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Photosynthesis CLICK HERE to and scroll to watch Photosynthesis Video Photosynthesis The process where light energy is converted into chemical energy Photosynthesis • Autotrophs change light energy into chemical energy in the process of photosynthesis. • Plants use light energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and carbohydrates (sugars and starches) Process of Photosynthesis • Photosynthesis is a process used by green plants • The is a type of autotrophic nutrition. • Photosynthesis is carried out by chloroplasts, which contain chlorophyll • In the chloroplasts, CO2 and H2O are used to form C6H12O6 and O2 Process of Photosynthesis LABEL the reactants & products below 6 CO2 + 6 H2O C6H12O6 + 6 O2 = light energy trapped in the chloroplast makes this process happen Photosynthesis Equation 6CO2 + 6H2O carbon dioxide water C6H12O6 + 6O2 light energy sugar (glucose) oxygen Photosynthesis Equation 6CO2 + 6H2O carbon water C6H12O6 + 6O2 light energy dioxide sugar oxygen (glucose) • Requirements: – 6CO2 – carbon dioxide is absorbed from the environment – 6H2O – water absorbed from the environment – Energy – energy from the sun is trapped by the chlorophyll in the chloroplasts • Products/Wastes: – C6H12O6 – organic sugar (glucose) is stored in the plant – 6O2 – oxygen is released as a waste product Factors Affecting Photosynthesis • Water or Carbon dioxide (wax prevent water loss) • Temperature (0-35°C for enzymes) • Light intensity (min and max) or water Light and Pigments • Energy from the sun travels to Earth in the form of light of different wavelengths of the visible spectrum as different colors • Plants gather the sun’s energy with lightabsorbing molecules called pigments. Chloroplasts • Chlorophyll in the chloroplast is the green pigment that captures light energy to carry out photosynthesis. • Oxygen is released through the leaves • Organic sugars made are used by the autotroph to grow/develop or stored as carbohydrates or lipids. CLICK HERE to scroll and watch Light Reactions Inside Chloroplasts • Photosynthesis takes place inside chloroplasts • Thylakoids = saclike photosynthetic membranes containing chlorophyll and other pigments • Grana = stacks of thylakoids • Stroma = region (space) outside thylakoids Light vs. Dark Reactions • Light-dependent reactions take place within the thylakoid membranes. • Light-independent reactions, or the Calvin cycle, take place in the stroma. NADPH • High-energy electrons are transported from the chlorophyll by carrier molecules • NADP+ is one carrier molecule that carries two high-energy electrons with a hydrogen ion (H+) converting it into NADPH • The NADPH carries the electrons produced by light absorption in chlorophyll to chemical reactions throughout the cell. CLICK HERE to scroll and watch Glycolysis Light-dependent Reactions • Require LIGHT! • Use energy from light to produce oxygen and convert ADP & NADP+ into the energy carriers ATP & NADPH Light-independent Reactions The Calvin Cycle • The Calvin cycle uses the energy from ATP & NADPH to make highenergy compounds that can store the energy longer (sugars) • Light independent reaction = does NOT require light