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Module 1: What is the Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children (CSEC)? “It’s not a choice, no one just wakes up and wants to do this. You can’t just walk away…” - CSEC Survivor What is CSEC? Objectives… • Dispel commonly held beliefs and stereotypes that promote CSEC • Define terms needed to discuss and understand issues of CSEC • Understand the forms and prevalence of CSEC within the U.S. • Frame issues of CSEC in a regional context and understand the scope and forms of CSEC in your community • Increase awareness and sensitivity to CSEC issues to promote victim centered programming, investigation, prosecution, and medical treatment What are some myths and stereotypes about CSEC or sexually exploited youth? Terminology Exercise • What terms are used or have you seen used when talking about sexual exploitation and trafficking? • Talk about… • Who is included? • Who is left out? • What is gained by using this term? • What is lost by using this term? Sexually Exploited Trafficked Abuse Trauma Violence Disease Rape PTSD Worthy of compassion Prostituted Choice?? VS. Abuse Trauma Violence Disease Rape PTSD Not worthy of compassion These situations contradict our expectations and assumptions. They are some of the most difficult that we deal with. There are ways we can disrupt this cycle if we understand how it operates. Tough Questions for Service Providers Tough Questions for Service Providers: 1. How do you engage with a child who doesn’t want to engage? 2. How do you get CSEC victims to understand exploitation when they don’t think they are being exploited? 3. How do you deal with a child who you have been working with long term, who is making positive progress in his/her life, who understands the dynamics of exploitation, who goes back to the life? 4. How do you work with a girl who has a “boyfriend” and says she is in love with him? 5. How do you engage with sexually exploited kids on the street? 6. How do you deal with a child who is actively recruiting other youth from your agency? 7. When recruiters and pimps know the location of your agency what should you do? CSEC is…. The commercial sexual exploitation of children (CSEC) is: • Sexual acts involving youth in exchange for something of value, or promise thereof, to the child or another person or persons. • Treating a child as a commercial and sexual object. • A form of violence against children. CSEC includes: • street prostitution • pornography • stripping • erotic/nude massage • escort services • phone sex lines • private parties • gang and organized crime-based prostitution • familial pimping • forms of Internet-based exploitation Intersections of Abuse Child Sexual Abuse Sexual Exploitation of Children Commercial Sexual violence Exploitation of Children • Domestic • Intimate partner violence • Sexual violence Domestic Minor Sex Trafficking UNDER 18 INVOLVED IN SEX INDUSTRY THIRD PARTY PROFITS FROM EXPLOITATION OF YOUTH IN SEX INDUSTRY Sex act for something of value ($, food, shelter, drugs) Survival sex Sexual Exploitation Stripping or pornography Prostitution and sex trafficking CSEC in the United States • At least 100,000 to 300,000 youth are at risk for commercial sexual exploitation annually in the U.S. (Estes and Wiener, 2001) • “At least 100,000 children are used in prostitution every year in the U.S.” (The National Report on DMST: America’s Prostituted Children, 2010, Shared Hope.) • The most common age of entry into the commercial sex industry in the U.S. is 12-14 years old. (US Department of Justice, Child Exploitation and Obscenity Section) CSEC in the United States The National Incidence Studies of Missing, Abducted, Runaway, and Throwaway (NISMART) children estimate that 1.6 million children run away from home each year in the U.S. Advocates estimate that 1 in 3 teens approached by an exploiter within 2-3 days of becoming homeless will enter the commercial sex industry via this route. CSEC in Rural MN • Factors that contribute in many rural communities • Close knit, small town personality, friendly yet closed • Traditional values, hard working and self reliance • Rural areas face higher poverty rates • Higher demand for low skill labors • Rapid change for transient male population • Top sex trafficking cases in rural areas – Commercial front brothels (strip clubs, message parlors) – Truck stop based sex workers – Hotel, motel – Internet – Escort delivery services (especially to hunting shacks) Addressing Demand If at least 300,000 children are estimated to be at risk for CSEC in the U.S…. who do you think is buying children for sex? Buyers – who are they? • Men • • • • Old / young All races and cultures Single / married Daughters, sons • Employed • Men with money Ten Buyers Arrested in Prostitution Sting A look at Southwest Minnesota… Addressing Demand Reflection Questions: • Why do you think there is such a huge demand? • What factors in our society contribute to demand? Handout 1.5 Factors Influencing Demand Presence of Adult Sex Industry “Without equivocation….the presence of pre-existing adult prostitution markets contributes measurably to the creation of secondary sexual markets in which children are sexually exploited. [We] find no support for the legalization of prostitution in the U.S., especially given the relationship that we can confirm to exist between adult and juvenile sexual exploitation”. The Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children, Estes & Weiner (2001) Factors Influencing Demand Acceptance of Violence Towards Individuals in Sex Industry A Canadian commission found that prostituted women are 40 times more likely to be murdered than their nonprostituted counterparts. Special Committee on Prostitution and Pornography, Pornography and Prostitution in Canada, 350,(1985). Factors Influencing Demand Dehumanization of Prostituted Women “They were objects. In my mind, they never had families or anything." Joel Rifkin, in a statement to the police in admitting to the murders of 17 prostituted women, many of whose names he could not remember, 1994. Factors Influencing Demand Dehumanization of Prostituted Women "I picked prostitutes as my victims because I hate most prostitutes and I did not want to pay them for sex. I also picked prostitutes as victims because they were easy to pick up, without being noticed. I knew they would not be reported missing right away, and might never be reported missing. I picked prostitutes because I thought I could kill as many of them as I wanted without getting caught.” Gary Ridgway, (The ‘Green River Killer’) in a statement to the Court in which he pled guilty to murdering 48 women and girls, 2003. Factors Influencing Demand Dehumanization of CSEC Victims Of Gary Ridgway’s 48 admitted victims, 27 of those victims were between the ages of 15-18 years old. The Green River Killer was therefore one of the largest child serial killers in the US ever, and the largest known killer of CSEC victims, yet the fact that many of his victims were children/youth is never mentioned because they were viewed as ‘prostitutes’. Dehumanization of CSEC Victims excerpts from online “reviews” Factors Influencing Demand Internet Pornography There are over 100,000 sites offering illegal child pornography and hundreds of thousands more offering legal ‘teen’ or ‘ barely legal’ pornography. In 2006, there were over 20 million searches using the words ‘teen porn’ or ‘teen sex’. http://internet-filter-review.toptenreviews.com/internet-pornography-statistics.html 25% of total search engine requests are porn-related. http://www.healthymind.com/s-porn-stats.html Reflection Questions: Why do you think that our society doesn’t address demand more? St. Cloud – Behind the Blinds Nightline – Hidden America Activity: Who? What? Where? Why? Handout 1.7 Activity: Who? What? Where? Why? Directions for groups: • Based on your knowledge and experience, choose one of four sets of questions: Who? What? Where? or Why? • In your group, review the set of questions you selected. Be as specific, detailed, and reflective in your responses as possible. Record your answers on a piece of easel paper. • Choose one group member to present your responses to the whole group.