Download Ch. 15 Exam Review

Ch. 15 Exam
Review
What are the key
words?
____ 1. Earth’s age is estimated to
be more than 4 billion years.
____ 2. The term half-life is used
to indicate when an organism’s life
span is half over.
____ 3. Mass extinctions are long
periods during which few species
disappeared.
____ 4. The theory of evolution
states that species change over
time.
____ 5. Evidence for evolution
occurs only in the fossil record.
Ch. 15 Exam
Review
What are the key
words?
__T_ 1. Earth’s age is estimated to
be more than 4 billion years.
__F_ 2. The term half-life is used
to indicate when an organism’s life
span is half over.
__F_ 3. Mass extinctions are long
periods during which few species
disappeared.
__T_ 4. The theory of evolution
states that species change over
time.
__F_ 5. Evidence for evolution
occurs only in the fossil record.
Ch. 15 Exam
Review
How many half-lifes
have passed?
Work the problem
with some easy
numbers.
____ 6. If the half-life of a
radioactive isotope is 5,000
years, how much of the
radioactive isotope in a
specimen will be left after
10,000 years?
a. all of it
b. one-half of the original
amount
c. one-quarter of the original
amount
d. none of it
Ch. 15 Exam
Review
How many half-lifes
have passed? 2
Work the problem
with some easy
numbers.
Start: 100
1st half-life: 50
2nd half-life: 25
_C__ 6. If the half-life of a
radioactive isotope is 5,000
years, how much of the
radioactive isotope in a
specimen will be left after
10,000 years?
a. all of it
b. one-half of the original
amount
c. one-quarter of the original
amount
d. none of it
Ch. 15 Exam
Review
____ 7. Refer to the illustration above.
Miller and Urey’s apparatus was designed
to demonstrate that life on Earth might
have originated from
a. radioactive decay.
b. simple organic molecules.
c. extraterrestrial life.
d. None of the above
____ 8. Animal fossils may form when
a. an animal is buried by sediment.
b.
burial takes place on the ocean floor,
in swamps, in mud, or in tar pits.
c. the tissue is replaced by harder minerals.
d. All of the above
Ch. 15 Exam
Review
__B_ 7. Refer to the illustration above.
Miller and Urey’s apparatus was designed
to demonstrate that life on Earth might
have originated from
a. radioactive decay.
b. simple organic molecules.
c. extraterrestrial life.
d. None of the above
__D_ 8. Animal fossils may form when
a. an animal is buried by sediment.
b.
burial takes place on the ocean floor,
in swamps, in mud, or in tar pits.
c. the tissue is replaced by harder minerals.
d. All of the above
Ch. 15 Exam
Review
Where?
What?
____ 9. Darwin conducted much of
his research on
a. the Samoan Islands.
b. Manhattan Island.
c. the Hawaiian Islands.
d. the Galapagos Islands.
____ 10. The finches that Darwin
studied differed in the shape of their
beaks. According to Darwin, the
finches probably
a. all had a common ancestor.
b. had been created by design that
way.
c. were descended from similar birds
in Africa.
d. ate the same diet.
Ch. 15 Exam
Review
Where?
What?
__D_ 9. Darwin conducted much of
his research on
a. the Samoan Islands.
b. Manhattan Island.
c. the Hawaiian Islands.
d. the Galapagos Islands.
__A_ 10. The finches that Darwin
studied differed in the shape of their
beaks. According to Darwin, the
finches probably
a. all had a common ancestor.
b. had been created by design that
way.
c. were descended from similar birds
in Africa.
d. ate the same diet.
Ch. 15 Exam
Review
Key words:
____ 11. In order to fit into their habitat, the
Galapagos finches had
a.
not changed.
b. been created as superior birds.
c. evolved.
d. All of the above
____ 12. According to Darwin, evolution occurs
a. by chance.
b. during half-life periods of 5,715 years.
c. because of natural selection.
d. rapidly.
____ 13. Organisms well suited to their
environment
a. reproduce more successfully than those less
suited to the same environment.
b. are always larger than organisms less suited to
that environment.
c. always live longer than organisms less suited to
that environment.
d. need less food than organisms less suited to that
environment.
Ch. 15 Exam
Review
fit to their habitat
evolution
well suited to
environment
_C__ 11. In order to fit into their habitat, the
Galapagos finches had
a.
not changed.
b. been created as superior birds.
c. evolved.
d. All of the above
_C__ 12. According to Darwin, evolution occurs
a. by chance.
b. during half-life periods of 5,715 years.
c. because of natural selection.
d. rapidly.
_A__ 13. Organisms well suited to their
environment
a. reproduce more successfully than those less
suited to the same environment.
b. are always larger than organisms less suited to
that environment.
c. always live longer than organisms less suited to
that environment.
d. need less food than organisms less suited to that
environment.
Ch. 15 Exam
Review
What would be the
same?
What is similar about
A?
____ 14. Refer to the illustration
above. An analysis of DNA from these
organisms would indicate that
a. they have identical DNA.
b. they all have gill pouches.
c. their nucleotide sequences show
many similarities.
d. they all have the same number of
chromosomes.
____ 15. Refer to the illustration
above. The bones labeled “A” are
known as
a. vestigial structures.
b. sequential structures.
c. homologous structures.
d. fossil structures.
Ch. 15 Exam
Review
What would be the
same?
What is similar about
A?
__C_ 14. Refer to the illustration
above. An analysis of DNA from these
organisms would indicate that
a. they have identical DNA.
b. they all have gill pouches.
c. their nucleotide sequences show
many similarities.
d. they all have the same number of
chromosomes.
__C_ 15. Refer to the illustration
above. The bones labeled “A” are
known as
a. vestigial structures.
b. sequential structures.
c. homologous structures.
d. fossil structures.
Ch. 15 Exam
Review
Key words:
____ 16.
Homologous structures
in organisms suggest that the
organisms
a. share a common ancestor.
b. must have lived at different
times.
c. have a skeletal structure.
d. are now extinct.
____ 17.
The beak of a bird and
the beak of a giant squid evolved
independently and serve the same
function. The beaks are
a. convergent structures.
b. homologous structures.
c. analogous structures.
d. hybrid structures.
Ch. 15 Exam
Review
Key words:
Homologous structure
Evolved
independently, same
function (job)
__A_ 16.
Homologous structures
in organisms suggest that the
organisms
a. share a common ancestor.
b. must have lived at different
times.
c. have a skeletal structure.
d. are now extinct.
__C_ 17.
The beak of a bird and
the beak of a giant squid evolved
independently and serve the same
function. The beaks are
a. convergent structures.
b. homologous structures.
c. analogous structures.
d. hybrid structures.
Ch. 15 Exam
Review
Key words:
____ 18. The accumulation of
differences between species or
populations is called
a. gradualism.
b. adaptation.
c. divergent evolution.
d. cumulative differentiation.
____ 19. The process by which
two or more species change in
response to each other is called
a. compromise.
b. parasitism.
c. coevolution.
d. ecology.
Ch. 15 Exam
Review
Key words:
Differences…
…each other…
__C_ 18. The accumulation of
differences between species or
populations is called
a. gradualism.
b. adaptation.
c. divergent evolution.
d. cumulative differentiation.
__C_ 19. The process by which
two or more species change in
response to each other is called
a. compromise.
b. parasitism.
c. coevolution.
d. ecology.
Ch. 15 Exam
Review
…similar, evolved
independently…
___ 20. Refer to the
illustration above. While the
shark and dolphin are similar
in appearance, they evolved
independently. This is an
example of
a. cladistics.
b. phenetics.
c. convergent evolution.
d. divergent evolution.
Ch. 15 Exam
Review
…similar, evolved
independently…
__C_ 20. Refer to the
illustration above. While the
shark and dolphin are similar
in appearance, they evolved
independently. This is an
example of
a. cladistics.
b. phenetics.
c. convergent evolution.
d. divergent evolution.
Ch. 15 Exam
Review
FOSSILIZED
NON-LIVING THINGS
POPULATION
EXTINCT
21. The concept of spontaneous
generation states that living
things could arise from
____________________.
22. When an organism becomes
____________________, the
tissues are replaced by harder
minerals.
23. A species that has
disappeared permanently is said to
be ____________________.
24. A(n)____________________
consists of all the individuals of a
particular species in a particular
place.
Ch. 15 Exam
Review
21. The concept of spontaneous
generation states that living
things could arise from
_nonliving things______.
FOSSILIZED
NON-LIVING THINGS
22. When an organism becomes
___fossilized____, the tissues are
replaced by harder minerals.
POPULATION
EXTINCT
23. A species that has
disappeared permanently is said to
be ___extinct___.
24. A(n)__population_ consists
of all the individuals of a particular
species in a particular place.
Ch. 15 Exam
Review
How long until half
has decayed away?
25. The diagram above
illustrates the radioactive
decay of potassium-40. The
half-life of potassium-40 is
about ______ billion years.
Ch. 15 Exam
Review
How long until half
has decayed away?
25. The diagram above
illustrates the radioactive
decay of potassium-40. The
half-life of potassium-40 is
about ___1.3__ billion years.
A: homologous structure B: analogous structure
Unique to A
Common to both
Unique to B
A: population
Unique to A
B: individual
Common to both
Unique to B