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The War
of 1812
Economic
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Interruption of trade, British blockade
Overproduction and falling prices
Desire to force open markets
British control of our commerce
Land hunger for Canada
Impressment = loss of cheap labor
Hurt by our own economic sanctions
Social
 Nationalism, pride, honor [Second
War for Independence]
 Legacy of hatred for British from
Revolution
 Frustration of failure of economic
sanctions [at least they tried!]
Political
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Violation of neutral trading rights
Freedom of the seas
Poor communication
Napoleon’s trick
Failed Economic sanctions, conversion to militancy
Non-Importation 1806
Embargo 1807
Non-Intercourse 1809 (duplicity of Erskine
agreement 1809)
Macon’s Bill #2 1810
Political continued
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Propaganda
Fear of Indian conspiracy
President Madison’s role
Our national interest
Role of the War Hawks (i.e. v Doves)
Vigorous defense of our rights
Overview of the Causes
The Results…
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Growth of American Nationalism. [Star-Spangled Banner. Often
referred to as the Second War for American Independence.]
Strengthening of isolationism.
Increase in westward migration.
Encouragement of American Industry.
Disappearance of the Federalist Party. America’s ability to hold off
British convinced European powers that the United States and its
republican form of government were there to stay
The war cost United States relatively few casualties and little
economic loss
As Europe settled down to what would be a century of relative
peace, major foreign threats to United States ended, and commerce
revived and European immigration to America resumed
Which Result mattered
most?
Which title is more
appropriate?
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“The War of 1812”
“The Second War for Independence”