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Rhetoric What is rhetoric? • Rhetoric is the art of persuasion. • Greek philosopher, Aristotle defined the term. Appeal to an Audience • With a partner, describe ways that you can appeal to an audience. • Be ready to share with the class. Benefits of Appealing to an Audience • Resolve conflict without confrontation • Persuade readers or listeners to support their position, or to move others to take action. Where can you find rhetoric? AKA- the ability to persuade All designed to convince you of something! •Speeches •Essays •Political Cartoons •Photographs •Advertisements Examples of Text • Speeches •They are all cultural • Essays products that can be “read” and investigated. • Political Cartoons • Photographs • Advertisements Why is rhetoric important? • It is part of our job as informed citizens and consumers to understand how rhetoric works so that we can be wary of manipulation or deceit, while appreciating effective and civil communication. • We must communicate effectively! Rhetoric Must Have • Occasion- The time and place the text was written or spoken • Context- the circumstances, atmosphere, attitudes, and events surrounding the text • Purpose- the goal the speaker wants to achieve Rhetorical Triangle or Aristotelian Triangle Speaker Text Audience Subject Rhetorical Triangle • Speaker- Person or group who creates a text • Examples: Politician, commentator, artist, company Rhetorical Triangle • Audience- Is the listener, viewer, or reader of a text or performance, but it is important to note that there may be multiple audiences. Rhetorical Triangle • Subject- is the topic • Not to be confused with the purpose, which is the goal the speaker wants to achieve. SOAPSTONE SPEAKER OCCASION AUDIENCE PURPOSE SUBJECT TONE SPEAKER SENDER THE PERSON OR GROUP WHO CREATES TEXT OCCASION THE TIME AND PLACE AUDIENCE THE LISTENER THE RECEIVER PURPOSE THE GOAL THE SPEAKER WANTS TO ACHIEVE SUBJECT IS THE TOPIC TONE THE AUTHOR’S ATTITUDE TOWARDS THE TOPIC Rhetorical Appeals Attempts by a speaker to persuade an audience -- or to put it another way, attempts to say things that an audience would find appealing. Trust* Reason* Emotion* Rhetorical Appeal Ethos- to demonstrate that they are credible and trustworthy Greek Meaning-Character Qualifications, Authority, credibility Rhetorical Appeal Logos-clear rational ideas (logic) Greek- Embodied Thought Thinking logically, clear main idea, specific details, examples, facts, statistics, expert testimony Rhetorical Appeal Pathos-appeal to emotions, values, desires, hopes Also- prejudices, fears Personal anecdotes, vivid images, figurative language 3 Rhetorical Appeals •Ethos-appeal to credibility •Logos-appeal to logic •Pathos-appeal to emotion