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Chapter 10
Gender and Sexuality
George Ritzer
Presented By Rolande D. Dathis
Sex and Gender
Sex is predominantly a biological identity of
being male or female on the basis of their
reproductive functions and organs.
Gender refers to the physical, behavioral, and
personality traits that a culture describes as
masculine or feminine.
Sex and Sexuality
Sex
Gender
Intersexed
Transsexual
Sex and Sexuality
Man= male sex
Woman = female sex
Intersexed refers to individuals who are born with
both males and females genitals.
Transsexual describes “individual whose genitalia
are of the sex opposite the one with which he or
she identifies and who may undergo treatment or
surgery to acquire the physical characteristics of
the identified sex” (Ritzer 2015p329).
Sexual Selves
Sexual deviance
Sexual identities
and orientations
Gendered sexual
scripts
Heterosexuality
Social constraints
on sexuality
bisexuality
Culture and
consent
Rape
Homosexuality
asexuality
Sexual
orientation
Sex and
consumption
Consensual
sex
Sexual
assaults
Sexual harrasement
Sexual Selves
“Individual sexuality” refers to a person’s
biologically female who thinks she should be
in a female body.
Sexuality describes the variety of ways people
think about, and act toward, themselves and
others as sexual beings.
Sexual identities and Orientations
One component of Sexual identity is sexual
orientation, which is whom one desires
sexually and romantically attracted.
Sexual orientation is divided into four groups.
• Heterosexuality is the sexual attraction to
someone of the opposite sex.
• Homosexuality is the sexual attraction to
someone of the same sex.
Sexual identities and Orientations
cont’d
• Bisexuality is the sexual attraction to both the
opposite sex and the same sex.
• Asexuality refers to a person who does not
have sexual desire.
Gender
Gender health and
mortality
Femininity and
masculinity
Gender in sports
Gender, work, and
family
Emphasized
femininity
Gender and
education
Gender and
consumer culture
Gender crime and
deviance
(Hidden
curriculum)
Hegemonic
masculinity
Transgender
Sex, gender, and globalization
Social change and the
globalization of sexuality
Global flows related
to sex and sexuality
Sexual minorities
in a global context
Global sex
industry
Global migration
and gender
Global women’s
movement
Feminization of
the label
Feminization of
Women and informal poverty and female
proletarianization
employment
Gender, war,
and violence
Raewynn (Robert William) Connell(
Australian, born 1944)
“To recognize diversity in masculinities is not enough. We must also recognize the relations between the different kinds of
masculinity: relations of alliance, dominance and subordination. These relationships are constructed through practices that
exclude and include, that intimidate, exploit, and so on. There is a gender politics within masculinity. School studies show
patterns of hegemony vividly” (Connell 37). Retrieved on 4/16/2016 at http://criticalquotes.blogspot.com/2008/04/connellr.html
Gender / key terms
Hegemonic masculinity refers to the social
construction of proposed ideas about
masculinity, symbolized patriarchal power,
that promote the interests and desires of
men.
Emphasized feminity refers to the social
construction of ideas that conforms to the
interests of men and to patriarchy and
engages the approbation of women.
Gender / key terms
Separate spheres is an ideology that defines
men as the breadwinners in the public world
of work while women are consigned to a
submissive place in the private sphere of the
family life and the home.
The second shift refers to the household and
family care responsibilities of a woman in
addition to the pay work performed outside
the home.
Gender / key terms
The hidden curriculum refers to a “school’s
unofficial norms, routines, and structures,
often a cause of informal educational
problems”(Ritzer 2015p 351).
Effects of globalization
Sexuality “ is a growing presence in the global
media, including through the influence of
“sexperts” and social movement such as
women’s and gay movements” (Ritzer 2015p
359).
Sexual minorities Facilitated by ease of travel
and the internet, minorities are finding both
greater reception and the increase of
homophobia.
Effects of globalization cont’d
Sex industry refers to the ideas that millions of
adults and children are to be expected in force
labor and prostitution all over the world.
Feminization of migration refer to the ideas that
globalization encourages the movement of
women from the South to the North in search
of work.
Effects of globalization cont’d
Feminization of labor refers to the growing
numbers of women workforce participation
around the world.
Feminization of poverty refers to the growing
numbers of women that are channeled to lowstatus, inadequately paid manual work.
War and violence "Women are bearing the
brunt of war worldwide, including the effects
of rape as a tool of war” (Ritzer 2015p 359).