Download The Civil War Begins

December 2nd, 2016
• What would be some advantages for
the North and the South in the Civil
War?
• Which slave states were not a part of
the Confederate States? What were
these states known as? Why do you
think it was vital to keep these states
in the Union? How does Lincoln do
that?
The Civil War Begins
Shortly after the nation’s Southern states secede
from the Union, war begins between the North
and South.
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Advantages of the North?
• Larger population
• Most of nation’s coal and iron came from
North
• High amounts of manufacturing
• Large labor force
• Larger network of railroads
• Navy
• Established political leaders
Advantages of the South
• Fight for survival – better motivation in
eyes of soldiers – defense orientated
• Strong military leaders
• Many soldiers were experienced, fought
in Mexican-American war
• Only had to defend their land – knew
their land better than the North –
“Home field Advantage”
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The Civil War Begins
Union and Confederate Forces Clash
Strategies
• Union plan: blockade ports, split South in two by capturing
cities down the Mississippi River, capture Richmond
(Southern Capital)
• Anaconda Plan: “Choke the South”
Continued . . .
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continued Union
and Confederate Forces Clash
Bull Run
• Bull Run—first battle, near Washington;
Confederate victory “Battle of 1st Manassas” in
South
• Thomas J. Jackson called Stonewall Jackson for
firm stand in battle
Image
Union Armies in the West
• Ulysses S. Grant pushes south; captures forts,
wins at Shiloh – nearly 25,000 troops are killed
between the Union and Confederate armies in 2
days worth of fighting
• David G. Farragut takes New Orleans, the
Confederacy’s busiest port – fails to capture
Vicksburg
Continued . . .
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continued Union
and Confederate Forces Clash
The War for the Capitals
• Robert E. Lee takes command of Confederate
Army in 1862:
- drives General George McClellan from Richmond
in a series of battles known as the Seven Days
(June 26, 1861 – July 2nd)
- Lee was outnumbered but took advantage of
McClellan’s cautious style
- South wins 2nd Battle of Manassas after Stonewall
Jackson destroyed Union forces before they could
retreat
- loses at Antietam, bloodiest one-day battle
• McClellan removed from command, lets battered
Confederates withdraw
Interactive
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December 5th, 2016
Describe the Union plan for victory in the Civil
War.
What was the Southern plan victory?
What does Britain do during the war?
What battle led to Lincoln issuing the
Emancipation Proclamation?
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The Politics of War
Britain Remains Neutral
• Britain does not need cotton, does need Northern
goods
• Hurts the Southern strategy for victory
Proclaiming Emancipation
• Emancipation Proclamation empowers army to
free Confederate slaves – does not apply to the
border states
• Gives soldiers moral purpose; compromise no
longer possible, many African Americans join the
Union Army even though Militia Act was passed,
banning them from joining military
• Issued on September 22, 1862
• 54th Massachusetts Regiment – first all black
regiment formed with volunteers
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Life During Wartime
War Leads to Social Upheaval
• Casualties, desertions lead to conscription on
both sides
• Conscription—draft that forces men to enlist;
leads to draft riots
African Americans Fight for Freedom
• African Americans are 1% of North’s population,
10% of army
• Serve in separate regiments, paid less than whites
for most of war
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Soldiers Suffer on Both Sides
• Soldiers often sick from camp filth, limited diet,
poor medical care
• Prisons overcrowded, unsanitary; many die of
malnutrition, disease
Continued . . .
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Both Sides Face Political Dissent
• Lincoln, Davis suspend habeas corpus
to suppress disloyalty, dissent
• Habeas corpus – the right of an
accused person to know why they are
imprisoned
• “Peace Democrats” – northern faction
that opposed Lincoln’s actions in war,
nicknamed “Copperheads” by
opponents
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continued Life
During Wartime
Women Work to Improve Conditions
• Thousands of women serve as nurses for
both sides
• Union nurse Clara Barton later founds
American Red Cross
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The War Affects Regional Economies
• Confederacy faces food shortage, increased
prices, inflation
• Union army’s need for supplies supports
Northern industry
• North’s standard of living declines
• Congress enacts income tax (percentage of
income) to pay for war
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The North Takes Charge
After four years of bloody fighting, the Union
wears down the Confederacy and wins the war.
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The North Takes Charge
The Tide Turns
Southern Victories
• December 1862, Fredericksburg; May 1863,
Chancellorsville North
• Leads to greater expansion of Southern fighting in
the North
The Battle of Gettysburg
• North wins decisive three-day battle of
Gettysburg, July 1863
• Total casualties were more than 30%;
South demoralized
Interactive
The Gettysburg Address
• Nov. 1863, Lincoln gives Gettysburg Address
at cemetery dedication
• Speech helps country realize it is a
unified nation
Continued . . .
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December 6th, 2016
What was enacted to help the North pay for the war
effort?
What was the response in many Northern cities to
conscription?
Why does Lincoln have the Emancipation
Proclamation apply only to Confederate States?
Which battle is the turning point in the East during
the Civil War?
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continued The
Tide Turns
Grant Wins at Vicksburg
Interactive
• May-July 1863, Grant sieges Vicksburg after
unsuccessful attacks (3rd time is the charm)
• Siege – a military tactic in which an army surrounds,
bombards, and cuts off all supplies to an enemy
position in order to force a surrender
• Grant used his forces to cut off the city of Vicksburg
by taking the nearby city of Jackson, capital of MS
• July 4th, 1863 – confederate commander ordered
surrender of troops
• The victory at Vicksburg meant the South was spilt
into two parts along the Mississippi River
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The Confederacy Wears Down
Confederates Seek Peace
• Confederacy no longer able to attack; works
toward armistice
• Southern newspapers, legislators, public call
for peace
Total War
• Lincoln appoints Grant commander of all Union
Armies (1864)
Image
• Grant appoints William Tecumseh Sherman as
Western commander
• Grant, Sherman wage total war to destroy South’s
will to fight
• Total war – striking civilian and military targets
• Grant’s strategy to decimate Lee’s army while
Continued . . .
Sherman raids Georgia
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Sherman’s March
• Spring 1864, Sherman creates a path of destruction
through Georgia
• 250 mile “March to the Sea” to capture Savannah, GA,
started in TN-GA Border with 60,000 men
• Tore up railroad tracks, destroyed buildings, and vandalized
hundreds of homes
• Burned Atlanta to the ground after his victory in the Battle of
Atlanta – “Sherman the Brute”
• Victory at Atlanta was significant because the destruction of
railroad lines cut off valuable southern resupply units
• Continued victories all along the way towards capturing
Savanah in late December – presented the city to Lincoln as
a Christmas gift
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continued The
Confederacy Wears Down
The Election of 1864
• Lincoln’s unexpected reelection helped by Grant’s &
Sherman’s victories
• Criticized for using too much Presidential authority
• Ran against George McClellan, former Union
commander
• Lincoln election destroyed ay hopes that the North
would go for peace with the South
Map
The Surrender at Appomatox
• Grant lost more men than Lee during his siege of
Petersburg, but Lee had no reserves like Grant
• April 1865, Grant, Lee sign surrender at Appomatox
Court House
• Within a month, all remaining Confederate resistance
collapses
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The War Changes Lives
The Thirteenth Amendment
• Thirteenth Amendment bans slavery in all states
– not formally ratified in the Constitution until Dec.
1865
• Confederate peace delegation was unwilling to
accept a future without slavery
Lincoln Is Assassinated
• April 14, 1865, Lincoln is shot at Ford’s Theater – watching
Our American Cousin
• Assassin John Wilkes Booth escapes, trapped by Union
cavalry, shot
• 7 million people pay respects to Lincoln’s
funeral train
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December 7th, 2016
1. Why is the Union victory at Vicksburg
significant?
2. What was the policy used by Sherman in
his “March to the Sea” campaign?
3. Where did Lee formally surrender to
Grant?
4. Describe two major outcomes of the
Civil War.
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The War Changes the Nation
Human Cost of the War
• Approximately 360,000 Union and 260,000
Confederate soldiers die
Chart
Political and Economic Changes
• Civil War increases power, authority of federal
government
• Southern economy shattered: industry, farmlands
destroyed
A Revolution in Warfare
• Developments in military technology make fighting
more deadly
• Ironclad ships change naval warfare
Image
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Civil War saw the use of photography for
the first time in warfare
Mathew Brady – popular photo journalist,
“The Dead at Antietam” provided graphic
evidence of the terrible realities of war
Land Grant College Act – passed by
Congress in 1862, gave money from sale of
public lands to states for the establishment
of universities that taught agriculture and
mechanical arts
More Effects of the War
• Atlanta would grow into the transportation
center of the south again as a modern city
built around the automobile
• Difficult post-slavery effects on the South,
society would be vastly different during
Reconstruction era
• War help cement federal authority, stronger
national government than state
governments and a larger role in the lives
of people/citizens
Major Civil War Battles Review
• Location (Which Theatre East/West &
State)
• Date or Dates of Battle
• Union & Southern Generals involved
• Summary of the Battle
• Significance of the Battle
• Aftermath – important aspects of the
Civil War that occurred because of that
battle