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Communication Technology MTEL Technology/Engineering Subarea V Careers to condisder • Software Developer – translates software program intent into working code. Designs and tests the program often in several different programming languages. • Database Programmer – Responsible for designing a database to store, sort and quantify relevant data for a company. • Information Systems Analyst – Determines how to best service a company's computing needs in the most efficient means possible. • Computer Engineer – Design, install and preform maintenance on computers and there related equipment. Telecommunications • The act of communication over long distances, using technology – – – – Radio Television Email, and the internet Telephone • Telecommunications all have three things in common 1. A transmitter which converts the information 2. Transmission medium through which information flows 3. Receiver which converts the information back to a form usable by the operator Networks • Node – Any computer hooked to the network • Repeater – Enable signals to travel further without deterioration or loss of signal • Bridges – Read the destination of the message and determine if the message should be sent across the network • Switch – Much like a bridge, a switch reads the destination and forwards it down the correct path. May be linked to numerous networks enabling more pathways then a bridge Network Terminology • Sever – A computer or computer program which serves the needs of another program. File servers enable other programs to locate and extract files from databases • Port – A physical or virtual interface or connection between two pieces of hardware. USB is one of the most recognizable port protocols • RAM – Random Access Memory is a part of computer memory which can both read and write. The random part comes from the computers ability to access data in any order unlike optical or magnetic hard drives • ROM – Read only Memory refers to the data stored on the computers motherboard that cannot be over written (like the bios setup). These functions must be in place to enable the different pieces of connected hardware talk to one another. Routing Information on a Network • Router – Allow multiple networks to be linked across an internet (defined as a network of networks). • Different configuration of nodes in a network – Bus Network links each node sequentially using a single cable. Every computer must share the load of sending and receiving data from one end to the other – Star Network is a centralized computer acting as a switch to connect to all of the nodes. All information must be filtered through the central computer – Ring Network is a decentralized parallel network in which each node is connected to the node on either side of it. A failure in one node will be dealt with by re-routing information elsewhere around the ring. Network Identification • LAN – Local area Network covers the area inside a home or small business • MAN – Metropolitan area Network connects multiple LANs together • WAN – Wide area Network covers wide outdoor areas usually to provide public internet access across multiple buildings • PAN – Personal area Networks are usually computers hooked to a single fixed wireless data network. Central Processing Unit • A CPU (central processing unit) inside of every computer manipulates data in three main parts 1. Arithmetic/Logic unit which carries out operations (addition, multiplication etc.) 2. Control unit, which manages the machines activities 3. Register unit which stores temporary information within the CPU while it carries out an opperation System Storage • Once the CPU is carrying out operations it sort out those computations by where it should be stored – CPU Cache is a small set of high speed read/write memory that the CPU uses to speed up operations – Main memory is where the RAM and ROM enable BIOS operation – 2ndary Storage such as a hard drives and flash drives where programs and program data is stored • On-line – the storage device operates without human intervention and is attached to the machine • Off-line – storage devices that must be addressed using some sort of human intervention Peripheral Devices • Any electronic device which is intended to interface with the computer. They do not help the computer run, merely acting as input and output functions from human interactions giving instructions to the computer – Keyboards – Mice – Monitors – Microphones Analog vs. Digital Signal • We live in an analog world. There are an infinite amount of colors to paint an object (even if the difference is indiscernible to our eye), there are an infinite number of tones we can hear, and there are an infinite number of smells we can smell. The common theme among all of these analog signals is their infinite possibilities. • Digital signals and objects deal in the realm of the discrete or finite, meaning there is a limited set of values they can be. That could mean just two total possible values, 255, 4,294,967,296, or anything as long as it’s not ∞ (infinity). Waves • An excellent tutorial on all types of waves – The test objectives focus on sound waves for this section – Lessons 2 and 3 are the most applicable • http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/wave s Light as a wave • Again the physics classroom is great for its tutorials and interactives • http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/light/ Lesson-1/Wavelike-Behaviors-of-Light Electromagnetic Spectrum • The electromagnetic spectrum is the range of all possible frequencies of electromagnetic radiation. The "electromagnetic spectrum" of an object has a different meaning, and is instead the characteristic distribution of electromagnetic radiation emitted or absorbed by that particular object. • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v =cfXzwh3KadE Fiber-optic Technology • Fiber-optic cables carry information between two places using entirely optical (light-based) technology • http://www.explainthatstuff.com/fiberoptics.h tml A good introduction video https://www.youtube.com/w atch?v=9VmA2S2XiCo