Download File - SOCIAL SCIENCE

U. 1
THE UNIVERSE
TEACHERS: Noelia Fernández
y
Sara Pascual
1 AROUND THE SOLAR SYSTEM
- Celestial bodies: the objects we can see in the
sky are called celestial bodies. They are luminous and nonluminous.
- Planetary system: it has at least one star,
different planets and celestial bodies that orbit around it.
STARS
They give off their own light
and heat.
THE SUN
- It’s the centre of the solar
system.
- It give us light and heat, that
are vital on our planet.
LUMINOUS CELESTIAL BODIES
PLANETS
- They are shapped almost
like spheres.
- They orbit around a star.
EARTH
- It orbits around the Sun and
splits around itself.
- Most of its surface is taken
up by water.
NON-LUMINOUS CELESTIAL BODIES
PLANETARY SYSTEMS
3 EARTH
Is called the ‘blue planet’
5 JUPITER
Is the biggest planet
7 URANUS
Is the coldest
planet
1 MERCURY
Is the closest
to the Sun
8 NEPTUNE
Is the
furthest
planet
2 VENUS
Is the hottest
planet
4 MARS
Is called the ‘red planet’
6 SATURN
Has giant rings around it
2 EARTH SPINS
- Eatrh’s rotation
- Day and night
EARTH’S ROTATION
Earth’s axis in
an imaginary
line that runs
from the North
Pole to the
South Pole.
Earth spins on its axis. This movement is called rotation.
DAY and NIGHT
It is DAY
where the
Sun’s rays
reach the
planet.
It is NIGHT
where the Sun’s
rays don’t
reach the
planet.
Earth takes 24 hours to completely spins around its axis.
3 EARTH ORBITS
- Eatrh’s revolution
- The seasons
EARTH’S REVOLUTION
Revolution is Earth’s movement around the Sun. It
takes 365 days to orbit all the way around the Sun. In
other words, one year.
SPRING
It is warmer and the days get
longer.
WINTER
In winter it is
colder and
the days are
cold.
SUMMER
It is very hot
because the
Sun’s rays
reach you
directly.
AUTUMN
The days are shorter and it
starts to get colder.
THE SEASONS
Because of Earth’s titled axis, our inclination towards
the Sun changes as Earth orbits the Sun. This
produces the seasons.
4 THE MOON
- The Moon orbits
- The phases of the Moon
- The Moon and Earth’s tides
THE MOON ORBITS
The moon is Earth’s satellite.
A satellite is a spherical celestial body that orbits
around a planet.
It takes the moon 28 days to orbit around Earth.
THE PHASES OF THE
MOON
Satellites are nonluminuous celestial
bodies. The moon only
looks bright because
the Sun is shining on it.
Depending on the
moon’s position in
relation to Earth and
the Sun, we can see
different parts of it.
They are
called
PHASES OF
THE MOON.
FULL
MOON
WANING
MOON
NEW
MOON
WAXING
MOON
THE MOON AND EARTH’S TIDES
HIGH TIDE
When the moon is right
above you, it attracts
Earth’s water and there
is a high tide.
LOW TIDE
When the moon is not
right above you, there
is a low tide.
5 WE ARE PART OF THE UNIVERSE
- How scientists study the universe
OUR GALAXY:
THE MILKY WAY
A galaxy is a group of
stars and planetary
systems.
Our solar system is
part of a galaxy with
other suns, stars,
planets and satellites.
The universe is made up of all celestial bodies that
exist:
- Planets
- Satellites
- Asteroids
- Stars
- Planetary systems
- Galaxies…
HOW SCIENTISTS
STUDY THE UNIVERSE
SPACE TELESCOPES go
far out into space and
send information and
photographs back to
Earth.
To see celestial bodies in more
detail, astronomers use
telescopes on Earth or on
outer space.
LAND TELESCOPE
QUESTIONS
Answer TRUE or FALSE.
a) The Sun is a planet that gives us
heat and light.
b) The Sun orbits around a star
called Earth.
c) Jupiter is the smallest planet in
the solar system.
d) Mercury is the closest planet in
the solar system.
Answer the questions about the
picture.
a) Which of Earth’s movement is
this?
b) Why is it day in one part of Earth
and night in the other?
a) Earth takes a day to completely spin
around its axis.
b) Earth’s axis is not inclined.
c) Earth’s axis runs from the North Pole
to the South Pole.
Find out the wrong fact if exists.
Match the words above with the definitions below.
SOLAR
SYSTEM
The star of the
solar system.
THE SUN
The third planet
in the solar
system.
SOLAR
SYSTEM
The galaxy we
are in.
EARTH
A planetary
system where
Earth is.
Match the seasons with their definitions.
SPRING
The days are short and it is colder.
SUMMER
The days get longer and it is warmer.
AUTUMN
The days are shorter and it starts to
get colder.
WINTER
The days are long and it is very hot.
Read the questions and answer.
a) In which Moon phase does the Moon get none of the
Sun’s rays?
b) In which Moon phase does the Moon get all of the Sun’s
rays?
c) In which phase does the Moon look like it is getting
bigger?
d) In which phase does the Moon look like it is getting
smaller?
solar
Sun
planet
galaxy
system
a) Earth is our ………………… and it orbits around
the ………………
Earth is in the solar ……………………
a) The ………………….. system is in a …………………….
called the Milky Way.
Use the words given to complete the
sentences.
Say TRUE or FALSE.
a) Telescopes let scientists see things that are too
small to see.
b) The scientists that use telescopes are called
astronauts.
c) Telescopes can be on land or in space.
END