
• Women slowly gain rights, but about equal to
West now
• Population expands rapidly
• Population movement as well:
– Political and economic refugees
– International labor market
– Most urbanized of Third World
Decolonization
DECOLONIZATION OF INDIA
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Setting for Indian Independence
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•
•
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Britain weak after WWI and WWII
Indian National Congress
Leadership of Gandhi
Political division
Gandhi
• Leader of Nationalist group
– Passive resistance, civil disobedience: boycotted British
goods, refused to pay taxes, disregarded British laws
– Used ahimsa (nonviolence) and satyagraha (search for
truth)
DECOLONIZATION OF AFRICA
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sU
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mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&s
afe=active
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b2903pxjY
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1&safe=active
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6HLJ0JDss
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1&safe=active
After WWII
• Resentment in imperial rule and economic
exploitation
• Pride in African culture and heritage
• Right to self-determination
Decolonization
• Mixture of peaceful and violent revolutions
after WWII
• Colonies where lost by Britain, France.
Belgium and Portugal
– Helped by superpower rivalry during the cold war
Examples of Independent movements
• West Africa: Peaceful transition
• Algeria
– War of Independence from France
• Kenya (Britain):
– Violent struggle under leadership of Jomo Kenyatta
• South Africa:
– Black South African struggles against apartheid
– Nelson Mandela: First black president of the republic
of South Africa
South Asia
Challenges
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•
•
•
•
Rivalries and sectarian violence
Population explosion
Parasitic Cities and Endangered Ecosystems
Women’s Rights
Cold War Rivalries and Development
Solutions
• Populism
• One-party rule (or military)
– Nasser in Egypt
• State intervention
– India
• Religious Revivalism
– Iran
Asia
• Japan
• Pacific Rim
– Taiwan
• China
• Vietnam
Will break into the following groups
• Eastern Europe after the fall of the soviet
Union
• India/Pakistan
• Israel/Palestine
• Balkans
• Persian Gulf
• Ethnic conflicts (Rwanda and Sudan)
• Failed states (Somalia, Afghanistan, Sierra
Leone, Liberia)
• Affect / characteristic of Globalization
Directions
• Create the TOP 10 thing you will need to know
about each item.
• Write it down in ONE piece of paper.