Download Civil War Cavalry

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Review
Northern Advantages
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Strong Navy
Transportation System
Population Advantage- 22 to 9 million
Immigrants to fill ranks
Southern Advantages
• Fighting a defensive war
• Initially higher morale
• More talented officers
James Longstreet
Stonewall Jackson
Jefferson Davis
• Former cabinet member under
Buchanan
• Defied rather than led public opinion
• Hampered by CSA government
emphasizing states rights
Confederacy
• CSA hoped that demand for cotton would
lead to European intervention
Great Britain
• Influenced by• Need for US
grain
• Realization that
they may use
blockades in the
future
US/Great Britain Relations
• Trent Affair
almost resulted
in war
• CSA diplomats
were removed
from a British
ship by federal
authorities
CSA Alabama
• Effective in damaging Union shipping
Abe Lincoln
• Had the advantage of a long
established government
• Used dubious legal means to keep
the border states
• Was willing to preserve the Union
with or without slavery
Lincoln’s Methods
• Declared blockade without congress
• Increased size of Federal Army
• Suspended habeas corpus to arrest antiunionists
• “Supervised” voting in border states
• Suspended certain newspapers and
arrested editors
Border Sates
• Large Population
• Supply of horses
and mules
• Manufacturing
capacity
• Navigable rivers
Fort Sumter
• In Charleston Harbor
• Lincoln sent supplies, but viewed as
reinforcements by the South
• Northerners viewed the bombardment
as an attack on the Union
Call to Arms
• Northern Army was
only 16K strong
• Lincoln call for 75K
additional
– Easily met
Conscription
• South turns to draft
1862
• North- 1863
Northern Soldiers
• Eventually became known for
discipline and determination
• Benefitted from a larger population
• Many from the working classes
• Mainly a volunteer army
First Bull Run
• Showed that war would not be quick
Shiloh
• Showed that war would be bloody
Peninsula Campaign
• The Union was stopped short of
Richmond
• Union strategy turned to “total war”
France, Great Britain, and
Germany
• Favored a Civil war in the US- hoping
it would weaken the American
presence in the hemisphere
Civil War Congress
• Legislated to aid Northern InterestsTax on Tobacco and alcohol increased
Income tax levied for 1st time
Morrill Tariff Act
Issued Greenbacks
National Banking System
1864 Election
• Lincoln (Rep.) defeated McClellan (Dem.)
Antietam
• One of two major battles fought on
Union soil
• Probably prevented aid to the South
from GB and France
Vicksburg
• CSA forces surrender
on July 4, 1863
• Leads to union control
of the Mississippi
River
Gettysburg
• July 1-3, 1863
• 30% of Lee’s forces destroyed
• Resulted in CSA inability to launch
offensive war
Gettysburg
• Lee invaded the North, hoping to strengthen the
Northern peace movement
• The Union had strong defensive lines
• Union victory doomed the Southern cause
• Meade slowly pursued Lee
• One of two major battles fought on Union soil
Ulysses S. Grant
• Started fighting in the
West
• Believed in assailing
the enemy forces
directly and
simultaneously
Civil War Cavalry
• Considered the
eyes of the army.
• Also used for
foraging and
harassing
actions.
Monitor and Merrimack
• Basically fought to a draw
• Monitor was later lost in storm
• Merrimack was destroyed by Southern
soldiers to avoid capture by the North
William T. Sherman
• Began fighting in the West
• Felt that a total war of destruction
would end the war as quickly as
possible
Appomattox Court House
• War ended with the
South short of
supplies
• Lee felt it was futile
to continue
John Wilkes Booth
• Assassinated
Lincoln as a
desperate
measure to
rescue the
Confederacy
• A calamity for the
South
George Armstrong Custer
• Decorated Union
cavalry officer.
• Actions in the
spring of ’65
helped end the
war.
Results of the War
• Expanded federal powers of taxation
• End of nullification and secession
• Creation of the first federal social
welfare system
• End of slavery
Post war North
• Economy was stronger than before
Postwar South
• Completely destroyed- physically and
economically
Postwar South
• Radical Reconstruction State
Governments- passed needed
legislation and reforms
• Defeated CSA leaders were pardoned
in 1868
• Viewed as conquered provinces by
the Radical Republicans
Andrew Johnson
• Democrat from Tennessee- viewed as a
champion of poor whites
• Named Lincoln’s running mate in ’64attempt to attract War Democrats and
pro-Union Southerners
Andrew Johnson
• As Pres- against the Freedman’s
Bureau
• Reconstruction based on restoration
of Southern states after a few, basic
conditions were met
• Impeached for improperly dismissing
Sec. of War Stanton
Freed Blacks
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Searched for lost family
Got married
Formed own churches
Gained educations
Freedmen's Bureau
• Headed by O.O. Howard
• Intended to provide relief supplies, labor
referral, arbitration services and a local court
system
Freedman’s Bureau
• Most successful with education
Thaddeus Stevens
• Believed that economic gains were a
priority to aid freed blacks
Charles Sumner
• Believed that political gains were a priority
to aid freed blacks
Tenure of Office Act
• Officeholder appointed by Johnson and
approved by Senate was to serve until
Senate approved a successor
• Limited Johnson’s ability to remove
officials
• ScalawagsSoutherners who
assisted Federal
reconstruction efforts
• CarpetbaggersNortherners who went
South during
reconstruction
Alaska
• Purchased in 1867 from Russia
• Russians felt they would lose it to GB
• Felt selling it to the US, they would at
least get money
1868 Election
Ku Klux Klan
• Intimidated
blacks and
undermined
them politically
Amendments
13th- Abolishes slavery
14th- Citizenship and civil
rights to freed slaves
15th- Prohibits states from
denying right to vote based
on race, color or previous
condition of servitude
Reconstruction
• Fell short of goals
• Southern hierarchy was similar to pre
Civil War
• Ended with Federal troops leaving the
South in 1877
Women in the Workforce
• Women filled
industrial jobs opened
by men serving in the
war.
• Also served as clerks
in Washington D.C.
• Several hundred
served in the military
and some were spies.
Black Codes
• Attempt to ensure a stable and
subservient labor supply
1872 Election
Gilded Age
• Term coined by Mark
Twain
• Showed how the
prosperity of society was
not penetrating to all
Americans