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Ch. 15 Exam Review What are the key words? ____ 1. Earth’s age is estimated to be more than 4 billion years. ____ 2. The term half-life is used to indicate when an organism’s life span is half over. ____ 3. Mass extinctions are long periods during which few species disappeared. ____ 4. The theory of evolution states that species change over time. ____ 5. Evidence for evolution occurs only in the fossil record. Ch. 15 Exam Review What are the key words? __T_ 1. Earth’s age is estimated to be more than 4 billion years. __F_ 2. The term half-life is used to indicate when an organism’s life span is half over. __F_ 3. Mass extinctions are long periods during which few species disappeared. __T_ 4. The theory of evolution states that species change over time. __F_ 5. Evidence for evolution occurs only in the fossil record. Ch. 15 Exam Review How many half-lifes have passed? Work the problem with some easy numbers. ____ 6. If the half-life of a radioactive isotope is 5,000 years, how much of the radioactive isotope in a specimen will be left after 10,000 years? a. all of it b. one-half of the original amount c. one-quarter of the original amount d. none of it Ch. 15 Exam Review How many half-lifes have passed? 2 Work the problem with some easy numbers. Start: 100 1st half-life: 50 2nd half-life: 25 _C__ 6. If the half-life of a radioactive isotope is 5,000 years, how much of the radioactive isotope in a specimen will be left after 10,000 years? a. all of it b. one-half of the original amount c. one-quarter of the original amount d. none of it Ch. 15 Exam Review ____ 7. Refer to the illustration above. Miller and Urey’s apparatus was designed to demonstrate that life on Earth might have originated from a. radioactive decay. b. simple organic molecules. c. extraterrestrial life. d. None of the above ____ 8. Animal fossils may form when a. an animal is buried by sediment. b. burial takes place on the ocean floor, in swamps, in mud, or in tar pits. c. the tissue is replaced by harder minerals. d. All of the above Ch. 15 Exam Review __B_ 7. Refer to the illustration above. Miller and Urey’s apparatus was designed to demonstrate that life on Earth might have originated from a. radioactive decay. b. simple organic molecules. c. extraterrestrial life. d. None of the above __D_ 8. Animal fossils may form when a. an animal is buried by sediment. b. burial takes place on the ocean floor, in swamps, in mud, or in tar pits. c. the tissue is replaced by harder minerals. d. All of the above Ch. 15 Exam Review Where? What? ____ 9. Darwin conducted much of his research on a. the Samoan Islands. b. Manhattan Island. c. the Hawaiian Islands. d. the Galapagos Islands. ____ 10. The finches that Darwin studied differed in the shape of their beaks. According to Darwin, the finches probably a. all had a common ancestor. b. had been created by design that way. c. were descended from similar birds in Africa. d. ate the same diet. Ch. 15 Exam Review Where? What? __D_ 9. Darwin conducted much of his research on a. the Samoan Islands. b. Manhattan Island. c. the Hawaiian Islands. d. the Galapagos Islands. __A_ 10. The finches that Darwin studied differed in the shape of their beaks. According to Darwin, the finches probably a. all had a common ancestor. b. had been created by design that way. c. were descended from similar birds in Africa. d. ate the same diet. Ch. 15 Exam Review Key words: ____ 11. In order to fit into their habitat, the Galapagos finches had a. not changed. b. been created as superior birds. c. evolved. d. All of the above ____ 12. According to Darwin, evolution occurs a. by chance. b. during half-life periods of 5,715 years. c. because of natural selection. d. rapidly. ____ 13. Organisms well suited to their environment a. reproduce more successfully than those less suited to the same environment. b. are always larger than organisms less suited to that environment. c. always live longer than organisms less suited to that environment. d. need less food than organisms less suited to that environment. Ch. 15 Exam Review fit to their habitat evolution well suited to environment _C__ 11. In order to fit into their habitat, the Galapagos finches had a. not changed. b. been created as superior birds. c. evolved. d. All of the above _C__ 12. According to Darwin, evolution occurs a. by chance. b. during half-life periods of 5,715 years. c. because of natural selection. d. rapidly. _A__ 13. Organisms well suited to their environment a. reproduce more successfully than those less suited to the same environment. b. are always larger than organisms less suited to that environment. c. always live longer than organisms less suited to that environment. d. need less food than organisms less suited to that environment. Ch. 15 Exam Review What would be the same? What is similar about A? ____ 14. Refer to the illustration above. An analysis of DNA from these organisms would indicate that a. they have identical DNA. b. they all have gill pouches. c. their nucleotide sequences show many similarities. d. they all have the same number of chromosomes. ____ 15. Refer to the illustration above. The bones labeled “A” are known as a. vestigial structures. b. sequential structures. c. homologous structures. d. fossil structures. Ch. 15 Exam Review What would be the same? What is similar about A? __C_ 14. Refer to the illustration above. An analysis of DNA from these organisms would indicate that a. they have identical DNA. b. they all have gill pouches. c. their nucleotide sequences show many similarities. d. they all have the same number of chromosomes. __C_ 15. Refer to the illustration above. The bones labeled “A” are known as a. vestigial structures. b. sequential structures. c. homologous structures. d. fossil structures. Ch. 15 Exam Review Key words: ____ 16. Homologous structures in organisms suggest that the organisms a. share a common ancestor. b. must have lived at different times. c. have a skeletal structure. d. are now extinct. ____ 17. The beak of a bird and the beak of a giant squid evolved independently and serve the same function. The beaks are a. convergent structures. b. homologous structures. c. analogous structures. d. hybrid structures. Ch. 15 Exam Review Key words: Homologous structure Evolved independently, same function (job) __A_ 16. Homologous structures in organisms suggest that the organisms a. share a common ancestor. b. must have lived at different times. c. have a skeletal structure. d. are now extinct. __C_ 17. The beak of a bird and the beak of a giant squid evolved independently and serve the same function. The beaks are a. convergent structures. b. homologous structures. c. analogous structures. d. hybrid structures. Ch. 15 Exam Review Key words: ____ 18. The accumulation of differences between species or populations is called a. gradualism. b. adaptation. c. divergent evolution. d. cumulative differentiation. ____ 19. The process by which two or more species change in response to each other is called a. compromise. b. parasitism. c. coevolution. d. ecology. Ch. 15 Exam Review Key words: Differences… …each other… __C_ 18. The accumulation of differences between species or populations is called a. gradualism. b. adaptation. c. divergent evolution. d. cumulative differentiation. __C_ 19. The process by which two or more species change in response to each other is called a. compromise. b. parasitism. c. coevolution. d. ecology. Ch. 15 Exam Review …similar, evolved independently… ___ 20. Refer to the illustration above. While the shark and dolphin are similar in appearance, they evolved independently. This is an example of a. cladistics. b. phenetics. c. convergent evolution. d. divergent evolution. Ch. 15 Exam Review …similar, evolved independently… __C_ 20. Refer to the illustration above. While the shark and dolphin are similar in appearance, they evolved independently. This is an example of a. cladistics. b. phenetics. c. convergent evolution. d. divergent evolution. Ch. 15 Exam Review FOSSILIZED NON-LIVING THINGS POPULATION EXTINCT 21. The concept of spontaneous generation states that living things could arise from ____________________. 22. When an organism becomes ____________________, the tissues are replaced by harder minerals. 23. A species that has disappeared permanently is said to be ____________________. 24. A(n)____________________ consists of all the individuals of a particular species in a particular place. Ch. 15 Exam Review 21. The concept of spontaneous generation states that living things could arise from _nonliving things______. FOSSILIZED NON-LIVING THINGS 22. When an organism becomes ___fossilized____, the tissues are replaced by harder minerals. POPULATION EXTINCT 23. A species that has disappeared permanently is said to be ___extinct___. 24. A(n)__population_ consists of all the individuals of a particular species in a particular place. Ch. 15 Exam Review How long until half has decayed away? 25. The diagram above illustrates the radioactive decay of potassium-40. The half-life of potassium-40 is about ______ billion years. Ch. 15 Exam Review How long until half has decayed away? 25. The diagram above illustrates the radioactive decay of potassium-40. The half-life of potassium-40 is about ___1.3__ billion years. A: homologous structure B: analogous structure Unique to A Common to both Unique to B A: population Unique to A B: individual Common to both Unique to B