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December 2nd, 2016 • What would be some advantages for the North and the South in the Civil War? • Which slave states were not a part of the Confederate States? What were these states known as? Why do you think it was vital to keep these states in the Union? How does Lincoln do that? The Civil War Begins Shortly after the nation’s Southern states secede from the Union, war begins between the North and South. NEXT Advantages of the North? • Larger population • Most of nation’s coal and iron came from North • High amounts of manufacturing • Large labor force • Larger network of railroads • Navy • Established political leaders Advantages of the South • Fight for survival – better motivation in eyes of soldiers – defense orientated • Strong military leaders • Many soldiers were experienced, fought in Mexican-American war • Only had to defend their land – knew their land better than the North – “Home field Advantage” SECTION 2 The Civil War Begins Union and Confederate Forces Clash Strategies • Union plan: blockade ports, split South in two by capturing cities down the Mississippi River, capture Richmond (Southern Capital) • Anaconda Plan: “Choke the South” Continued . . . NEXT SECTION 2 continued Union and Confederate Forces Clash Bull Run • Bull Run—first battle, near Washington; Confederate victory “Battle of 1st Manassas” in South • Thomas J. Jackson called Stonewall Jackson for firm stand in battle Image Union Armies in the West • Ulysses S. Grant pushes south; captures forts, wins at Shiloh – nearly 25,000 troops are killed between the Union and Confederate armies in 2 days worth of fighting • David G. Farragut takes New Orleans, the Confederacy’s busiest port – fails to capture Vicksburg Continued . . . NEXT SECTION 2 continued Union and Confederate Forces Clash The War for the Capitals • Robert E. Lee takes command of Confederate Army in 1862: - drives General George McClellan from Richmond in a series of battles known as the Seven Days (June 26, 1861 – July 2nd) - Lee was outnumbered but took advantage of McClellan’s cautious style - South wins 2nd Battle of Manassas after Stonewall Jackson destroyed Union forces before they could retreat - loses at Antietam, bloodiest one-day battle • McClellan removed from command, lets battered Confederates withdraw Interactive NEXT December 5th, 2016 Describe the Union plan for victory in the Civil War. What was the Southern plan victory? What does Britain do during the war? What battle led to Lincoln issuing the Emancipation Proclamation? SECTION 2 The Politics of War Britain Remains Neutral • Britain does not need cotton, does need Northern goods • Hurts the Southern strategy for victory Proclaiming Emancipation • Emancipation Proclamation empowers army to free Confederate slaves – does not apply to the border states • Gives soldiers moral purpose; compromise no longer possible, many African Americans join the Union Army even though Militia Act was passed, banning them from joining military • Issued on September 22, 1862 • 54th Massachusetts Regiment – first all black regiment formed with volunteers NEXT SECTION 2 Life During Wartime War Leads to Social Upheaval • Casualties, desertions lead to conscription on both sides • Conscription—draft that forces men to enlist; leads to draft riots African Americans Fight for Freedom • African Americans are 1% of North’s population, 10% of army • Serve in separate regiments, paid less than whites for most of war Image Soldiers Suffer on Both Sides • Soldiers often sick from camp filth, limited diet, poor medical care • Prisons overcrowded, unsanitary; many die of malnutrition, disease Continued . . . NEXT Both Sides Face Political Dissent • Lincoln, Davis suspend habeas corpus to suppress disloyalty, dissent • Habeas corpus – the right of an accused person to know why they are imprisoned • “Peace Democrats” – northern faction that opposed Lincoln’s actions in war, nicknamed “Copperheads” by opponents SECTION 2 continued Life During Wartime Women Work to Improve Conditions • Thousands of women serve as nurses for both sides • Union nurse Clara Barton later founds American Red Cross Image The War Affects Regional Economies • Confederacy faces food shortage, increased prices, inflation • Union army’s need for supplies supports Northern industry • North’s standard of living declines • Congress enacts income tax (percentage of income) to pay for war NEXT The North Takes Charge After four years of bloody fighting, the Union wears down the Confederacy and wins the war. NEXT SECTION 3 The North Takes Charge The Tide Turns Southern Victories • December 1862, Fredericksburg; May 1863, Chancellorsville North • Leads to greater expansion of Southern fighting in the North The Battle of Gettysburg • North wins decisive three-day battle of Gettysburg, July 1863 • Total casualties were more than 30%; South demoralized Interactive The Gettysburg Address • Nov. 1863, Lincoln gives Gettysburg Address at cemetery dedication • Speech helps country realize it is a unified nation Continued . . . NEXT December 6th, 2016 What was enacted to help the North pay for the war effort? What was the response in many Northern cities to conscription? Why does Lincoln have the Emancipation Proclamation apply only to Confederate States? Which battle is the turning point in the East during the Civil War? SECTION 3 continued The Tide Turns Grant Wins at Vicksburg Interactive • May-July 1863, Grant sieges Vicksburg after unsuccessful attacks (3rd time is the charm) • Siege – a military tactic in which an army surrounds, bombards, and cuts off all supplies to an enemy position in order to force a surrender • Grant used his forces to cut off the city of Vicksburg by taking the nearby city of Jackson, capital of MS • July 4th, 1863 – confederate commander ordered surrender of troops • The victory at Vicksburg meant the South was spilt into two parts along the Mississippi River NEXT SECTION 3 The Confederacy Wears Down Confederates Seek Peace • Confederacy no longer able to attack; works toward armistice • Southern newspapers, legislators, public call for peace Total War • Lincoln appoints Grant commander of all Union Armies (1864) Image • Grant appoints William Tecumseh Sherman as Western commander • Grant, Sherman wage total war to destroy South’s will to fight • Total war – striking civilian and military targets • Grant’s strategy to decimate Lee’s army while Continued . . . Sherman raids Georgia NEXT Sherman’s March • Spring 1864, Sherman creates a path of destruction through Georgia • 250 mile “March to the Sea” to capture Savannah, GA, started in TN-GA Border with 60,000 men • Tore up railroad tracks, destroyed buildings, and vandalized hundreds of homes • Burned Atlanta to the ground after his victory in the Battle of Atlanta – “Sherman the Brute” • Victory at Atlanta was significant because the destruction of railroad lines cut off valuable southern resupply units • Continued victories all along the way towards capturing Savanah in late December – presented the city to Lincoln as a Christmas gift SECTION 3 continued The Confederacy Wears Down The Election of 1864 • Lincoln’s unexpected reelection helped by Grant’s & Sherman’s victories • Criticized for using too much Presidential authority • Ran against George McClellan, former Union commander • Lincoln election destroyed ay hopes that the North would go for peace with the South Map The Surrender at Appomatox • Grant lost more men than Lee during his siege of Petersburg, but Lee had no reserves like Grant • April 1865, Grant, Lee sign surrender at Appomatox Court House • Within a month, all remaining Confederate resistance collapses NEXT SECTION 3 The War Changes Lives The Thirteenth Amendment • Thirteenth Amendment bans slavery in all states – not formally ratified in the Constitution until Dec. 1865 • Confederate peace delegation was unwilling to accept a future without slavery Lincoln Is Assassinated • April 14, 1865, Lincoln is shot at Ford’s Theater – watching Our American Cousin • Assassin John Wilkes Booth escapes, trapped by Union cavalry, shot • 7 million people pay respects to Lincoln’s funeral train NEXT December 7th, 2016 1. Why is the Union victory at Vicksburg significant? 2. What was the policy used by Sherman in his “March to the Sea” campaign? 3. Where did Lee formally surrender to Grant? 4. Describe two major outcomes of the Civil War. SECTION 3 The War Changes the Nation Human Cost of the War • Approximately 360,000 Union and 260,000 Confederate soldiers die Chart Political and Economic Changes • Civil War increases power, authority of federal government • Southern economy shattered: industry, farmlands destroyed A Revolution in Warfare • Developments in military technology make fighting more deadly • Ironclad ships change naval warfare Image NEXT Civil War saw the use of photography for the first time in warfare Mathew Brady – popular photo journalist, “The Dead at Antietam” provided graphic evidence of the terrible realities of war Land Grant College Act – passed by Congress in 1862, gave money from sale of public lands to states for the establishment of universities that taught agriculture and mechanical arts More Effects of the War • Atlanta would grow into the transportation center of the south again as a modern city built around the automobile • Difficult post-slavery effects on the South, society would be vastly different during Reconstruction era • War help cement federal authority, stronger national government than state governments and a larger role in the lives of people/citizens Major Civil War Battles Review • Location (Which Theatre East/West & State) • Date or Dates of Battle • Union & Southern Generals involved • Summary of the Battle • Significance of the Battle • Aftermath – important aspects of the Civil War that occurred because of that battle