Download Unit 4 Mediterranean Empires

Unit 4 Mediterranean Empires
Chapter 9 Ancient Greece
Lesson 2 The Greek City-States (pages 252 – 256)
Main Idea: Two very different cultures grew in the city-states of Athens and Sparta.
a. The Power of Greek Myths and Legends (page 253)
Main Idea: The Trojan War is the subject of much of Greek literature, including the
legend about Hector and Achilles and the poems the Iliad and the Odyssey.
1. What is Trojan War?
2. In ancient Greece, what did daily life often focus on?
3. Define Troy.
4. What are legends?
5. Define myth.
6. What started the Trojan War.
7. What was Athens named for?
8. What ended the Trojan War?
9. Define Homer
10. What does the Iliad tell about?
11. Who is Odysseus?
12. What story does the Odyssey tell?
13. Define oral tradition.
b. The Gods of Mount Olympus (page 254)
Main Idea: Greeks worshipped many gods and goddesses. The Olympics were held in the
city of Olympia to honor Zeus.
14. (√) Why might both the Egyptians and Greeks have developed myths?
15. Define Mount Olympus.
16. Define immortal.
17. What did the Greeks do every four years to honor Zeus?
18. Where were the Olympic games held?
19. Define Olympic Games.
20. Name the god or goddess for the following:
a. king of the gods and ruler of Mount Olympus
b. wife of Zeus, protector of families, children, and the home
c. god of war
d. goddess of wisdom
e. god of truth, intelligence, music, and poetry
f. god of the sea
g. goddess of love and beauty
h. god of good luck and wealth
c. Democracy Begins in Greece (page 255)
Main Idea: A democratic government began in Greece around 500 B.C. the power was
given to the people rather than to a king or to the wealthy.
21. Name 3 different forms of government in the city-states of Greece.
22. Define aristocracy.
23. Define democracy.
24. Define Athens.
25. Define Assembly.
26. (√) What details show that Athens developed a system of democracy?
27. Why did some people of Athens not have the right to vote?
d. Rivals: Athens and Sparta (page 255)
Main Idea: Athens was a city-state ruled by the people. Its rival, Sparta, was ruled
by the military.
28. Name three responsibilities expected of the citizens of Athens?
29. Define Pericles.
30. Define Sparta.
31. (√) What details show that Sparta was governed differently than Athens?
32. Define helot.
33. At what age were Spartan boys sent to military camps to begin training for the army
e. Women in Sparta (page 256)
Main Idea: Spartan women had more rights and responsibilities than women in other
Greek city-states.
34. How did the state view women?
35. (√) Why did the state expect Spartan women to train hard and play active sports?
f. Summarize the Lesson (page 256)
36. In 1250 B.C., Troy fought a long war with whom?
37. When did Sparta begin conquering its neighbors?
38. In 500 B.C. democracy began developing in some ___ city-states.
g. Lesson 2 Review – Page 256
Write the answers to questions 1-5.
Unit 4 Mediterranean Empires
Chapter 9 Ancient Greece
Lesson 2 The Greek City-States (pages 252 – 256)
Main Idea: Two very different cultures grew in the city-states of Athens and Sparta.
a. The Power of Greek Myths and Legends (page 253)
Main Idea: The Trojan War is the subject of much of Greek literature, including the
legend about Hector and Achilles and the poems the Iliad and the Odyssey.
1. Trojan War. – war fought between the Greeks, people of Troy, gods, and
goddesses
2. keeping the gods and goddesses happy
3. Troy. – a city on the western coast of Asia Minor; site of the legendary Trojan War
4. What are legends? stories about heroes and their great deeds
5. myth – a traditional story that may include gods and goddesses and often tries to explain
events in nature
6. Sparta was the home of Helen, who was carried off to Troy
7. Athena, who helped the Greeks during the war
8. The Greeks built a giant, wooden horse. The Trojans thought it was a gift that showed
that the Greeks had surrendered. They pulled the horse into the city. At night, Greek
soldiers crept out of the horse and opened the city gates to the Greek army
9. Homer. – Ancient Greek poet who composed two poems, the Iliad and the Odyssey, about
the Trojan War
10. The Trojan War
11. a hero of the Trojan War
12. it tells of Odysseus, whose ship, while sailing home, was blown off course by gods he had
angered
13. oral tradition. – the passing down of stories from person to person orally
b. The Gods of Mount Olympus (page 254)
Main Idea: Greeks worshipped many gods and goddesses. The Olympics were held in the
city of Olympia to honor Zeus.
14. (√) to understand the mysteries of nature and life
15. Mount Olympus. – a mountain in northern Greece thought by the ancient Greeks to be
the home of their gods
16. immortal. – to live forever
17. held athletic contests
18. In the city of Olympia
19. Olympic Games. – athletic contests held by the ancient Greeks about 3,500 years ago
and revived in modern times
20. Name the god or goddess for the following:
a. Zeus
b. Hera
c. Ares
d. Athena
e. Apollo
f. Poseidon
g. Aphrodite
h. Hermes
c. Democracy Begins in Greece (page 255)
Main Idea: A democratic government began in Greece around 500 B.C. the power was
given to the people rather than to a king or to the wealthy.
21. a. king
b. aristocracy – governed by members of wealthy, privileged families
c. democracy – government by the people
22. aristocracy. – a government controlled by a few wealthy people
23. democracy. – a government by the people
24. Athens. – a city-state that was the best example of ancient Greek democracy; the
capital of modern Greece
25. Assembly. – in ancient Greece, an Athenian governing body of all citizens older than
eighteen
26. (√) When the Assembly became too large, 500 citizens were selected to serve, and their
actions had to be approved by the Assembly of all citizens
27. they were not citizens (slaves, women and workers born outside the city were not
citizens)
d. Rivals: Athens and Sparta (page 255)
Main Idea: Athens was a city-state ruled by the people. Its rival, Sparta, was ruled
by the military.
28. a. to defend the city in times of conflict
b. take part in the government by serving on juries
c. participating in political debates on important issues
29. Pericles. – Ancient Athenian leader who strove to make Athens the center of art and
literature and who was responsible for building the Parthenon
30. Sparta. – an ancient Greek city-state that was under strict military rule
31. (√) Sparta was a strictly ruled military state. Life centered on the army
32. helot – a slave
33. 7 years
e. Women in Sparta (page 256)
Main Idea: Spartan women had more rights and responsibilities than women in other
Greek city-states.
34. they were to be strong and responsible
35. (√) Probably so they could take care of all the responsibilities they had while their
husbands and sons were away
36. Greece
37. about 900 B.C
38. Greek
f. Summarize the Lesson (page 256)
g. Lesson 2 Review – Page 256
1. Athens: a democracy women could not own property
Athens and Sparta: owned slaves
Sparta: strict military state women could own property
2. The Greeks believed most gods lived on Mount Olympus.
3. An aristocracy is a government controlled by a few wealthy people.
4. The legend shows how much the Greeks valued honor and courage, and that they believed
the gods and goddesses would help people who showed these qualities.
5. Athens because the people had more say in the government.
OR Sparta because women had more rights