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SOL People World History I 1.) Abraham: father of the Hebrew nation; led his family to the land of Canaan. 2.) Moses: led the Israelites out of Egypt to the Promised Land; during the Exodus, he received the Ten Commandments from the Hebrew God on Mt. Sinai. 3.) Siddhartha Gautama: founder of Buddhism; known as Buddha (Enlightened One) by his followers. 4.) Asoka: Emperor of India from 269-238 BC; he made Buddhism the state religion of India and helped the religion spread to many other nations. 5.) Pericles: a dominant cultural and political figure during the Golden Age of Athens; he commissioned the construction of the Parthenon; he also expanded the Athenian Empire through the Delian League. 6.) Philip II: King of Macedon who conquered surrounding Greek city-states; father of Alexander the Great. 7.) Alexander the Great: expanded his inherited empire from Greece to Egypt to India; he founded Alexandria, a city on the Nile in Egypt; his expansion helped spread Greek culture to Asia. 8.) Julius Caesar: ruled Rome as part of the 1st Triumvirate along side Marcus Crassus and Gnaeus Pompey; 50 BC, he became dictator of Rome after the 1st Triumvirate fell apart; he was assassinated by the Roman Senate on March 15, 44 BC (Ides of March). 9.) Augustus Caesar (Octavian): member of the 2nd Triumvirate to rule over Rome along side Marc Antony and Marcus Lepidus; after the 2nd Triumvirate fell apart, he became the 1st emperor of Rome. 10.) Marc Antony: member of the 2nd Triumvirate; married Cleopatra; committed suicide after being defeated by Augustus Caesar. 11.) Jesus: born in Palestine to a Jewish family; traveled throughout Galilee preaching before being put to death by Roman ruler Pontius Pilate; he was proclaimed to be the Messiah and Son of God; the 1st four (4) books of the New Testament tell of his birth, teachings, and ministry. 12.) Paul: converted to Christianity; preached the message of Christianity to the Gentiles (non-Jews); he and the other apostles helped spread Christianity through the Roman Empire. 13.) Constantine: Roman emperor who moved the capital of the empire from Rome to Byzantium and renamed the city after himself—Constantinople; he granted religious freedom to the people of the empire, effectively ending the persecution of Christians. 14.) Ptolemy: 2nd century astronomer who said that the earth was the center of the solar system. 15.) Virgil: wrote the Aeneid, an epic that traces the origins of Rome. 16.) Justinian: ruled the Byzantine empire from 527-565; he attempted to reconquer the lands of the old Roman empire; developed a law code called the Corpus of Civil Law (Justinian’s Code). 17.) Muhammad: prophet born in Mecca; founded the religion of Islam around the year 600; his collection of revelations from Allah is known as the Quran (Koran). 18.) Charlemagne: defended the Catholic Church and was made Emperor of the Romans by Pope Leo III in AD 800. 19.) William of Normandy (William the Conqueror): Duke of Normandy who invaded and captured England in 1066 at the Battle of Hastings. 20.) King John: English king and son of King Henry II; in 1215, he was forced to sign the Magna Carta which placed limits on the power of the king. 21.) King Henry II: became King of England in 1154; he restructured the legal system of England to include the use of a jury and he became common law. 22.) Hugh Capet: a French duke; created a dynasty that would rule France for nearly 300 years. 23.) Joan of Arc: peasant girl who helped aid Charles VII in becoming the king of France in 1429; she was eventually captured and accused of being a witch by the English; she was burned at the stake. 24.) Ferdinand II: King of Aragon who married Isabella of Castile, effectively united most of Spain; they both helped rid Spain of Muslim Moors and effectively instituted the Spanish Inquisition to drive all non-Catholics from Spanish soil. 25.) Ivan III (Ivan the Great): helped rid Russia of the Mongols; turned Moscow into the capital of his Russian empire. 26.) Pope Urban II: he issued the call for the 1st Crusade to reclaim Palestine from Muslim control. 27.) Machiavelli: Italian statesmen and theorist who wrote The Prince, a book of advice to rulers including—the end justifies the means, being morally right is not as important as being politically effective, and a ruler must be strong and shrewd. 28.) Leonard da Vinci: Italian artist, inventor, writer, and scientist—a true Renaissance man; he is best know for his paintings, The Last Supper and the Mona Lisa. 29.) Michelangelo: Italian artist who is know for his painting of the Sistine Chapel ceiling and his sculptures, La Pieta and David. 2 30.) Petrarch: Italian poet who is know for reinventing the Sonnet. 31.) Erasmus: the most famous Christian humanists; wrote In Praise of Folly in 1511 that made fun of priests, scholars, and merchants. 32.) Sir Thomas More: Englishman who wrote Utopia criticizing English society; the book attempted to create a perfect society lacking greed, corruption, war, and crime. 3