Download Cardiovascular System

Cardiovascular
System
CHAPTER 7
Overview:
what we will cover

Combining forms of terms

Anatomy & physiology of the heart

Anatomy & physiology of the vascular system

Coronary Artery Disease

Blood Pressure

Blood Pressure Medications

Electrical Conduction of the heart

Types of Aneurysms

Additional terms to know
Combining Forms for
the Cardiovascular
System
angi/o
vas/o
vascul/o
vessel
angiogram
vasospasm
vascular
aort/o
aorta
aortic
Combining Forms for
the Cardiovascular
System
arteri/o
artery
arteriosclerosis
ather/o
fatty (lipid)
paste
atheroma
atri/o
atrium
atrioventricular
ventricul/o
ventricle
(belly or
pouch)
ventricular
Combining Forms for
the Cardiovascular
System
cardi/o
heart
cardiology
coron/o
circle/crown
coronary
my/o
muscle
myocardial
Combining Forms for
the Cardiovascular
System
pector/o
steth/o
chest
pectoral
stethoscope
sphygm/o
pulse
sphygmomanometer
thromb/o
clot
thrombocyte
Combining Forms for
the Cardiovascular
System
ven/o
phleb/o
vein
venous
phlebitis
varic/o
swollen/
twisted vein
varicosis
Cardiovascular System
Overview

Consists of the heart and blood vessels

The heart pumps blood throughout the body

Blood vessels transport blood throughout
the body
Structure of the Heart

Four Chambers

Right atrium (upper chamber)

Left atrium (upper chamber)

Right ventricle (lower chamber)

Left ventricle (lower chamber)
Structure of the
Heart
(continued)

Valves — Open and close with the heartbeat to
maintain one-way flow of blood through the heart

tricuspid valve — located between right atrium and
right ventricle

mitral (bicuspid) valve — located between left
atrium and left ventricle

pulmonary semilunar valve — opening from right
ventricle to pulmonary artery

aortic valve — located between left ventricle and
aorta
Layers of the Heart

endocardium


myocardium


Thick, muscular layer
epicardium


membrane that lines the interior cavities of the
heart
Outer membrane
Pericardium is the loose, protective sac that
surrounds and encloses the heart
Structures of the Heart
Blood Vessels
“oxygenated”

Aorta



Small vessels receive
blood from arteries
Cappillaries



Tiniest of vessels that join the
arteries & veins
Venules

Vessels that carry blood
from the heart to…
Arterioles


Large artery branching
from the ventricle
Arteries

“un-oxygenated”
Small vessels that gather
blood from the capillaries into
the veins
Veins

Carry blood from the veins to
the heart.
Exception to the rule

The pulmonary artery carries “un-oxygenated”
blood to the lungs from the right ventricle

Oxygenated blood returns to the heart via the
pulmonary veins into the left atrium
Coronary Artery Disease
Coronary Arteries
& Angiogram /c
stent
https://youtu.be/-BuazAhs7uA
https://youtu.be/I45kJJoCa6s
Blood Pressure & The Heart

*The heart is a pump

Force exerted by circulating blood on the walls of
the arteries, veins and heart chambers

Determined by the volume (think of hemorrhagic
pt or dissecting aneurysm) of blood, the space
within the arteries and arterioles, and the force of
the heart contractions
Blood Pressure Terms

Systole (aka systolic)


Diastole (aka diastolic)


period in the cardiac cycle when the heart is in
contraction and blood is ejected through the aorta
and pulmonary artery
period in the cardiac cycle when blood enters the
relaxed ventricles from the atria
normotension

normal blood pressure (110/70)
Blood Pressure
Medications

ACE inhibitors


Beta Blockers


End in …pril
End in ...olol
Calcium Channel
Blockers

End in …ipine

Except diltiazem &
verapamil

Diuretics

End in …ide

Except
spironolactone,
aldactone, &
chlorthalidone
Electrical Conduction of
the Heart

SA (sinoatrial node)

Pacemaker of the heart

AV (atrioventricular
node)

Bundle of His

Purkinje fibers
Types of Aneurysms
Additional Terms to
Know…

Hypo /hypertension

Infarct

Arteriosclerosis

Angina pectoris

Atherosclerosis

Claudication

Thrombus vs embolus

Vegitation

Stenosis, constriction,
occlusion, ischemia

Palpitation

Not to be confused
with palpate
Additional Terms to
Know…

Arrhythmia or
dysrhythmia

Fibrillation

Heart block

Cardiomyopathy

Congenital anomaly of
the heart

ASD (atrial septal
defect)

CHF

CAD

HTN

MI

DVT

Myocarditis, pericarditis,
& phlebitis
Additional Terms to
Know…

Auscultation

ECG or EKG

ICD

Cardioversion

Pacemaker