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Achieving Sustainability Brundtland commission (pg287) What and when? Rio Commission Where and when? Issues raised: Agenda 21 2002 - What were the targets made at each summit and how have the UK put these into action? Sustainability of current exploitation and strategies to increase sustainability Biotic resources Habitat destruction Water Resources Current exploitation Freshwater supplies Extinctions Back ground ratesHuman causes Locations rapid extinctions – Maintaining biodiversity Local Reducing Wastage of Water Local National National International International Physical Resources: minerals, rocks aggregates and minerals Resource wastage and unnecessary use Difficulties in recycling Availability of high-grade ores Strategies to increase recycling of physical resources Development of new technologies Energy (pg 293) Are we running out of fossil fuels? What techniques are increasing fossil fuel recovery? How do these techniques explain the difference between each resource and its reserves? How is current energy use restricted? (pollution and habitat damage concerns) How do current patterns of consumption, inequality and expected future increases: Create pollution (page 296) Affect LEDCS (page 299) Climate Change – Fact or fiction? Evaluate the conflicting evidence surrounding climate change Do you think climate change is occurring? What is causing climate change. Give reasons for your answers. How can energy use be made more sustainable? Restrictions/Controls Nuclear power – fission vs fusion Carbon sequestration ( pg 294) Renewable energy resources (pg 295) Food production Changing numbers in people suffering hunger and starvation Is GM the answer to supply problems? Local/organic – can it provide enough? How is local food production distorted by long distance food transport to satisfy more affluent countries? Is organic agriculture more sustainable? How can food production be made more sustainable? How do global consumption patterns affect local producing areas? Human populations - How does affluence effect resource exploitation and environmental degradation? Energy use and pollution Water exploitation Mineral exploitation Human populations How does uneven resource distribution affect development? How does the positive feedback of poverty influence population growth (299-300) and development? SUMMARY - What can individuals, groups and the authorities do at the local, national and international level? Individuals Local Authority Groups National Authority International Authority Transport choices, public transport, air travel, schools, housing design, Ecotowns, Kenya, Taxes and Levies (301 – 309)